Effects of resistance training on the glycemic control of people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Resistance training has shown the potential to contribute to better glycemic control in people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), however, there are contradictory results in this regard and a need to clarify the effects of isolated resistance training on glycemic control in T1D. The aim was to verify the effects of resistance training on the glycemic control of people with T1D. Original articles were selected, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that aimed to verify chronic responses, through the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), to a structured program of resistance exercise in the glycemia of patients with T1D. The following databases were searched; MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and SciELO. Five studies were included in the review. A reduction in HbA1c was observed (SMD = -0.568 ± 0.165 [95% CI = -0.891 to -0.246]; p = 0.001; I² = 82%) in patients undergoing resistance training, when compared to the control group (SMD = 1.006 ± 0.181 [95% CI = 0.653 to 1.360]; p <0.001). Two studies, with children and adolescents and longer interventions, demonstrated a significant reduction in HbA1c, increased strength, and an improved lipid profile. Resistance training was efficient for assisting in glycemic control in people with T1D and should be incorporated in treatment plans.

Effects of resistance training on the glycemic control of people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Resistance training has shown the potential to contribute to better glycemic control in people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), however, there are contradictory results in this regard and a need to clarify the effects of isolated resistance training on glycemic control in T1D. The aim was to verify the effects of resistance training on the glycemic control of people with T1D. Original articles were selected, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that aimed to verify chronic responses, through the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), to a structured program of resistance exercise in the glycemia of patients with T1D. The following databases were searched; MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and SciELO. Five studies were included in the review. A reduction in HbA1c was observed (SMD = -0.568 ± 0.165 [95% CI = -0.891 to -0.246]; p = 0.001; I2 = 82%) in patients undergoing resistance training, when compared to the control group (SMD = 1.006 ± 0.181 [95% CI = 0.653 to 1.360]; p <0.001). Two studies, with children and adolescents and longer interventions, demonstrated a significant reduction in HbA1c, increased strength, and an improved lipid profile. Resistance training was efficient for assisting in glycemic control in people with T1D and should be incorporated in treatment plans.

Acute changes in glucose induced by continuous or intermittent exercise in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the rate of change during exercise and during recovery in moderate-continuous exercise (MCE) and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subjects and methods: Participants performed 2 sessions of exercise: thirty minutes of continuous activity on a cycle ergometer (60% of VO2max) and thirty minutes (60% VO2max) interspersed with five bouts of maximum intensity lasting ten seconds every five minutes. Capillary blood glucose was measured before and after each test. The glucose rate of change in exercise (RoCE) was calculated (final blood glucose - onset blood glucose/exercise time), and the glucose rate of change in recovery (RoCR) (blood glucose 30 minutes after exercise - end of exercise blood glucose/recovery time). Results: The study included thirty-one participants (aged 13 ± 1.88 years). A lower blood glucose reduction was observed in the HIIE group, as well as better recovery values before, after, and thirty minutes after the test, respectively (333.14 ± 69.53, 226.19 ± 68.05 and 201.77 ± 66.84 versus 211.36 ± 91.03, 155.98 ± 82,68 and 165.76 ± 72.94). Covariance analyses showed a significant difference in glycemic variation between continuous and intermittent protocols immediately after exercise (−2.90 versus −2.08) and during the recovery period (−0.677 versus −0.389). Conclusions: HIIE led to a lower glucose reduction rate per minute during exercise and better recovery in the first 30 minutes after exercise compared to MCE in children and adolescents with T1D.

Acute changes in glucose induced by continuous or intermittent exercise in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To estimate the rate of change during exercise and during recovery in moderate-continuous exercise (MCE) and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Participants performed 2 sessions of exercise: thirty minutes of continuous activity on a cycle ergometer (60% of VO2max) and thirty minutes (60% VO2max) interspersed with five bouts of maximum intensity lasting ten seconds every five minutes. Capillary blood glucose was measured before and after each test. The glucose rate of change in exercise (RoCE) was calculated (final blood glucose - onset blood glucose/exercise time), and the glucose rate of change in recovery (RoCR) (blood glucose 30 minutes after exercise - end of exercise blood glucose/recovery time). Results: The study included thirty-one participants (aged 13 ± 1.88 years). A lower blood glucose reduction was observed in the HIIE group, as well as better recovery values before, after, and thirty minutes after the test, respectively (333.14 ± 69.53, 226.19 ± 68.05 and 201.77 ± 66.84 versus 211.36 ± 91.03, 155.98 ± 82,68 and 165.76 ± 72.94). Covariance analyses showed a significant difference in glycemic variation between continuous and intermittent protocols immediately after exercise (-2.90 versus -2.08) and during the recovery period (-0.677 versus -0.389). Conclusion: HIIE led to a lower glucose reduction rate per minute during exercise and better recovery in the first 30 minutes after exercise compared to MCE in children and adolescents with T1D.

Influence of Insulin Application Time and High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Hypoglycemic Risk in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

PURPOSE: The study analyzed the influence of exercise on hypoglycemia episodes postexercise and in the subsequent 24 hours in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Thirty young people performed the same protocol of physical exercises for 1 hour (Ex1h) and 2 hours (Ex2h) after the administration of insulin. They performed 30 minutes of exercise on a cycle ergometer with a load of 60% of maximal oxygen uptake, interspersed with maximum intensity sprints lasting 10 seconds every 5 minutes. RESULTS: Regarding the occurrence of hypoglycemia, in the 8 hours following the exercises, there was no occurrence in Ex1h (χ2 = 0.001; P = .0001) and a greater proportion for Ex2h (n = 71 episodes, 53.8%), while Ex1h had a higher number of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes (n = 60, 71.4%) compared with Ex2h (n = 31, 23.1%, χ2 = 49.521, P = .0001), Ex1h triggered a lower number of hypoglycemia (n = 84) than Ex2h (n = 134, χ2 = 11.504, P = .001). There was a greater reduction in the average amount of fast-acting insulin administered the day after Ex1h compared with Ex2h (P = .031). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent exercise performed 1 hour after insulin administration shows a lower risk of hypoglycemia within 8 hours after exercise, as well as a reduction in insulin the following day.

Impacto da atividade física na qualidade de vida e sobrevida de idosos com câncer: uma revisão sistemática / Impact of physical activity on the quality of life of older adults with cancer: a systematic review

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da atividade física (AF) em qualidade de vida (QV) e sobrevida (SV) de idosos com câncer. Método: revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Medline-Bireme, PubMed, Cochrane-Embase e SciELO. Os estudos passaram por critérios de seleção e análise, com base nas escalas de PRISMA e PEDro. Resultados:foram selecionados dez estudos ao final do processo, sete relacionados à QV e três relacionados à SV. Os resultados mostraram que intervenções realizadas após o diagnostico oncológico trazem benefícios para a QV, como aumento da funcionalidade, da força muscular, da densidade mineral óssea, da flexibilidade, do bem-estar e da massa magra. Houve também impacto positivo na SV. Conclusão: os resultados desta revisão sistemática ajudam a compreender que a prática de AF pode trazer benefícios tanto para a QV quanto para a SV de pessoas acima de 60 anos com diagnósticos oncológicos.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the impact of physical activity (PA) on quality of life (QoL) and survival rate (SV) of the elderly with cancer. Method: systematic review in databases such as Medline-Bireme, PubMed, Cochrane-Embase, and SciELO. The studies underwent selection and analysis criteria, based on PRISMA and PEDro scales. Results: ten studies were selected at the end of the process, seven related to QoL and three related to SV. The results showed that interventions performed after cancer diagnosis bring benefits for QoL, such as increased functionality, muscle strength, bone mineral density, flexibility, well-being and lean mass. There was also a positive impact on SV. Conclusion: the results of this systematic review help to understand that PA can offer benefits for both QoL and SV of people over 60 years of age with cancer diagnosis.(AU)

Comparação da qualidade de vida e sono de adolescentes portadores e não portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Comparison of quality of life and sleep of adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus

RESUMO A Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 (DM1) é uma doença autoimune que afeta milhares de pessoas atualmente, com maior concentração de casos na adolescência. O tratamento implica alterações no estilo de vida que podem apresentar influência negativa sobre a qualidade do sono (QS) e qualidade de vida (QV). O propósito do estudo foi comparar a QS e QV entre adolescentes portadores e não portadores de DM1. Participaram do estudo 74 adolescentes divididos por grupos e sexo: GDM1-F (n=19), GDM1-M (n=18), GC-F (n=21) e GC-M (n=16). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e WHOQOL-bref. Para comparar os grupos foi utilizado Análise de Covariância, ajustada pela idade, com Post Hoc de Bonferroni. Os resultados sinalizam que os participantes do GDM1-F e GDM1-M, portadores de DM1, apresentaram maiores escores em todas as avaliações, com diferença significativa com o CG-F nas variáveis: QS global, Domínios Físico, Psicológico e Relações Sociais e QV total. Portanto, foi possível observar que os adolescentes portadores de DM1 apresentaram melhor avaliação da QS e QV em comparação as meninas sem DM1, independentemente da idade.

ABSTRACT Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is an autoimmune disease that affects thousands of people today, with a higher concentration of cases in adolescence. Treatment involves lifestyle changes that can have a negative influence on quality of sleep (QS) and quality of life (QL). The purpose of the study was to compare QS and QL among adolescents with and without DM1. Seventy-four adolescents participated in the study divided by groups and sex: GDM1-F (n=19), GDM1-M (n=18), GC-F (n=21) and GC-M (n=16). The instruments used were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and WHOQOL-bref. Age-adjusted Covariance Analysis with Bonferroni Post Hoc was used to compare the groups. The results show that the participants of GDM1-F and GDM1-M, with DM1, had higher scores in all evaluations, with significant difference with CG-F in the variables: global QS, Physical, Psychological and Social Relationships and total QL. Therefore, it was possible to observe that adolescents with DM1 had better QS and QL evaluations than girls without DM1, regardless of age.