Identification of cardiovascular risk factors associated with bone marrow cell subsets in patients with STEMI: a biorepository evaluation from the CCTRN TIME and LateTIME clinical trials.

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) therapy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has produced inconsistent results, possibly due to BM-MNC product heterogeneity. Patient-specific cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) may contribute to variations in BM-MNC composition. We sought to identify associations between BM-MNC subset frequencies and specific CRFs in STEMI patients. Bone marrow was collected from 191 STEMI patients enrolled in the CCTRN TIME and LateTIME trials. Relationships between BM-MNC subsets and CRFs were determined with multivariate analyses. An assessment of CRFs showed that hyperlipidemia and hypertension were associated with a higher frequency of CD11b+ cells (P = 0.045 and P = 0.016, respectively). In addition, we found that females had lower frequencies of CD11b+ (P = 0.018) and CD45+CD14+ (P = 0.028) cells than males, age was inversely associated with the frequency of CD45+CD31+ cells (P = 0.001), smoking was associated with a decreased frequency of CD45+CD31+ cells (P = 0.013), glucose level was positively associated with the frequency of CD45+CD3+ cells, and creatinine level (an indicator of renal function) was inversely associated with the frequency of CD45+CD3+ cells (P = 0.015). In conclusion, the frequencies of monocytic, lymphocytic, and angiogenic BM-MNCs varied in relation to patients' CRFs. These phenotypic variations may affect cell therapy outcomes and might be an important consideration when selecting patients for and reviewing results from autologous cell therapy trials.

Prosthesis-patient mismatch affects long-term survival after mechanical valve replacement.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the degree of prosthesis-patient mismatch and long-term survival after mechanical aortic valve replacement. METHODS: Prospectively collected long-term follow-up data from 469 consecutive patients who underwent aortic valve replacement between 1995 and 1998 were reviewed. The indexed effective orifice area was derived from the reference normal values of effective orifice area divided by the patient's body surface area. Outcome was stratified according to the severity of prosthesis-patient mismatch: moderate mismatch was defined as 0.65 to 0.85 cm(2)/m(2) and severe mismatch as less than 0.65 cm(2)/m(2). The Cox proportional-hazards model with propensity score adjustment was used to adjust for the observed differences in baseline characteristics between the mismatch groups. RESULTS: The degree of prosthesis-patient mismatch was minimal in 57% of patients, moderate in 39%, and severe in 4%. Predictors of clinically significant mismatch included small aortic valve sizes (19 and 21 mm), obesity, age greater than 65 years, and class III or IV heart failure. During a median follow-up period of approximately 7.9 years, overall survival was 77% in patients with minimal mismatch, 63% in those with moderate mismatch, and only 47% in those with severe mismatch (P < .001). Moderate or severe mismatch was a significant predictor of poorer survival (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.3; P < .01), even after adjustment for all significant clinical predictors (ie, propensity score; hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.5; P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: In a large aortic valve surgery population, prosthesis-patient mismatch occurred in 43% of patients, and those with significant mismatch had worse long-term outcomes than those with minimal mismatch.

Right-to-left interatrial shunt with hypoxemia caused by a right atrial thrombus.

A right-to-left shunt in the presence of normal pulmonary artery pressure is an unusual cause of hypoxemia in an adult who has a patent foramen ovale. We report a rare case of such a shunt-the result of a right atrial thrombus that formed in a hypercoagulable patient after placement of an indwelling central venous catheter for chemotherapy. In order to ascertain the nature of the right atrial mass and to decrease the risk of systemic embolization, the thrombus was surgically removed with the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass.