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1.
Diseases ; 8(2)2020 Apr 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32365789

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance is increasing to an extent where efficacy is not guaranteed when treating infection. Biofilm formation has been shown to complicate treatment, whereby the formation of biofilm is associated with higher minimum inhibitory concentration values of antibiotic. The objective of the current paper was to determine whether biofilm formation is variable among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates and whether formation is associated with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), and whether it can be predicted by phenotypic appearance on culture medium A total of 62 E. coli isolates that were reported as the causative agent of UTI were studied (33 from patients denoted as having recurrent UTI and 29 from patients not specified as having recurrent UTI). The biofilm forming capability was determined using a standard microtitre plate method, using E. coli ATCC 25922 as the positive control. The majority of isolates (93.6%) were found to be biofilm formers, whereby 81% were denoted as strong or very strong producers of biofilm when compared to the positive control. Through the use of a Wilcox test, the difference in biofilm forming propensity between the two patient populations was found to not be statistically significant (p = 0.5). Furthermore, it was noted that colony morphology was not a reliable predictor of biofilm-forming propensity. The findings of this study indicate that biofilm formation is very common among uropathogens, and they suggest that the biofilm-forming capability might be considered when treating UTI. Clinical details indicating a recurrent infection were not predictors of biofilm formation.

2.
J Clin Pathol ; 73(11): 758-761, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32409597

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of gastroenteritis (cryptosporidiosis), with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Irish cryptosporidiosis incidence rates are consistently the highest reported in Europe. A retrospective, longitudinal study of clinical Cryptosporidium isolates was conducted from 2015 to 2018 in Cork, southern Ireland. Overall, 86.5% of cases were attributed to C. parvum, while the remaining 13.5% were caused by C. hominis Despite the widespread implications of this protozoan parasite in sporadic and outbreak-related illness in Ireland, the current dearth of species-level epidemiological surveillance and clinical studies needs to be addressed in order to elucidate the national impact of this enteric pathogen.


Subject(s)
Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology , Cryptosporidium/genetics , Epidemiological Monitoring , Feces/parasitology , Female , Gastroenteritis/parasitology , Humans , Ireland/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
4.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 75(1): 46-9, 2013 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23182078

ABSTRACT

A total of 717 faeces samples were tested prospectively using the EntericBio Panel II® detection system (Serosep, Limerick, Ireland), in parallel with routine laboratory testing, which combines the EntericBio® system with retrospective culture of each specimen where a target is detected. Discrepancy analysis was conducted using molecular methods. The EntericBio Panel II® assay produced 585 negative and 132 positive results, namely, Campylobacter spp. (n = 66); SLT 1 and/or SLT 2 (n = 64); Salmonella spp. (n = 5); and Shigella spp. (n = 0). Three samples were positive for more than 1 target. Of these results, 4 Campylobacter spp. detections and 4 SLT 1/ SLT 2 detections remained unconfirmed, and the system failed to detect 2 Campylobacter spp. targets detected by routine laboratory detection. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and efficiency were calculated to be 98.4%, 98.7%, 93.9%, 99.7%, and 98.6%, respectively.


Subject(s)
Campylobacter/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/diagnosis , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Shigella/isolation & purification , Campylobacter/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Feces/microbiology , Humans , Ireland , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Salmonella/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli/genetics , Shigella/genetics
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