A concept analysis of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses.

AIM: To facilitate an understanding of the risk for psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses. DESIGN: Concept analysis. METHODS: The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was applied to 56 articles. The characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses were identified. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed articles in English from CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were reviewed on July 2023. RESULTS: The characteristics of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses are overwhelming distress, intrusive symptoms, avoidance and numbing behaviours, hypervigilance or hyperarousal, emotional dysregulation, cognitive distortions, and interpersonal challenges. The antecedents are exposure to one or more of the following nurse-specific traumas: natural or person-made disasters, historical role limitations, second victim situations, secondary trauma, system-mediated or over-medicalized care, insufficient resources, or workplace incivility. The consequences are disruptions in mental health, diminished physical health, alterations in relationships, and variable work performance. CONCLUSION: Labour and delivery nurses experience unique causes of psychological trauma due to their practice environment and patient population. The consequences of labour and delivery nurses' psychological trauma extend beyond individual health and impact the quality of patient care and organizational capacity. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Furthermore, research is needed to inform education, support and policy measures to mitigate harm effectively. WHAT PROBLEM DID THE STUDY ADDRESS?: Nurse-specific trauma theory has not been applied to the unique labour and delivery environment with a high incidence of patient trauma. WHAT WERE THE MAIN FINDINGS?: Multiple causes of trauma in the perinatal context have created a pervasive yet largely preventable issue. WHERE AND ON WHOM WILL THE RESEARCH HAVE AN IMPACT?: This research will impact labour and delivery nurses, their leadership, and their patients. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Family experiences reported by healthcare worker parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: Parents, who were working as essential frontline healthcare workers experienced unique stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic including disruption of regular routines, long lapses away from family, extreme work stress and subsequent difficulty in compartmentalizing work-related concerns when at home. The purpose of this study was to assess COVID-19 exposure and impact of frontline healthcare workers who are parents. DESIGN & METHODS: This study quantitatively assessed the COVID-19 exposure and impact and qualitatively explored perceptions of parents of children 9 to 17 years of age, who were also frontline healthcare workers. RESULTS: Participants (N = 79) using the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS) reported exposure mean scores of 10.03 (SD = 2.63); and impact scores mean scores of 3.18 (SD = 0.46). Thematic analysis identified four themes, each with 2 subthemes: 1) family stressors increased (e.g., concerns about health and safety, losses of lifestyle patterns); 2) changes in children's health and well-being (e.g., isolation from family and friends, mental health problems); 3) virtual school difficulties (e.g., parent and student challenges, home school option); 4) skill building opportunities (e.g., enhanced emotional connections, increased family activities). CONCLUSION: The CHAMPS Family Health Study suggests that families of essential workers are especially vulnerable to the effect of COVID-19, as are those families of essential workers who include child/ren with special health care needs. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Preparation for future emergencies requires strategies to mitigate consequences and promote well-being. These results highlight the need for supportive approaches to decrease the negative consequences of stress and to augment skills for family connection and cooperation.

Effect of an Education Intervention on Nursing Students' Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Caring for Transgender and Nonbinary People.

BACKGROUND: Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people experience inequities in health care access, quality, and outcomes. Health care professionals' lack of knowledge and biased attitudes toward gender minorities contribute to inequitable care. PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of TGNB health education on nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about caring for TGNB clients. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study using a one-group pretest/posttest design was conducted with 46 nursing students at 2 private baccalaureate nursing programs. RESULTS: A paired-samples t test found a significant increase in knowledge about caring for TGNB clients at posttest (P = .02). Attitudes toward caring for TGNB clients showed a significant improvement in the Sex and Gender Beliefs subscale at posttest (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that TGNB health education is effective for inclusion in nursing curricula to better prepare nurses to care for gender-diverse clients.

Experiences of new nurses in the United States during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: This qualitative descriptive study describes the experiences of new nurses during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. BACKGROUND: New nurses faced the dual challenge of transitioning to practice while working during a global pandemic. Although multiple studies have described nurses' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, research is warranted to understand new nurses' experiences during the acute phase of the pandemic. METHODS: Registered nurses (n = 46) with less than two years of work experience, who participated in the COVID-19 Study and Registry of Healthcare and Support Personnel (CHAMPS), participated in this study. Thematic analysis was used to examine their responses. The COREQ guidelines were used in reporting this study. RESULTS: Five themes were extracted: feelings of increasing isolation, feelings of intense fear, personal health concerns, shattered and disrupted expectations, and living in a constant dilemma. DISCUSSION: New nurses described their distress and profound sense of isolation which was compounded by their status as new employees and being shunned by others. There was intense fear for their safety and health. They viewed their limited nursing experience with only COVID-19 patients as detrimental to their careers and encountered complex dilemmas and were obligated to make problematic choices. CONCLUSIONS: New nurses revealed unrelenting psychological and physical distress during the pandemic. Identification and implementation of strategies to address their distress and alleviate its negative consequences were needed but not provided. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: The development and implementation of policies to address the challenges new nurses encounter are needed. Action strategies to promote professional socialization and job retention are required.

A thematic analysis of shared experiences of essential health and support personnel in the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on individuals who interact with patients with SARS-CoV-2 but focused largely on clinicians in acute care settings. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to understand the experiences and well-being of essential workers across settings during the pandemic. BACKGROUND: Multiple studies of the well-being of individuals who have cared for patients during the pandemic have included interviews of clinicians from acute care settings and revealed high levels of stress. However, other essential workers have not been included in most of those studies, yet they may also experience stress. METHODS: Individuals who participated in an online study of anxiety, depression, traumatic distress, and insomnia, were invited to provide a free-text comment if they had anything to add. A total of 2,762 essential workers (e.g., nurses, physicians, chaplains, respiratory therapists, emergency medical technicians, housekeeping, and food service staff, etc.) participated in the study with 1,079 (39%) providing text responses. Thematic analysis was used to analyze those responses. RESULTS: Four themes with eight sub-themes were: Facing hopelessness, yet looking for hope; Witnessing frequent death; Experiencing disillusionment and disruption within the healthcare system, and Escalating emotional and physical health problems. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed major psychological and physical stress among essential workers. Understanding highly stressful experiences during the pandemic is essential to identify strategies that ameliorate stress and prevent its negative consequences. This study adds to the research on the psychological and physical impact of the pandemic on workers, including non-clinical support personnel often overlooked as experiencing major negative effects. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The magnitude of stress among all levels of essential workers suggests the need to develop strategies to prevent or alleviate stress across disciplines and all categories of workers.

Lived Experiences of Young Adults With Lymphoma During Acute Survivorship.

BACKGROUND: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are hematologic malignancies of the lymphatic system with increased prevalence in young adults. Numerous studies have examined the health-related quality of life dimensions in young adults with lymphoma; yet, limited research has investigated the experiences of this population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of young adults with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( n = 8) receiving acute treatment from one National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center in the Northeastern United States. METHODS: A qualitative interpretive phenomenological study design and method was applied to explore the lived experiences of young adults with lymphoma during acute survivorship. RESULTS: The participants lived experiences were shaped by the diagnostic challenges and impediments of cancer and lymphoma in young adults. Through postdiagnosis, they were determined to safeguard parents and close family members from the burden of cancer. The bonds between medical oncologists and nurses offered the participants a dynamic structure to endure acute survivorship. CONCLUSION: Cancer was challenging to diagnose in this sample of young adults with lymphoma. The presence of nurses was shown to be deeply impactful for young adults with lymphoma. More research is necessary to understand the experiences of young adults with lymphoma through extended or long-term survivorship. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Healthcare providers require additional education regarding the diagnostic guidelines in young adult patients with lymphoma. This study underscores the importance of well-defined and structured postdiagnosis survivorship care in young adults with lymphoma.

An uncertain time: Clinical nurses' first impressions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed the US healthcare system and healthcare providers. Nurses, who comprise one of the most affected groups because they are the largest group of healthcare providers, were in a unique position to speak about their perspectives. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses have experienced ongoing physical and psychological challenges while displaying strength and perseverance during uncertain times. In this study, we explored the perceptions and experiences of nurses in clinical practice caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the pandemic. Researchers conducted a qualitative descriptive study with 20 clinical nurses most of whom were enrolled in a graduate program while working in healthcare settings. Semi-structured interviews conducted through Zoom occurred between August 2020 and December 2020. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Five themes emerged: navigating uncertainty, managing death and loss, acknowledging emotional responses, learning opportunities, and facing community undercurrents. Lack of clinical practice guidelines, and inconsistent access to personal protective equipment when providing care to patients with COVID-19 caused emotional strain for nurses and highlighted future learning opportunities. Providing support to dying patients was devastating to nurses. Concern about community misunderstandings of the pandemic created challenges. Evolving teamwork provided invaluable support to study participants. Nurses shared essential information for revising and creating clinical practice guidelines. Nursing interventions and strategies were used to produce humane and positive patient outcomes and provide a foundation for nurse-driven care in possible future pandemics.

Vulnerability, loss, and coping experiences of health care workers and first responders during the covid-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic substantially affects health care workers from multiple disciplines, including nurses, physicians, therapists, and first responders. The aims of this study were to 1) explore and describe the experiences of health care workers and first responders working with individuals with COVID-19 infection, and 2) identify the support and strategies that were helpful during their experience. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted via online video interviews of 29 health care workers and first responders who agreed to be contacted for an interview. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes and corresponding subthemes. RESULTS: The three overriding themes were 1) experiencing vulnerability, 2) suffering loss and grief, and 3) coping with vulnerability. A sense of vulnerability and high levels of stress were described and affected participants during their professional work as health care workers and first responders as well as their roles in their homes and communities. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings indicate the need for effective measures to assist health care workers and first responders to minimize the negative consequences of persistent and severe stress and vulnerability as they care for individuals with COVID-19 and their families.

Psychological responses of hospital-based nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: A cross-sectional study.

Studies show decreased well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for healthcare providers from Asia. Less is known about the psychological responses of working during the pandemic on hospital-based registered nurses (RNs) in the United States (US). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to report the well-being of U.S.-based hospital RNs working during the initial acute phase of COVID-19 and compare it with well-being among healthcare workers described in two global meta-analyses. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in May-June 2020 (N = 467). Well-being was measured using the following tools: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 for depressive symptoms, Impact of Events Scale-Revised for traumatic stress, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Compared with global rates from two meta-analyses, US-based RNs reported significantly more traumatic stress (54.6% vs. 11.4% and 21.5%; p < .001) and depressive symptoms (54.6% vs. 31.8% and 21.7%; p < .001). Rates of insomnia were also higher in U.S.-based RNs than in the meta-analysis that reported insomnia (32.4% vs 27.8%; p < .033). Rates of anxiety symptoms among US-based RNs did not differ from that reported in one meta-analysis (37.3% vs. 34.4%), while it was significantly higher in the other (37.3% vs. 22.1%; p < .001). Hospital-based RNs from the US exhibited over twice the rates of trauma and nearly double the rates of depressive symptoms than shown in reports from hospital workers globally during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lasting effects of this distress are unknown and warrant ongoing evaluation and solutions to better support emotional well-being and prevent burnout in the workplace.

Original Research: Nurses' Experiences of Caring for Patients and Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Communication Challenges.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the perceptions and experiences of nurses caring for patients and families under the COVID-19 pandemic's socially restrictive practices and policies. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 global pandemic has affected the delivery of health care to patients and their families, with many aspects altered because of the need for social distancing, social isolation, and visitation restriction policies. These policies have created communication challenges for interdisciplinary health care teams, patients, and families. As frontline caregivers, nurses have felt strongly the impact of these challenges. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among 17 RNs who were caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and were recruited via social media posts on Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Watson's theory of human caring served as the conceptual framework for the study. RESULTS: Several themes emerged regarding nurses' experiences of communication with patients and families. These include communication challenges and barriers, prioritization, integration of group communication, nurse self-reflection, and acceptance of gratitude. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings underscore the importance of nurses' communication with patients and families under the pandemic's restricted conditions. They demonstrate the value of nurses' ability to innovate in fostering all parties' participation in the plan of care, and highlight the comfort nurses provide to patients who are isolated from loved ones. Strategies that fostered communication were identified, as were areas for further research.

The COVID-19 Study of Healthcare and Support Personnel (CHAMPS): Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Early in the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was evident that health care workers, first responders, and other essential workers would face significant stress and workplace demands related to equipment shortages and rapidly growing infections in the general population. Although the effects of other sources of stress on health have been documented, the effects of these unique conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the long-term health and well-being of the health care workforce are not known. OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 Study of Healthcare and Support Personnel (CHAMPS) was designed to document early and longitudinal effects of the pandemic on the mental and physical health of essential workers engaged in health care. We will investigate mediators and moderators of these effects and evaluate the influence of exposure to stress, including morbidity and mortality, over time. We will also examine the effect of protective factors and resilience on health outcomes. METHODS: The study cohort is a convenience sample recruited nationally through communities, professional organizations, networks, social media, and snowball sampling. Recruitment took place for 13 months to obtain an estimated sample of 2762 adults who provided self-reported information administered on the web through structured questionnaires about their work environment, mental and physical health, and psychosocial factors. Follow-up questionnaires will be administered after 6 months and annually thereafter to ascertain changes in health, well-being, and lifestyle. Participants who consented to be recontacted form the longitudinal cohort and the CHAMPS Registry may be contacted to ascertain their interest in ancillary studies for which they may be eligible. RESULTS: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and launched in May 2020, with grants from Travere Therapeutics Inc, McKesson Corporation, anonymous donors, and internal funding from the M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing at Villanova University. Recruitment ended in June 2021 after enrolling 2762 participants, 1534 of whom agreed to participate in the longitudinal study and the registry as well as to be contacted about eligibility for future studies. CONCLUSIONS: The CHAMPS Study and Registry will enable the acquisition of detailed data on the effects of extended psychosocial and workplace stress on morbidity and mortality and serve as a platform for ancillary studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04370821; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04370821. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/30757.

Cancer survivorship and quality of life outcomes of adolescents and young adults with lymphoma: An integrative review.

PURPOSE: Lymphoma is a common hematologic malignancy of adolescents and young adults. Cancer survivorship and quality of life are two outcomes studied to measure the types and scope of problems cancer patients experience leading to diagnosis, treatment, and long-term survivorship. This integrative literature review aims to review published literature in the adolescent and young adult lymphoma population, emphasizing cancer survivorship and quality of life outcomes. METHODS: The integrative review framework by Whittemore and Knafl was used as the guideline for this study. A literature search of three relevant health science databases, including PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Ovid Emcare, was completed. RESULTS: Twelve publications were included in the review, including ten quantitative and two qualitative studies. The studies consisted of sample populations from the United States, England, Germany, and the Netherlands; one study was an international, Children's Oncology Group study. The included studies detailed the cancer survivorship and quality of life outcomes of young adults with lymphoma by quantitative retrospective and longitudinal analysis; two studies used descriptive qualitative and grounded theory methods. The limited qualitative and longitudinal research in adolescents and young adults with lymphoma demonstrates a gap in the lived experience of this cancer population and the adherence to long-term survivorship recommendations. CONCLUSION: Future research in adolescents and young adults with lymphoma should employ longitudinal and qualitative designs to examine the quality of life from diagnosis through extended survivorship, and the experiences at diagnosis, treatment, post-treatment, and long-term follow up.

Nurse Faculty Experiences Teaching Chronic Illness Self-Management Concepts: An Exploratory Study.

AIM: The aim of the study was to explore how nurse faculty prepare students to teach chronic disease self-management. BACKGROUND: Self-management addresses patient activities in response to a change in baseline health. Evidence suggests nurses may not be educated on how to engage patients in chronic disease self-management. METHOD: This qualitative study used semistructured interviews to explore experiences of 13 nurse faculty across three universities in preparing nursing students to address self-management concepts for adults living with chronic disease. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from 104 identified significant statements: conceptualizing and valuing chronic disease self-management in nursing education, making chronic disease self-management fit, and sharing the impact of health care reform on chronic disease care. CONCLUSION: Self-management is regarded as highly complex and evolving. As such, nursing education curricula must also evolve to emphasize successful approaches to preventing chronic disease and incorporating chronic disease self-management and behavior modification in the curriculum.

A Meta-Ethnography of the Experiences of Adults with Lymphoma During Acute and Chronic Survivorship.

OBJECTIVES: The acute and chronic phases of cancer survivorship are the periods of treatment, post-treatment, and early remission. During acute and chronic survivorship, adults with lymphoma have reported both positive and negative changes in health-related quality of life. This meta-ethnography aims to appraise the experiences of adults with lymphoma at the acute and chronic survivorship phases. DATA SOURCES: This qualitative review used the established meta-ethnography framework from Noblit and Hare and is outlined following the meta-ethnography reporting guidance (eMERGe). A systematic literature search using four unique databases was completed, including the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Ovid Emcare, and Clarivate Web of Science. CONCLUSION: In total, nine research studies were included in this review. Study characteristics and sample evidence were extracted from the included studies to produce the synthesis. The review and synthesis formed three main themes and six subthemes that reflect the challenges of cancer treatment and post-treatment, the communication and support from others, and how lymphoma patients reframe and reprioritize during and following treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This meta-ethnography provides a comprehensive analysis of adults' experiences with lymphoma at the acute and chronic survivorship phases. Several approaches for the management and care of lymphoma patients were found in this review, including integrating patient support groups from diagnosis through post-treatment, tailored psychological health care services, personalized care and delivery pathways at post-treatment, and the promotion of strategies to cope with cancer in remission. Additional research should examine younger and older adults to discover age-related issues in lymphoma populations in addition to disparities among minority patients with lymphoma and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds.

A concept analysis of remission within the domain of cancer survivorship.

AIM: This concept analysis aims to formulate a unique theoretical definition of the term remission as used in cancer survivorship. BACKGROUND: Inadequate communication between healthcare providers and cancer survivors is a shared burden affecting survivor well-being. Healthcare providers regularly use the term remission in cancer prognosis, treatment, and long-term cancer management; yet, how healthcare providers and cancer survivors define and interpret the concept of remission is less understood. DESIGN: The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was applied to define the term remission within the domain of cancer survivorship. DATA SOURCE: Three health sciences databases were chosen for the literature search, including PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Ovid Medline. REVIEW METHODS: Included research articles were evaluated to define the antecedents, attributes, consequences, and empirical referents of the term remission. RESULTS: A cancer diagnosis is the most commonly cited antecedent to cancer remission. During remission, most cancer patients are free of measurable or symptomatic disease; however, the remission milestone is complemented by multiple physical and psychological symptoms. More specific cancer remission attributes include anxiety, recurrence fears, self-perseverance, and loss of social support. Both positive and negative outcomes accompany cancer remission, including acceptance of the treatment journey, appreciation for life, hope, persistent anxiety, personal relief, and triggered memories. CONCLUSIONS: This concept analysis reviewed numerous publications to understand remission in the context of cancer survivorship. Advanced practice and registered nurses have a continued opportunity to improve the communication methods of patient-centered teaching and care planning for cancer patients in remission.

Factors associated with health-related quality of life in PACE participants.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important measure of how health and illness affect the lives of older adults. This study aimed to determine the relationship between frailty, fear of falling, and depression with HRQoL in nursing home eligible community-dwelling older adults. A cross-sectional correlational design and chart review were conducted. Eighty four participants (mean age = 70.33 [SD = 6.33]) were surveyed on frailty, fear of falling, depression and physical and mental health measures of HRQoL. Increased frailty, fear of falling, and depression were associated with decreased physical and mental health and well-being. When controlling for sociodemographics, frailty and fear of falling were predictive of lower physical health and well-being whereas depression was independently predictive of lower mental health and well-being. The results of this study will assist in assessment and targeted interventions for modifiable risk factors that affect the HRQoL of nursing home eligible community-dwelling older adults.

Factors associated with the risk for falls in PACE participants.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to determine the relationship between frailty, fear of falling, and depression with falls risk in vulnerable community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational design and chart review were completed. Nursing home eligible older adults ≥55 who live in the community were surveyed on frailty, fear of falling, depression, and the risk for falls. Pearson's correlation, multiple regression and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Increased frailty, fear of falling, and depression were significantly associated with an increased risk for falls. Frailty and fear of falling were significant predictors of the risk for falls while depression did not contribute to the regression model. When controlling for sociodemographics, frailty, fear of falling, and incontinence were significant predictors for the risk for falls. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will assist in assessment and interventions to decrease the risk for falls in high risk older adults.

A Description of the Characteristics and Behaviors of Master Teachers in Nursing.

Master teachers are associated with achieving excellence in teaching; however, there are no research studies that describe master teachers in nursing. Based on an analysis of interview responses from eleven, experienced, full-time, undergraduate nurse educators, this qualitative study offers an empirically based description of characteristics and behaviors of master teachers in nursing. This description of master teachers provides nurse educators with characteristics and behaviors that may be needed to develop a master teacher practice. Increasing the number of master teachers in nursing could have implications for creating teaching criteria to evaluate teaching practice and develop professional development activities.

Compassion satisfaction: A concept analysis in nursing.

BACKGROUND: Nurses experience an intrinsic sense of fulfillment derived from their work in caring for other people. There is a need to further investigate the concept of compassion satisfaction as it is experienced in the profession of nursing. AIM: The aim of this analysis is to provide clarity to the concept of compassion satisfaction in nursing. DESIGN/DATA SOURCE: A search of social work and nursing literature was completed. The search terms "compassion satisfaction," "nursing," "social workers," "teachers," and "educators" were entered in various combinations to the CINAHL, Journals@Ovid, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsychINFO, ERIC, and Education Full Text databases. REVIEW METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature was completed to identify features of compassion satisfaction. Utilizing the Walker and Avant method, assumptions, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of compassion satisfaction were identified. RESULTS: A conceptual model of compassion satisfaction was developed encompassing 7 antecedents, 11 characteristics, and 8 consequences. Further, a theoretical definition of compassion satisfaction in nursing was derived. CONCLUSION: There is a need to focus on the positive effects of caring. This concept analysis provides the initial step to strengthening the science related to compassion satisfaction in nursing and other helping professions.

The lived experience of women in abusive relationships who sought spiritual guidance.

Women in abusive relationships have recognized the silence of religious institutions and clergy in addressing intimate partner violence. The old message, that women are to blame when family dysfunction occurs, remains evident in society. The objective of this qualitative study was to describe the experience of abused women attempting to decrease their spiritual distress and obtain spiritual guidance from their religious leaders. The findings revealed that clergy were not helpful in alleviating the women's spiritual distress or intervening in the violence. Four themes that epitomized the negative outcomes of the help-seeking behavior were spiritual suffering, devaluation, loss, and powerlessness.