ABSTRACT
The production of PER-like extended-spectrum ß-lactamases has recently been associated with reduced susceptibility to the last resort drugs aztreonam/avibactam and cefiderocol. PER-2 has been mainly confined to Argentina and neighboring countries. Until now, only three plasmids harboring blaPER-2 genes have been characterized but very little is known about the involvement of different plasmid groups in its dissemination. The diversity of genetic platforms associated with blaPER-2 genes from a collection of PER-producing Enterobacterales was analysed by describing the close environment and the plasmid backbones. Full sequences of 11 plasmids were obtained by short read (Illumina) and long read (Oxford Nanopore or PacBio) sequencing technologies. De novo assemblies, annotation and sequence analysis were performed by Unicycler, Prokka and BLAST. Plasmid analysis revealed that the blaPER-2 gene is encoded on plasmids of different incompatibility groups (A, C, FIB, HI1B, N2), indicating that this gene may have been disseminated through a variety of plasmids. Comparison with the few publicly available nucleotide sequences describing the blaPER-2 genetic environment, including those from the environmental species Pararheinheimera spp. (considered as the progenitor of blaPER genes), indicates a role of ISPa12 in blaPER-2 gene mobilization from the chromosome of Pararheinheimera spp. Also, the blaPER-2 gene was carried by a novel ISPa12-composite transposon, Tn7390. In addition, its association with ISKox2-like elements in the close genetic environment in all plasmids analysed suggests a role of these insertion sequence elements in further dissemination of blaPER-2 genes.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chromatiaceae , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , beta-Lactamases/genetics , beta-Lactamases/metabolism , Plasmids/genetics , DNA Transposable Elements/genetics , Base Sequence , Chromatiaceae/geneticsABSTRACT
Abstract Metallo-p-lactamases (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates have been well characterized. Quinolones are commonly used in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa infections; however, data about PMQR in this species are scarce. The objective of this study was to report the simultaneous presence of qnrS and blaV-M-n in P. aeruginosa, and to characterize the qnrS-harboring plasmid. Thirty-eight carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from a hospital in Buenos Aires during 2012. Screening forMBL was assessed by the double disk synergy test using EDTA and carbapenem discs. Plasmid DNA extraction was performed by a method using phenol-chloroform. PCR followed by sequencing was carried out to determine each MBL and PMQR allele. PCR-BseGI-RFLP was performed to detect aac-(6')-Ib-cr. The gyrA-QRDR was sequenced in those PMQR-harboring isolates. Plasmid incompatibility groups and addiction systems were characterized by PCR. The PMQR-carrying plasmid was sequenced using Illumina technology, annotated using RAST and manually curated. Eleven/38 isolates were VIM producers (blaVIM-2 and blaVIM-11) while 1/38 harbored blaIMP-13. One isolate harbored blaVIM-11 and the PMQR qnrSI; however, both markers were located in different plasmids. The qnrSí-harboring plasmid (pP6qnrS1) was 117 945 bp in size, presented 154 CDS and corresponded to the IncR group. In addition to qnrSI, it harbored several aminoglycoside resis-tance markers. Although pP6qnrS1 was non-conjugative, it presented an oriT which made it possible for this plasmid to be transferable. This is the first report on P. aeruginosa carrying both blaVIM-11 and qnrSI, plus the first detection of an IncR plasmid in Argentina.
Resumen Las quinolonas son comúnmente utilizadas en el tratamiento de las infecciones producidas por Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a carbapenems (PARC); aun así, la información sobre la resistencia a quinolonas mediada por plásmidos (PMQR) en esta especie es escasa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reportar la presencia simultánea de los genes qnrS y blaVIM-11 en PARC y caracterizar el plásmido portador de qnrS. Durante 2012 se recuperaron 38 PARC en un hospital de Buenos Aires. El tamizaje para detectar producción de metalo-beta-lactamasas (MBL) se llevó a cabo mediante sinergia de doble disco utilizando EDTA y carbapenems. El ADN plasmídico fue extraído utilizando fenolcloroformo. Para determinar los alelos de los genes implicados en la síntesis de MBL y de PMQR, se llevó a cabo PCR-secuenciación. Para la detección de aac-(6')-Ib-cr se realizó PCR-BseGI-RFLP. En aquellos aislamientos portadores de PMQR se secuenció el gen gyrA. Los grupos de incompatibilidad y sistemas de adicción fueron caracterizados por PCR. El plásmido portador de PMQR fue secuenciado completamente y curado manualmente. De 38 aislamientos, 11 fueron productores de VIM (blaVIM-2 y blaVIM-11), mientras que uno contenía blaIMP-13. Si bien un aislamiento fue portador de blaVIM-11 y de qnrSI, dichos marcadores se encontraban en distintos plásmidos. El plásmido portador de qnrSI (pP6qnrS1) presentó un tamaño de 117.945 pby 154 secuencias codificantes (CDS); este correspondió al grupo de incompatibilidad IncR. Además de qnrSI, el plásmido portaba diversos marcadores de resistencia a aminoglucósidos. Aun cuando pP6qnrS1 no resultó conjugativo, presentó un oriT, de modo que posiblemente sea transferible. Este es el primer informe acerca de PARC portadora de blaVIM-11 y de qnrSI en simultáneo, además, es la primera descripción de un plásmido IncR en Argentina.
Subject(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa , beta-Lactamases , Plasmids/genetics , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Carbapenems , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of class 1 integrons in a collection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from different origins and to characterize pheno- and genotypically the antimicrobial resistance associated to them. A collection of 649 isolates were screened for the class 1 integrase gene (intI1) by Polymerase chain reaction The variable region of class 1 integrons was amplified and sequenced. Positive strains were evaluated for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes with microarray and for antimicrobial susceptibility by the disk diffusion method. Seven out of 649 STEC strains some to serogroups, O26, O103 and O130 isolated from cattle, chicken burger, farm environment and pigs were identified as positive for intl1. Different arrangements of gene cassettes were detected in the variable region of class 1 integron: dfrA16, aadA23 and dfrA1-aadA1. In almost all strains, phenotypic resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and sulfisoxazole was observed. Microarray analyses showed that most of the isolates carried four or more antimicrobial resistance markers and STEC strains were categorized as Multridrug-resistant. Although antimicrobials are not usually used in the treatment of STEC infections, the presence of Multridrug-resistant in isolates collected from farm and food represents a risk for animal and human health.
ABSTRACT
The bacterium, Inquilinus limosus, with its remarkable antimicrobial multiresistant profile, has increasingly been isolated in cystic fibrosis patients. We report draft genome sequence of a strain MP06, which is of considerable interest in elucidating the associated mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and for an insight about its persistence in airways of these patients.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Genome, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Rhodospirillaceae/genetics , Base Sequence , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Rhodospirillaceae/drug effectsABSTRACT
The bacterium, Inquilinus limosus, with its remarkable antimicrobial multiresistant profile, has increasingly been isolated in cystic fibrosis patients. We report draft genome sequence of a strain MP06, which is of considerable interest in elucidating the associated mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and for an insight about its persistence in airways of these patients.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Base Sequence/drug effects , Base Sequence/genetics , Base Sequence/microbiology , Base Sequence/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/pharmacology , Genome, Bacterial/drug effects , Genome, Bacterial/genetics , Genome, Bacterial/microbiology , Genome, Bacterial/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/genetics , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/pharmacology , Humans/drug effects , Humans/genetics , Humans/microbiology , Humans/pharmacology , Molecular Sequence Data/drug effects , Molecular Sequence Data/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data/microbiology , Molecular Sequence Data/pharmacology , Rhodospirillaceae/drug effects , Rhodospirillaceae/genetics , Rhodospirillaceae/microbiology , Rhodospirillaceae/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A novel series of neutral and cationic dimeric surfactants were prepared involving ketalization reaction, Williamson etherification, and regioselective oxirane ring opening with primary and tertiary alkyl amines. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (gamma(CMC)), surface excess concentration (Gamma), and area per molecule at the interface (A) were determined and values indicate that the cationic series is characterized by good surface-active and self-aggregation properties. For the first time, we reported the antimicrobial activities against representative bacteria and fungi for dimeric compounds. The antimicrobial activity was found to be dependent on the target microorganism (Gram-positive bacteria > fungi > Gram-negative bacteria), as well as both the neutral or ionic nature (cationic > neutral) and alkyl chain length (di-C(12) > di-C(18) > di-C(8)) of the compounds. The cationic di-C(12) derivative was found to have equipotent activity to that of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) used as standard.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Surface-Active Agents/chemistry , Surface-Active Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Diffusion/drug effects , Dimerization , Fungi/drug effects , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Surface Properties/drug effects , Surface Tension/drug effects , Surface-Active Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Clindamycin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Erythromycin/pharmacology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Ampicillin/pharmacology , Argentina/epidemiology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/physiology , Methyltransferases/genetics , Methyltransferases/physiology , Ofloxacin/pharmacology , Penicillins/pharmacology , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus agalactiae/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
The presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons was investigated in four pediatric isolates of Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). A class 1 integron was detected in one S. Typhimurium strain, the only one that also showed resistance to various aminoglycoside antibiotics. This integron, called InJR06, and the aminoglycoside resistance determinants were located in pS06, a large (≥ 55 kb) conjugative plasmid. A single mobile cassette (encoding the aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase ANT(3)-Ia) was detected in the variable region of InJR06, while the architecture of the attI1 and attC sites was conserved (AU)
Se investigó la presencia de integrones de clase 1, 2 y 3 en cuatro aislamientos pediátricos de Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Un integrón de clase 1 se detectó en una cepa de S. Typhimurium, la única que además presentaba resistencia a varios antibióticos aminoglucósidos. Este integrón, llamado InJR06, y los determinantes de resistencia a aminoglucósidos se localizaron en pS06, un plásmido conjugativo de tamaño grande (≥ 55 kb). El análisis de la región variable de InJR06 mostró que un casete génico codifica la aminoglucósido adeniltransferasa ANT(3)-Ia y que la arquitectura de los sitios attI1 y attC está conservada (AU)
