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1.
Obes Sci Pract ; 8(4): 423-432, 2022 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35949279

ABSTRACT

Background: Obesity has been described as a risk factor for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Previous studies report a linear association between BMI and adverse outcomes, meanwhile in other critical illness, excessive fat tissue is related to improved survival. Whether different BMI is related with the survival of patients with severe COVID-19 deserves further analysis. Objective: To determine the mortality rate among hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 stratified according to BMI. Methods: The clinical files of all patients hospitalized from March to December 2020 with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 discharged due to improvement or death, were analyzed. A mixed effects logistic regression was carried out to determine which clinical and biochemical characteristics and comorbidities were associated with in-hospital mortality. Results: The cohort consisted of 608 patients with a median age of 59 years (interquartile ranges, IQR 46-69 years), median BMI of 28.7 kg/m2 (IQR 25.4-32.4 kg/m2), 65.5% were male. In-hospital mortality rate was 43.4%. Of the cohort 0.8% had low weight, 20.9% normal weight, 36.0% overweight, 26.5% obesity grade I, 10.2% obesity grade II and 5.6% obesity grade III. Mortality rate was highest in patients with low weight (80%), followed by patients with obesity grade III (58.8%) and grade II (50.0%). Overweight and underweight/obesity grade III were associated with higher mortality (OR of 9.75 [1.01-1.10] and OR 4.08 [1.64-10.14]), after adjusting by sex and age. Conclusions: The patients in the underweight/overweight and grade 3 obesity categories are at higher risk of COVID-19 related mortality, compared to those with grade I or II obesity.

2.
Infectio ; 25(4): 300-302, oct.-dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1286727

ABSTRACT

Resumen Caso reporte de una enfermedad infrecuente, aproximadamente 1% de las artritis sépticas son esternoclavicular, con poca respuesta a antibioterapia intravenosa, requiriendo manejo quirúrgico agresivo, el siguiente caso narra la excelente respuesta con el uso de perlas de sulfato de calcio impregnadas con antibióticos, existiendo en la literatura sólo casos reportes sobre su uso.


Abstract Case report of an infrequent disease, approximately 1% of septic arthritis are sternoclavicular, with little response to intravenous antibiotic therapy, requiring ag gressive surgical management, the following case narrates the excellent response with the use of calcium sulfate pearls impregnated with antibiotics, existing in the literature only cases reports on its use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Osteomyelitis , Calcium Sulfate , Arthritis, Infectious , Disease
3.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(6): 563-568, nov.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249968

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Los índices neutrófilo/linfocito (INL) y linfocito/proteína C reactiva (ILR) se usan para predecir severidad y mortalidad en diversas infecciones. Objetivo: Establecer en México el mejor punto de corte de INL e ILR para predecir la mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Método: Estudio transversal analítico de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 grave en un hospital de especialidades. Resultados: Falleció 34 % de 242 pacientes analizados. Los sujetos fallecidos tenían mayor edad (62 versus 51 años, p < 0.001), mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica > 10 años (59.4 versus 45.1 %, p = 0.022), así como INL más alto (17.66 versus 8.31, p < 0.001) e ILR más bajo (0.03 versus 0.06, p < 0.002) respecto a quienes sobrevivieron. Los puntos de corte para predecir mortalidad fueron INL > 12 e ILR < 0.03. La combinación de INL e ILR tuvo sensibilidad de 80 %, especificidad de 74 %, valor predictivo positivo de 46.15 %, valor predictivo negativo de 93.02 % y razón de momios de 11.429 para predecir la mortalidad. Conclusión: INL > 12 e ILR < 0.03 son biomarcadores útiles para evaluar el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes mexicanos con COVID-19 grave.


Abstract Introduction: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (LCR) ratios are used to predict severity and mortality in various infections. Objective: To establish the best NLR and LCR cutoff point to predict mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Mexico. Method: Analytical cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in a specialty hospital. Results: Out of 242 analyzed patients, 34 % died. The deceased subjects were older (62 vs. 51 years; p < 0.001), had a higher prevalence of > 10 years with systemic arterial hypertension (59.4 vs. 45.1 %, p = 0.022), as well as a higher NLR (17.66 vs. 8.31, p < 0.001) and lower LCR (0.03 vs. 0.06, p < 0.002] with regard to those who survived. The cutoff points to predict mortality were NLR > 12 and LCR < 0.03. The combination of NLR/LCR had a sensitivity of 80 %, specificity of 74 %, positive predictive value of 46.15 %, negative predictive value of 93.02 % and an odds ratio of 11.429 to predict mortality. Conclusion: NLR > 12 and LCR < 0.03 are useful biomarkers to evaluate the risk of mortality in Mexican patients with severe COVID- 19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Lymphocytes/metabolism , COVID-19/physiopathology , Neutrophils/metabolism , Severity of Illness Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , COVID-19/mortality , Mexico/epidemiology
4.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 67(1): 25-33, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32447865

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the treatment of choice for humoral primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). A third of the patients who receive intravenous immunoglobulin have adverse reactions, such as osmotic nephrosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of kidney disease in adults with humoral PIDs, in treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study of patients who belong to the PID Clinic of the Specialties Hospital of the National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", Mexico City, who receive treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. A questionnaire with demographic information, 24h urine creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, urea, and BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) was applied. RESULTS: 35 patients were surveyed; 65.7 % were women; the average age was 34 years; 51.4 % of the patients presented kidney damage. Those with > 5 years of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin presented chronic kidney disease (CKD) with more frequency (55.6 %) according to the KDOQI scale. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic kidney disease occurs in 51 % of adult patients with PID who have been treated with intravenous immunoglobulin for more than 5 years; which is why these patients require periodic evaluations of their kidney function, and the use of sugar-free immunoglobulin in order to reduce the risk.


Antecedentes: La inmunoglobulina intravenosa es el tratamiento de elección para inmunodeficiencias primarias (IDP) humorales. Un tercio de los pacientes que reciben inmunoglobulina intravenosa presenta reacciones adversas, como nefrosis osmótica. Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de enfermedad renal en adultos con IDP humorales y en tratamiento con inmunoglobulina intravenosa. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y observacional de pacientes pertenecientes a la Clínica de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias del Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, que reciben tratamiento con inmunoglobulina intravenosa. Se les aplicó un cuestionario con datos demográficos, depuración de creatinina en orina de 24 horas, creatinina sérica, urea y análisis de nitrógeno ureico en sangre. Resultados: Se encuestó a 35 pacientes, 65.7 % fue del sexo femenino; la edad promedio fue de 34 años; 51.4 % presentó daño renal, con mayor frecuencia enfermedad renal crónica (55.6 %) cuando tenían más de cinco años de tratamiento con inmunoglobulina intravenosa, de acuerdo con la escala de la Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Conclusiones: La enfermedad renal crónica se presenta en 51 % de los pacientes adultos con IDP en tratamiento con inmunoglobulina intravenosa por más de cinco años, por lo que esta población requiere evaluación periódica de la función renal y utilización de inmunoglobulina sin azúcares para reducir el riesgo.


Subject(s)
Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/adverse effects , Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/drug therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult
5.
Gac Med Mex ; 156(6): 553-558, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33877103

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (LCR) ratios are used to predict severity and mortality in various infections. OBJECTIVE: To establish the best NLR and LCR cutoff point to predict mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Mexico. METHOD: Analytical cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in a specialty hospital. RESULTS: Out of 242 analyzed patients, 34 % died. The deceased subjects were older (62 vs. 51 years; p < 0.001), had a higher prevalence of > 10 years with systemic arterial hypertension (59.4 vs. 45.1 %, p = 0.022), as well as a higher NLR (17.66 vs. 8.31, p < 0.001) and lower LCR (0.03 vs. 0.06, p < 0.002) with regard to those who survived. The cutoff points to predict mortality were NLR > 12 and LCR < 0.03. The combination of NLR/LCR had a sensitivity of 80 %, specificity of 74 %, positive predictive value of 46.15 %, negative predictive value of 93.02 % and an odds ratio of 11.429 to predict mortality. CONCLUSION: NLR > 12 and LCR < 0.03 are useful biomarkers to evaluate the risk of mortality in Mexican patients with severe COVID- 19. INTRODUCCIÓN: Los índices neutrófilo/linfocito (INL) y linfocito/proteína C reactiva (ILR) se usan para predecir severidad y mortalidad en diversas infecciones. OBJETIVO: Establecer en México el mejor punto de corte de INL e ILR para predecir la mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal analítico de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 grave en un hospital de especialidades. RESULTADOS: Falleció 34 % de 242 pacientes analizados. Los sujetos fallecidos tenían mayor edad (62 versus 51 años, p < 0.001), mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica > 10 años (59.4 versus 45.1 %, p = 0.022), así como INL más alto (17.66 versus 8.31, p < 0.001) e ILR más bajo (0.03 versus 0.06, p < 0.002) respecto a quienes sobrevivieron. Los puntos de corte para predecir mortalidad fueron INL > 12 e ILR < 0.03. La combinación de INL e ILR tuvo sensibilidad de 80 %, especificidad de 74 %, valor predictivo positivo de 46.15 %, valor predictivo negativo de 93.02 % y razón de momios de 11.429 para predecir la mortalidad. CONCLUSIÓN: INL > 12 e ILR < 0.03 son biomarcadores útiles para evaluar el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes mexicanos con COVID-19 grave.


Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , COVID-19/physiopathology , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Neutrophils/metabolism , Adult , Aged , COVID-19/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index
6.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 58(Supl 1): S97-S103, 2020 04 27.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34695321

ABSTRACT

Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In Mexico, its prevalence has been reported up to 49.8%, significantly higher than in other countries. In the last 30 years there has been an increase in breast cancer incidence in Mexico, becoming the most frequent and deadly neoplasm in 2018. Since the late 1990s, several observational studies have identified an association between metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of breast cancer. At least 3 interrelated mechanisms that explain the risk increase of cancer associated with metabolic syndrome are postulated: the increase in estrogen levels derived from adipose tissue, hyperinsulinemia and its anabolic effect on epithelial cells and the endocrine effect of abdominal fat. The components of metabolic syndrome associated with an increased risk of breast cancer are: type 2 diabetes with a relative risk of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.16-1.39), obesity in postmenopausal women with a relative risk of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.14-1.70) and low HDL cholesterol levels have demonstrated an increased risk.


El síndrome metabólico es un conjunto de factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus. En México, su prevalencia se ha reportado en un 49.8%, siendo notablemente mayor que en otros países del mundo. En los últimos 30 años se ha observado un incremento en la incidencia de cáncer de mama en México, alcanzando a ser la neoplasia con mayor frecuencia y mortalidad en el año 2018. A finales de la década de los noventa, múltiples estudios observacionales identificaron una asociación entre síndrome metabólico y un incremento en el riesgo de cáncer de mama. Actualmente se postulan, por lo menos, tres mecanismos interrelacionados que explican el incremento en el riesgo de cáncer asociado a síndrome metabólico: el primero de ellos es el aumento en los niveles de estrógenos derivados del tejido adiposo, en segundo lugar la hiperinsulinemia y su efecto anabólico sobre las células epiteliales y, finalmente, el efecto endócrino de la grasa abdominal. Los componentes del síndrome metabólico asociados a un incremento en el riesgo de cáncer de mama son: diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con un riesgo relativo de 1.27 (IC95%: 1.16-1.39), la obesidad en mujeres posmenopáusicas con un riesgo relativo de 1.39 (IC95%: 1.14-1.70) y, finalmente, los niveles bajos de HDL que han mostrado un incremento en el riesgo.

7.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 54(1): 128-36, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26820215

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Therefore, our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. METHODS: We systematically reviewed randomized clinical trials evaluating efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment (OPT) compared with inpatient treatment (IPT) of community-acquired pneumonia in patients without added co-morbidity. Relative Risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated. RESULTS: From 4088 reviewed articles, two articles were included for meta-analysis, including 2324 patients. One study was conducted in adults, and the other was carried out in pediatric patients. Treatment setting was not significantly associated with treatment failure (RR 0.84 [95% CI 0.68, 1.02]). Death occurred in 6 of 2324 with no difference between the two groups (RR 0.56 [95 % CI 0.12-2.61]). Finally, no differences were seen in hospital readmission between groups (RR 0.82 [95 % CI 0.52-1.30]). CONCLUSION: Evidence shows that treatment setting of community-acquired pneumonia is not statistically associated with treatment failure or mortality.


Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es un problema serio de salud a nivel mundial. El objetivo es evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento ambulatorio de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática y un metaaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que evaluaran la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento ambulatorio (TA) comparado con el hospitalario (TH) de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, en pacientes sin comorbilidad agregada. Se calcularon riesgos relativos (RR) e intervalos de confianza al 95 % (IC 95 %). Resultados: Se identificaron 4088 títulos, solo dos artículos fueron incluidos en el metaanálisis, uno realizado en adultos y el otro en población pediátrica. Se incluyeron 2324 pacientes. El TA presentó menos fallas que el TH ( TA 12.6 frente a TH 15.21 %, RR 0.84 [IC 95% 0.68-1.02]). En relación con la seguridad se presentaron dos defunciones (0.17 %) en el TA y cuatro en el TH (0.34 %) (RR 0.56 [IC 95 % 0.12-2.61]). Finalmente, tampoco encontramos diferencia en la readmisión hospitalaria entre los grupos (RR 0.82 [IC 95 % 0.52-1.30]). Conclusión: la evidencia muestra que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tratamiento ambulatorio y el tratamiento hospitalario de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad.


Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care , Pneumonia/therapy , Community-Acquired Infections/mortality , Community-Acquired Infections/therapy , Humans , Pneumonia/mortality , Treatment Outcome
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