Dynamics of parathyroid hormone secretion after total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation.

BACKGROUND: Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a common complication in uremic patients. Total parathyroidectomy combined with partial autotransplantation into brachioradialis muscle has been the preference among the options for surgical treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the reserve and ability of suppression of autotransplanted parathyroid tissue using dynamics tests. METHODS: We studied, prospectively, 12 patients in recent (RP) and late (LP) postoperative of total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation. For analysis of the secretory reserve capacity, we induced hypocalcemia by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) infusion. Furthermore, for analysis of the ability for parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression, the hypercalcemia test was used, by intravenous administration of calcium in LP. RESULTS: In RP, there was a decrease in the average serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase, which ranged from 13 to 231 (87 +/- 65) pg/ml, 2.3 to 6.2 (3.3 +/- 1.1) mg/dl, and 77 to 504 (250 +/- 135) U/L, respectively, similar to that observed in LP. The analysis of the average curve of variations in PTH during testing of the stimulus with EDTA showed lack of secretion in RP and partial response in LP. Impaired suppression ability of the graft in LP was observed in the test with intravenous calcium. CONCLUSIONS: Total parathyroidectomy followed by partial autotransplantation was effective in reducing PTH serum levels in patients with terminal kidney disease. The elevation of serum calcium during the suppression test was not able to inhibit the autograft gland secretion of PTH. The assessment of parathyroid graft function demonstrated an inability to respond to the stimulus of hypocalcemia induced by EDTA, although there was a partial recovery, in late postoperative period.

Secção laringotraqueal e laceração faringo-esofágica no trauma cervical fechado / Laryngotracheal rupture and pharyngoesophageal injury caused by blunt neck trauma

A separação laringotraqueal decorrente do trauma contuso é uma situação de extrema gravidade. Apresentamos os procedimentos necessários para o atendimento de um caso de trauma cervical fechado com secção laringotraqueal completa e laceração faringo-esofágica extensa. O sucesso no tratamento decorreu da realização de exame clínico acurado e diagnóstico preciso e da possibilidade de garantir uma via aérea que permitiu restabelecer a ventilação e da abordagem apropriada da lesão de maneira a ter reconstituído a arquitetura laringotraqueal. Salientamos, no entanto, que a rápida intervenção é fundamental, o que demanda uma equipe médica treinada e tecnicamente habituada às abordagens cirúrgicas do pescoço.

Laryngotracheal separation caused by a blunt trauma is a situation of extreme severity. We present the necessary procedures for the initial assistance of a patient with blunt cervical trauma that presented complete laryngotracheal section and a large pharyngoesophageal injury, with satisfactory functional recovery after the surgical reconstruction. The success in treatment depends on detailed clinical examination and diagnosis, possibility to guarantee an airway to keep the ventilation, and appropriate injury approach, reconstituting the integrity of the laryngotracheal architecture. The fast intervention is essential. It demands a prepared medical group, with qualified doctors in surgical approaches of the neck.

Effect of BCG stimulus on proinflammatory cytokine production in laryngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Evaluate the production of TNF and IL-6 in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures of patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer before and after surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adherent cell cultures were stimulated with LPS and BCG. Fourteen patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer were studied. Cytokine concentration was determined by ELISA in supernatants of mononuclear cell cultures. RESULTS: In non-stimulated cultures, lower TNF cytokine levels were detected during the late postoperative (LP) period compared to control (P = 0.02). LP TNF and IL-6 levels were high in cultures stimulated with LPS compared with the preoperative period (PREOP) (P = 0.007; P = 0.008, respectively). Stimulation with BCG led to increased levels of TNF and IL-6 during the LP period compared to control (P = 0.001; P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: BCG is able to modulate the immune response of patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer in vitro, increasing the secretion of TNF and IL-6 by macrophages during the postoperative period.

Osteotomia de Le Fort I no tratamento do angiofibroma juvenil: aspectos da técnica cirúrgica / Le Fort I osteotomy on juvenile angiofibroma treatment: surgical-technical aspects

O angiofibroma juvenil (AJ) é um tumor benigno, que ocorre comumente na região da nasofaringe de indivíduos jovens gênero masculino. As técnicas cirúrgicas mais empregadas para ressecção do angiofibroma são a rinotomia lateral, a abordagem transpalatina, a via endoscópica e o Le Fort I. A osteotomia do tipo Le Fort I foi introduzida para correção de deformidades esqueléticas do terço médio da face, sendo eventualmente utilizada no tratamento de tumores da cavidade nasal, nasofaringe e base de crânio. A proposta deste estudo é revisar a técnica da osteotomia tipo Le Fort I na abordagem do AJ e apresentar modificações, que auxiliam na sua execução e no controle das recidivas locais e das complicações cirúrgicas.

Juvenile angiofibroma (JA) is a benign nasopharyngeal tumor that occurs in adolescent male patients. The most known surgical techniques for resection of JA are lateral rhynotomy, transpalatal, endoscopic and Le Fort I approaches. The Le Fort I osteotomy was popularized for the correction of skeletal deformities of the mid-face and sometimes for the treatment of tumors of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and skull base. The purpose of this study is to review the Le Fort I osteotomy technique used in juvenile angiofibroma approach and present some changes that help the performing and diminish the recurrence and surgical complications.

Tumor marrom gigante de mandíbula em regressão espontânea no hiperparatireoidismo secundário pós-paratireoidectomia

Introdução: O tumor marrom é uma lesão erosiva óssea causada por uma rápida atividade osteoclástica e fibrose peritrabecular. Esse tumor é conhecido por estar associado ao estado de hiperparatireoidismo, sendo considerado a alteração esquelética patognomômica que acompanha esta doença. Embora apresente uma evolução insidiosa, com tendência à involução após a paratireoidectomia, alguns pacientes podem ter uma apresentação atípica, com crescimento rápido e desfigurante. Este trablaho tem o objetivo de apresentar um tumor marrom de mandíbula de rápida evolução associado ao hiperparatireoidismo secundário, complicado pela presença de uma glândula paratireóide supranumerária não identificada. Relato de caso: JFT, 21 anos, sexo masculino, em hemodiálise há 2 anos, encaminhado ao Ambulatório de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, apresentando tumor marrom desfigurante na mandíbula há 2 meses. O paciente foi submetido a uma paratireoidectomia, sendo ressecadas quatro paratireóides aumentadas, identificadas em localização habitual por cintilografia e confirmadas por exame anatomopatológico. Foi realizado autotransplante de tecido paratireóideo no músculo braquiorradial direito. O paciente evoluiu com aumento da lesão mandibular, disfagia, hemorragia da mucosa oral e persistência dos níveis séricos elevaods de paratormônio. Uma nova cintilografia de paratireóide revelou uma área focal, não existente na primeira cintilografia, de radioconcentração persistente em topografia retroesternal...

Insuficiência respiratória aguda provocada por laringocele / Acute airway distress caused by giant laryngocele

A laringocele consiste em herniação da parede anterior do sáculo laríngeo. Essa formação habitualmente não causa sintomas, no entanto, disfagia e dispnéia podem surgir, principalmente quando volumosas. Apresentamos um caso de laringocele associado à dispnéia súbita, que necessitou de traqueostomia de urgência. O diagnóstico foi confirmado através da vídeo-laringoscopia e da tomografia computadorizada e o paciente foi submetido à ressecção cirúrgica, evoluindo sem seqüelas funcionais.

Laryngocele consists of herniation from the anterior wall of laryngeal saeccule. This disease habitually does not cause symptoms. However, dysphagia and dyspnea can appear, mainly when it is voluminous. We present a case of laryngocele associated to sudden dyspnea that needed urgent tracheotomy. The diagnosis was confirmed with videolaryngoscopy and computed tomography. The patient underwent surgical resection, and he did not present functional sequels.

Cisto cervical: maligno ou benigno? / Cervical cyst: malignant or benign?

Introdução: o carcinoma papilífero da tireóide pode apresentar-se a partir de uma metástase cervical. A presença de metástase cística cervical pode ser confundida com lesão benigna e postergar o tratamento adequado do carcinoma papilífero. Relato de caso: esse fato ocorreu com o caso apresentado o que nos trouxe ensinamentos. Trata-se de uma paciente jovem com lesão cervical cística há quatro anos, com ultra-sonografia compatível com lesão benigna. O exame histopatológico pós-operatório diagnosticou metástase de carcinoma papilífero de tireóide. Em nova ultrasonografia, duas imagens nodulares menores que 1cm foram observadas na glândula tireóide. Discussão: a dificuldade de diagnóstico clínico, por imagem e por punção aspirativa por agulha fina das lesões císticas pode postergar o diagnóstico e, com isso, o tratamento. O caso aqui apresentado nos alerta de que não devemos aceitar ultra-sonografia cervical que não contenha o estudo da glâdula tireóide, principalmente quando forem formações que possam sifnificar metástases.

Introduction: the thyroi papillary carcinoma can present itself as cervical metastasis. The presence of cystic cervical metastasis can be confused with benign lesions and delay the treatment of papillary carcinoma. Case report: it occurred in the present case. We are reporting a cse of a young female patient with a cystic cervical lesion for four years with ultrasonography (US) diagnostic compatible to a benign lesion. The patient underwent surgical resection and the histopathological analysis diagnosed metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma. Another US identified two nodes smaller than 1cm in the thyroid gland. Discussion: the difficulty of clinical and radiological diagnosis and the limitation of fine needle aspiration cytology of the cervical cystic lesions can delay the diagnosis and treatment. The cervical US without study of the thyroid cannot be accepted, specially when there is the possibility of a cervical metasasis.

Effect of surgical treatment on lymphoproliferation in advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The capacity of cell immunity to act against tumor cells has been presented as a decisive influence in the prognosis of patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate lymphoproliferation in nonadherent peripheral blood cell cultures of patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer were studied prospectively. Lymphoproliferation was quantified by adding 3H-thymidine and measured in counts/minute using liquid scintillation spectrometry. Based on the ratio between stimulated and baseline cultures, the proliferation index was calculated before and 236 +/- 18 days after the surgery. RESULTS: Lymphoproliferation was lower in patients than in healthy controls (P = .01) in the preoperative as well as in the late postoperative period (P = .006 and P = .02, respectively). However, there was no change from preoperative to late postoperative. CONCLUSION: Pre- and postoperative results show that patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer present lymphoproliferation diminished before the surgery, and in the late postoperative period, there was no recovery of immune capacity evaluated by lymphoproliferation measurement.