Overweight and abdominal fat are associated with normal bone mineral density in patients with ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, nutritional risk factors for low BMD in the ulcerative colitis (UC) population are still poorly understood. AIM: To investigate the association of anthropometric indicators and body composition with BMD in patients with UC. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study on adult UC patients of both genders who were followed on an outpatient basis. A control group consisting of healthy volunteers, family members, and close people was also included. The nutritional indicators evaluated were body mass index (BMI), total body mass (TBM), waist circumference (WC), body fat in kg (BFkg), body fat in percentage (BF%), trunk BF (TBF), and also lean mass. Body composition and BMD assessments were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The sociodemographic characteristics of patients with UC (n = 68) were similar to those of healthy volunteers (n = 66) (P > 0.05). Most patients (97.0%) were in remission of the disease, 58.8% were eutrophic, 33.8% were overweight, 39.0% had high WC, and 67.6% had excess BF%. However, mean BMI, WC, BFkg, and TBF of UC patients were lower when compared to those of the control group (P < 0.05). Reduced BMD was present in 41.2% of patients with UC (38.2% with osteopenia and 2.9% with osteoporosis) and 3.0% in the control group (P < 0.001). UC patients with low BMD had lower BMI, TBM, and BFkg values than those with normal BMD (P < 0.05). Male patients were more likely to have low BMD (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-3.26). Those with excess weight (PR = 0.43; 95%CI: 0.19-0.97) and high WC (PR = 0.44; 95%CI: 0.21-0.94) were less likely to have low BMD. CONCLUSION: Patients with UC in remission have a high prevalence of metabolic bone diseases. Body fat appears to protect against the development of low BMD in these patients.

Avaliação antropométrica e sua associação com variáveis clínicas em pacientes pediátricos com fibrose cística de um centro no Nordeste brasileiro / Anthropometric assessment and its association with clinical variables in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis from a center in the northeast of Brazil

Introdução: a avaliação e o acompanhamento nutricional fazem parte do cuidado integral dos pacientes com fibrose cística (FC), possibilitando intervenção precoce e tratamento mais efetivo da doença. Objetivo: avaliar o estado antropométrico de crianças e adolescentes com FC e pesquisar sua associação com variáveis clínicas e demográficas. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, incluindo-se indivíduos entre 1-19 anos de idade. Foram registradas medidas de peso, estatura, circunferência do braço (CB) e da prega cutânea tricipital (PCT) e calculados indicadores antropométricos (Peso/Idade- P/I, Altura idade -A/I e IMC/idade-IMC/I) e Circunferência Muscular do Braço (CMB). Comparou-se o indicador CMB com variáveis clínicas e demográficas através do cálculo de razões de prevalência (RP). Resultados: foram incluídos 41 pacientes, 53,6% do sexo masculino, mediana de idade de 78 meses. Quinze (36,6%) pacientes foram classificados como desnutridos pela avaliação da CMB (P15, TRE, mutação F508/del e A/I<-2, observando-se maior associação com as três últimas, RP de 6,25, 3,12; e 2,06; respectivamente. Conclusão: o IMC pode não ser suficiente para a avaliação do estado nutricional na FC, pois subestima a prevalência de desnutrição. Com exceção das infecções respiratórias recorrentes, as demais variáveis tiveram associação com o indicador CMB

Introduction: the assessment and nutritional follow-up are part of the comprehensive care of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients enabling an early intervention and a more effective disease treatment. Objective: to assess the anthropometric status of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to investigate its association with clinical and demographic variables. Methodology: descriptive study, including individuals between 1-19 years of age. Weight, height, arm circumference (AC) and tricipital skinfold (TSF) measurements were recorded and anthropometric indicators were calculated (Weight/Age-W/A, Height age -H/A and BMI/age-BMI/A) and Muscle Circumference of the Arm (AMC). The AMC indicator was compared with clinical and demographic variables by calculating prevalence ratios (PR). Results: 41 patients were included, 53.6% male, median age 78 months. Fifteen (36.6%) patients were classified as malnourished by the AMC assessment ( P15, TRE, F508del variant and H/A <-2, with a greater association with the last three, PR of 6.25, 3.12; and 2.06; respectively. Conclusions: BMI may not be sufficient to assess nutritional status in CF since it underestimates the prevalence of malnutrition. Except for recurrent respiratory infections, the other variables were associated with the AMC indicator

Restriction of dairy products; a reality in inflammatory bowel disease patients / Restricción de productos lácteos; una realidad en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Introduction: Calcium deficiency is considered a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Various dietary restrictions, including milk products are reported by these patients. Objective: To evaluate dairy product and dietary calcium intake by IBD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 65 outpatients with IBD recruited from one reference center for IBD. Asemi-structured questionnaire (to collect demographic, socioeconomic and clinical data) and a quantitative food frequency questionnaire were administered. With regard to clinical data, we evaluated the anthropometric nutritional status, the disease classification, the disease activity index and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Self reported modifications in the use of dairy products were evaluated. Results: The IBD patients’ ages ranged from 20-75years and 67.0% were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. The majority (64.7%) reported restricting dairy products. The frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms was higher among the Crohn’s disease patients who restricted dairy products than among those with no restrictions (100%vs 42.9%; p = 0.013); this result was not observed among the UC (ulcerative colitis) patients. Disease activity was also more frequent in the IBD patients who restricted dairy products than in those with no restrictions (23.8%vs 4.5%; p = 0.031), and among the UC patients, extensive disease was more common in the patients who restricted dairy products than in those with no restrictions (42.9%vs 20.0%; p = 0.03).Conclusion: Restricting dairy products is common among IBD patients, possibly due to disease activity, the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the extension of the disease (AU)

Introducción: Se considera que la deficiencia de calcio es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de osteoporosis en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). En estos pacientes se han notificado diversas restricciones dietéticas. Objetivo: Evaluar la ingesta de productos lácteos y calcio de la dieta en pacientes con EII. Métodos: En este estudio cruzado se reclutaron 65 pacientes ambulatorios con EII procedentes de un centro de referencia para EII. Se administraron un cuestionario semi-estructurado (que recogía datos demográficos, socio-económicos y clínicos) y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimento. Con respecto a los datos clínicos, evaluamos el estado nutricional antropométrico, la clasificación de la enfermedad, el índice de actividad de la enfermedad y la presencia de síntomas gastrointestinales. Se evaluaron las modificaciones auto-notificadas en el uso de los productos lácteos. Resultados: Las edades de los pacientes con EII variaban entre los 20 y 75 años y el 67,0% fueron diagnosticados de colitis ulcerosa. La mayoría (64,7 %) notificaban una restricción de los productos lácteos. La frecuencia de síntomas gastrointestinales fue mayor en los pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn que restringían los productos lácteos que en aquellos que no lo hacían (100% frente a 42,9%; p = 0,013); este resultado no se observó en los pacientes con colitis ulcerosa CU. La actividad de la enfermedad también fue más frecuente en los pacientes con EII que restringían los productos lácteos que en aquellos sin restricción (23,8% frente a 4,5%; p = 0,031) y, en los pacientes con CU, la enfermedad extensa fue más habitual en pacientes que restringían los productos lácteos que en aquellos que no lo hacían (42,9 % frente a 20,0%; p = 0,03). Conclusión: La restricción de productos lácteos es habitual en pacientes con EII, posiblemente debido a la actividad de la enfermedad, la presencia de síntomas gastrointestinales y la extensión de la enfermedad (AU)