ABSTRACT
Meat color is considered one of the driving factors in consumer purchasing decisions. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of 2 different lighting sources on color and lipid oxidation of ground beef patties in a controlled environment. USDA Select top rounds ( = 20) were processed to produce ground beef at 2 different fat levels (5 and 25%) and made into patties (113.4 g). Patties were packaged with oxygen permeable polyvinyl chloride, assigned to one of three lighting treatments (low UV fluorescent [FLO], light emitting diode [LED], and no light [DRK, negative control]), and placed within deli cases at 5°C. Patty removal for evaluation occurred on retail display d 1, 3, 5, and 7. Objective color measurements were obtained using a HunterLab MiniScan 45/0 LAV. These values were utilized to determine myoglobin redox forms as a measure of myoglobin oxidation. Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured to indicate lipid oxidation. Objective color measurement for a* (redness), decreased for all light treatments by retail display day ( < 0.0001). Oxymyoglobin values for all light treatments decreased daily but showed no differences between treatments until d 5 ( < 0.0001) where DRK > LED > FLO. Conversely, metmyoglobin values increased daily ( < 0.0001), but showed no differences between treatments until d 5 where FLO > LED > DRK. TBARS values increased by day for each fat percentage ( < 0.0001) with 5% fat patties having higher TBARS values indicating great oxidation occurring in the phospholipids than adipose tissues. Results indicate that light treatment affected discoloration and metmyoglobin formation in ground beef patties LED lighting may lead to increased meat quality shelf life in a retail setting.
Subject(s)
Metmyoglobin/radiation effects , Myoglobin/radiation effects , Red Meat/radiation effects , Animals , Cattle , Color , Light , Lipid Metabolism , Metmyoglobin/metabolism , Myoglobin/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Red Meat/analysis , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysisABSTRACT
Abuse of the oral combination of glutethimide (DORIDEN) and codeine, commonly referred to as "sets", in the northwest Pennsylvania area is reviewed. Nine fatalities have been reported in the Erie area from 1985-87 due to acute toxicity with this combination. The glutethimide/codeine combination reportedly produces a euphoric effect comparable to intravenous heroin but is longer lasting. Age of the victims ranged from 18 to 37 years. In all cases there was a history of chronic intentional "sets" abuse by the victims prior to death. The 9 fatalities due to this combination of prescription drugs is unusually high for this area considering the population and rural nature of the Erie community. Although the use of "sets" has been reported occasionally in other localized areas of the country, no other significant use has been reported in Pennsylvania.