Psychological Vulnerability Indices and the Adolescent's Good Mental Health Factors: A Correlational Study in a Sample of Portuguese Adolescents.

Background: Psychological vulnerability (PV) indicates the individual's inability to adapt to stressful situations. Adolescents experience negative impacts on their future mental health if they do not acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to have good mental health during their developmental stage. Aim: To compare the PV index among the three stages of adolescence and to explore the factors involved in good mental health, including the relationship between adolescents' PV indices and sociodemographic variables, and the relationship between adolescents' PV index and their knowledge of the factors that characterize good mental health. Method: An exploratory, cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out in three public schools in a region of Portugal, using online self-completed questionnaires: the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS) and the Mental Health-Promoting Knowledge (MHPK-10). Results: Our convenience sample consisted of 260 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.07 years who were students between 5th and 12th grades, mostly female. Moderate PV indexes were obtained that were higher in late adolescence, i.e., in older adolescents, who were females in a more advanced school year, with worse self-perceptions of their physical and mental health and body image, and who frequently used a health service due to mental health problems. The association between the PV index and the level of knowledge about the factors involved in good mental health did not reach a statistical significance (p = 0.06). Conclusions: These results suggest a need for a design of personalized interventions that promote adolescents' mental health literacy, that prevent PV, and that should be initiated in early adolescence.

Nursing students' experience of learning cultural competence.

INTRODUCTION: European societies are rapidly becoming multicultural. Cultural diversity presents new challenges and opportunities to communities that receive immigrants and migrants, and highlights the need for culturally safe healthcare. Universities share a responsibility to build a fair and equitable society by integrating cultural content in the nursing curricula. This paper aims to analyze European student nurses´ experience of learning cultural competence and of working with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A phenomenological approach was selected through a qualitative research method. 7 semi-structured focus groups with 5-7 students took place at the participants' respective universities in Spain, Belgium, Turkey and Portugal. RESULTS: 5 themes and 16 subthemes emerged from thematic analysis. Theme 1, concept of culture/cultural diversity, describes the participants' concept of culture; ethnocentricity emerged as a frequent element in the students' discourse. Theme 2, personal awareness, integrates the students' self-perception of cultural competence and their learning needs. Theme 3, impact of culture, delves on the participants' perceived impact of cultural on both nursing care and patient outcomes. Theme 4, learning cultural competence, integrates the participants' learning experiences as part of their nursing curricula, as part of other academic learning opportunities and as part of extra-academic activities. Theme 5, learning cultural competence during practice placements, addresses some important issues including witnessing unequal care, racism, prejudice and conflict, communication and language barriers, tools and resources and positive attitudes and behaviors witnesses or displayed during clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The participants' perceived level of cultural competence was variable. All the participants agreed that transcultural nursing content should be integrated in the nursing curricula, and suggested different strategies to improve their knowledge, skills and attitudes. It is important to listen to the students and take their opinion into account when designing cultural teaching and learning activities.

Nursing Lecturers' Perception and Experience of Teaching Cultural Competence: A European Qualitative Study.

Cultural competence is an essential component in providing effective and culturally responsive healthcare services, reducing health inequalities, challenging racism in health care and improving patient safety, satisfaction and health outcomes. It is thus reasonable that undergraduate nursing students can develop cultural competency through education and training. The aim of this paper was to investigate nursing lecturers' perception and experience of teaching cultural competence in four undergraduate nursing programs. A phenomenological approach was selected to illicit nursing lecturers' perception of culture and experience of teaching cultural competence. Semi-structured personal interviews were held with a sample of 24 lecturers from four European universities. The anonymized transcripts were analyzed qualitatively following Braun and Clark's phases for thematic analysis. Six themes and fifteen subthemes emerged from thematic analysis of the transcripts. Cultural competence was not explicitly integrated in the nursing curricula. Instead, the lecturers used mainly examples and case studies to illustrate the theory. The integration of cultural content in the modules was unplanned and not based on a specific model. Nursing programs should be examined to establish how cultural content is integrated in the curricula; clear guidelines and standards for a systematic integration of cultural content in the nursing curriculum should be developed.

A new approach to the prevention of nursing care rationing: Cross-sectional study on positive orientation.

AIMS: To assess the effects of nurses' life satisfaction and life orientation on the level of nursing care rationing. BACKGROUND: Best practice within human resource management argues that striving for a positive orientation within the workforce may create a friendly work environment that could promote the employee's development and job satisfaction in a health care organisation. METHODS: A total of 547 nurses were enrolled and assessed using three self-report scales: the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care-R (BERCA-R), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Then, the data were submitted into bivariate analyses. RESULTS: More pessimistic nurses with low and moderate levels of life satisfaction, and those with a neutral life orientation, presented with significantly higher BERCA-R scores than those who were more optimistic and who had high levels of life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing care rationing depends on psychological factors of life satisfaction and life orientation. Low levels of satisfaction with life and a more pessimistic life orientation negatively contribute towards a higher prevalence of nursing care rationing. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing management policies, including intervention management, should consider ensuring positive orientation is in place to increase job satisfaction and optimism in health care workers.

Stress e estratégias de coping em profissionais de saúde / Stress and coping strategies in health professionals / Estrés y estrategias de afrontamiento para profesionales de la salud

CONTEXTO: As especificidades do trabalho nas organizações de saúde e, em particular, os níveis de stress a que estão sujeitos os profissionais têm reflexos na sua condição de saúde. As medidas de redução do stress profissional inscrevem-se nas estratégias de governação clínica enquanto processo de melhoria da qualidade envolvendo princípios fundamentais da excelência, como a orientação para os resultados, melhoria contínua, responsabilidade social, focalização na saúde e bem-estar das pessoas/colaboradores. OBJETIVO: Avaliar principais fontes de stress e estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos profissionais de saúde no desenvolvimento da sua atividade profissional. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório com amostra por conveniência a diferentes profissionais de saúde. Para a recolha de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos: Questionário de Stress nos Profissionais de Saúde; e Brief COPE. O questionário foi enviado por e-mail decorrendo a recolha entre os meses de maio e junho de 2018. Os dados foram tratados e analisados com recurso ao SPSS. Todos os procedimentos éticos foram assegurados. RESULTADOS: As dimensões de stress mais críticas referidas pelos profissionais de saúde foram: carreira, remuneração, excesso de trabalho e lidar com os clientes. As estratégias de coping mais referidas foram: coping ativo, planear e reinterpretação positiva. O uso de substâncias foi a menos utilizada. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos permitem identificar uma vulnerabilidade particular dos profissionais de saúde a fatores de stress profissional associados à carreira e às condições de exercício profissional. Apurou-se uma resposta relativamente consensual face ao stress: o impacto negativo na saúde, em particular na saúde mental, com as consequências adversas alusivas a todo o processo de governação clínica.

BACKGROUND: The specificities of work in health organizations and, in particular, the levels of stress to which professionals are subjected have consequences for their health condition. Occupational stress reduction measures are part of clinical governance strategies as a quality improvement process involving fundamental principles of excellence, such as results orientation, continuous improvement and social responsibility, and focus on the health and well-being of people / contributors. AIM: To evaluate the main sources of stress and coping strategies used by health professionals in the development of their professional activity. METHODS: This is a descriptive and exploratory study with convenience sample to different health professionals. Two instruments were used to collect data: Stress Questionnaire for Health Professionals; and Brief COPE. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail after the collection between the months of May and June of 2018. The data were treated and analyzed using SPSS. All ethical procedures were ensured during the process. RESULTS: The most critical stress dimensions reported by health professionals were: career, remuneration, overwork and dealing with clients. The most mentioned coping strategies were: active coping, planning and positive reinterpretation. Substance use was the least referred. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained allow the identification of a particular vulnerability of health professionals to professional stress factors associated with career and working conditions. It was also possible to establish a relatively consensual response to stress in health professionals: the negative impact on health, in particular on mental health, with adverse consequences for the entire clinical governance process.

CONTEXTO: Las especificidades del trabajo en las organizaciones de salud y, en particular, los niveles de estrés a que están sujetos los profesionales tienen reflejos en su condición de salud. Las medidas de reducción del estrés profesional se inscriben en las estrategias de gobernanza clínica como proceso de mejora de la calidad que involucra principios fundamentales de la excelencia, como la orientación hacia los resultados, la mejora continua y la responsabilidad social y la focalización en la salud y el bienestar de las personas / empleados. OBJETIVO(S): Evaluar las principales fuentes de estrés y estrategias de coping utilizadas por los profesionales de la salud en el desarrollo de su actividad profesional METODOLOGÍA: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio con muestra por conveniencia a diferentes profesionales de la salud. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron dos instrumentos: i) Cuestionario de estrés en los profesionales de la salud; y ii) Brief COPE. El cuestionario fue enviado por correo electrónico a través de la recogida entre los meses de mayo y junio de 2018.Los datos del fueron tratados y analizados con recurso al SPSS. Todos los procedimientos éticos se garantizaron durante el proceso. RESULTADOS: Las dimensiones de estrés más críticas referidas por los profesionales de salud fueron: carrera, remuneración, exceso de trabajo y lidiar con los clientes. Las estrategias de coping más mencionadas fueron: coping activo, planeamiento y reinterpretación positiva. El uso de sustancias fue la menos utilizada. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar una vulnerabilidad particular de los profesionales de la salud a factores de estrés profesional asociados a la carrera ya las condiciones de ejercicio profesional. También es posible determinar una respuesta relativamente consensuada frente al estrés en los profesionales de la salud: el impacto negativo en la salud mental, con las consecuencias adversas en lo que se refiere a todo el proceso de gobernanza clínica.

Good practices to reduce unfinished nursing care: An integrative review.

AIM: To identify evidence of good practice interventions aimed at reducing unfinished nursing care in the hospital context. BACKGROUND: Unfinished nursing care is a common problem related to nursing practice, essentially due to time scarcity. There is not much research on how to deal with it and on how to develop good practices that can mitigate the unfinished nursing care. EVALUATION: This study is an integrative review of the literature. After searching databases, we selected seven articles that met the inclusion criteria. KEY ISSUES: To mitigate unfinished nursing care, the following good practices were identified: adequacy of human resources, nurse-to-patient ratio and workload distribution; improvement of the working environment with increased teamwork; and effective communication among all health professionals. CONCLUSION: An adequate number of nurses can ensure the timely provision of care and mitigate unfinished nursing care. Efficient communication between the multi-professional team, as well as recognition of professional merit, personal and organisational accountability, also contributes to mitigate unfinished nursing care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Health organisations should staff their units adequately and ensure a well-balanced workload distribution, and promote healthy work environments that foster personal accountability, adequate communication between all professionals and recognition of professional merit.

Nível de satisfaçãoe desejo de mudar de situação profissional em enfermeiros de unidades de cuidados continuados integrados / Satisfaction level and desire to change the professional situation in nurses of integrated continuous care units

This study aims to analyze nurses' satisfaction in the specific context of four Integrated Continuing Care Units of the Portuguese Red Cross, and to know how the level of satisfaction is related to their intention for professional change. It is a descriptive and correlational quantitative study. The sample consisted of 41 nurses from four Integrated Continuous Care Units. It was applied an instrument that integrated questions about job satisfaction (using the Job Satisfaction Scale described by Lima, Vala and Monteiro, 1994) and questions about the intention of professional change (using the Turnover Intention Scale, adapted from Bothma and Roodt, 2013).The results showed that, in the sample studied, the average level of satisfaction with the profession is M = 3.41 (SD = 0.55) on a scale ranging from 1, corresponding to the lowest level of satisfaction, to 5, corresponding to the highest level. The main dissatisfaction factors identified were career progression and remuneration.As for turnover intent, an average score of M=2.79 (sd = 0.65) was recorded, below the midpoint of the five-point scale. The analysis of the results revealed the existence of statistically significant correlations between the intention to turnover and different dimensions of job satisfaction, being particularly expressive in situations where there is dissatisfaction with the nature of the work performed (rs=0.655; p<0.05)

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The Teaching and Learning Cultural Competence in a Multicultural Environment (CCMEn) Model.

BACKGROUND: Within the European higher education context, students and lecturers are encouraged to engage in teaching and learning activities abroad. This frequently involves using a second language and being exposed to students and lecturers from culturally different backgrounds. OBJECTIVE: To design a model for teaching and learning cultural competence in a multicultural environment (CCMEn). DESIGN: Theory development from empirical experience, research, and scholarly works. METHOD: This model was developed based on our experience of teaching and learning cultural competence in a multicultural environment in a nursing education context; it rests on three pillars, namely, Coyle's Content and Language Integrated Learning educational approach, the concept of social and emotional learning, as defined by the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning, and the existing literature surrounding teaching and learning cultural competence in higher education. RESULTS: The CCMEn model is intended to guide the process of teaching and learning cultural competence in a multicultural environment through the use of a second language and has been adapted from existing educational approaches and theory. CONCLUSION: Teaching and learning in multilingual and multicultural contexts in Europe is becoming more common. Students who learn alongside students and teachers from different cultural backgrounds need to be supported from an academic, linguistic and socioemotional perspective. We believe that the CCMEn model can serve as a guide to enhancing student learning in this context.

Necessidades de enfermagem de saúde mental: intervenção na doença mental após desastre ou situação de emergência / Mental health nursing needs: intervention in mental disease after disaster or emergency situation / Necesidades de enfermería de salud mental: intervención en la enfermedad mental después de desastre o situación de emergencia

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiátrica deve ter a sua intervenção assente nas necessidades em saúde mental que identifica, com atividades de promoção de saúde, prevenção da doença e auxílio nos processos de reabilitação em todos os contextos. As situações de desastres causam enumeras alterações na pessoa com doença mental havendo maior risco de manifestações da doença após a vivência de uma situação de stresse, tendo este profissional um papel preponderante. OBJETIVO: Verificar as necessidades em enfermagem de saúde mental das pessoas com doença mental após situação de stresse associada a um desastre. MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática da literatura através da pesquisa em diversas bases de dados, utilizando os descritores em língua Portuguesa e Inglesa. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: pessoas com mais de 18 anos, experiência de situação de desastre, artigos originais com data de publicação compreendida entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. RESULTADOS: Obtiveram-se 6 estudos: 5 apresentavam metodologia quantitativa e 1 metodologia qualitativa transversal. CONCLUSÕES: Com os estudos desta revisão foi possível constatar que as pessoas apresentam inúmeras respostas ao nível da saúde mental, especificamente da ansiedade, stresse pós traumático e sintomas de depressão após uma situação de stresse, no entanto não foi possível perceber as reais necessidades em enfermagem de saúde mental por apenas um estudo ser centrado num programa de saúde mental comunitária, mas que não foi eficaz. Há necessidade da realização de mais estudos para que se tenha conhecimento científico nesta área.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The nurse specialist in mental and psychiatric health nursing should have the intervention based on the needs in mental health identified, with health promotion activities, disease prevention and rehabilitation assistance in all contexts. Disaster situations cause a number of changes in the person with mental illness and there is a greater risk of changes after the experience of a stress situation, and this professional has a preponderant role. AIM: To verify the mental health nursing needs of people with mental illness after disaster-related. METHODS: Systematic review of the literature was done through the research in several databases, using the descriptors in Portuguese and English. The criteria for inclusion in the selection of articles were as follows: people over 18 years of age, experience of a disaster situation, original articles with a publication date between 2014 and 2018. RESULTS: Six studies were obtained: 5 presented quantitative methodology and a cross-sectional qualitative methodology. CONCLUSIONS: With the studies of this review it was possible to verify that people present numerous responses to mental health, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and symptoms of depression after a stress situation, however, it was not possible to perceive the real needs in mental health nursing because only one study was centered on a community mental health program, but it was not effective. There is a need for more studies to be made available in this area.

RESUMEN CONTEXTO: El enfermero especialista en enfermería de salud mental y psiquiátrica debe basar su intervención en las necesidades en salud mental que identifica, con actividades de promoción de la salud, prevención de la enfermedad y auxilio en los procesos de rehabilitación en todos los contextos. Las situaciones de desastres causan numerosas alteraciones en la persona con enfermedad mental habiendo mayor riesgo de alteraciones tras la vivencia de una situación de estrés, teniendo este profesional un papel preponderante. OBJETIVO: Verificar las necesidades en enfermería de salud mental de las personas con enfermedad mental después de una situaciónde estrés asociada a un desastre. MÉTODO: Realizada larevisión sistemática de la literatura a través de la búsqueda en diversas bases de datos, utilizando los descriptores en lengua portuguesa e inglesa. Los criterios de inclusión fueron los siguientes: personas con más de 18 años, experiencia de situación de desastre, artículos originales con fechade publicación comprendida entre 2014 y 2018. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieronseis estudios: cinco presentaronunametodología cuantitativa y un estudio, metodología cualitativa transversal. CONCLUSIONES: Con los estudios de esta revisión se pudo constatar que las personas presentan numerosas respuestas con respecto a la salud mental, a la ansiedad, al estrés postraumático y a los síntomas de depresión después de una situación traumática. Sin embargo, no se percibieron las necesidades reales en enfermería de salud mental porque solo uno de los estudios se centró en un programa de salud mental comunitaria, pero que no fue eficaz. Son necesarios más estudios para aumentar el conocimiento científico en esta temática.

El humor como recurso frente al estigma en salud mental / Humor as a resource against stigma in mental healt

Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre la utilización del humor como estrategia y recurso terapéutico frente al estigma en salud mental. La vivencia del sufrimiento así como el estigma asociado es una de las preocupaciones más importantes para la persona que experimenta un trastorno mental. Consideramos la pertinencia de la utilización de diferentes estrategias para abordar la temática de la enfermedad mental y su importancia, siendo el humor una de las estrategias poco utilizadas pero que merece ser destacada y considerada. Este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una estructura conceptual del humor y su relación con la salud mental. Pretendemos con esta reflexión contribuir a una actitud centrada en el concepto de salud mental positiva, así como en la perspectiva socio poética defendida por Jacques Gauthier y aplicada a la intervención de enfermería. En este artículo reflexionamos sobre esta temática, utilizando varias referencias bibliográficas y cronológicas, buscando respuestas a estas cuestiones: ¿Por qué utilizar el humor como recurso frente al estigma en salud mental? ¿Y por qué no utilizarlo? En este artículo reflexionamos sobre esta temática, utilizando varias referencias bibliográficas y cronológicas, buscando respuestas a estas cuestiones: ¿Por qué utilizar el humor como recurso frente al estigma en salud mental? ¿Y por qué no utilizarlo?

This article aims to reflect on the use of humor as a strategy and therapeutic resource against stigma in mental health. Experiencing the suffering of mental illness as well as the associated stigma is one of the most important concerns for the person experiencing a mental disorder. We consider the relevance of the use of different strategies to address the issue of mental illness and its importance, with humor being one of the strategies rarely used but that deserves to be highlighted and considered. This article aims to provide a conceptual framework of humor and its relationship with mental health. We intend with this reflection to contribute to an attitude centered on the concept of positive mental health, as well as on the sociopoetic perspective defended by Jacques Gauthier and applied to nursing intervention. In this article we reflect on this topic, using several bibliographical and chronological references, looking for answers to these questions: Why use humor as a resource against stigma in mental health? And why not use it?

Estrés emocional en cuidadores mayores de personas mayores / Stresse emocional em cuidadores idosos de pessoas idosas / Emotional stress in elderly caregivers of the elderly

CONTEXTO: Los cuidadores constituyen una población de riesgo de alteraciones psíquicas y físicas. Las alteraciones emocionales, como la depresión y la ansiedad, son enfermedades sub-diagnosticadas en el cuidador. OBJETIVO(S): Conocer las necesidades de apoyo de cuidadores mayores que cuidan de otros mayores así como la asociación al estrés emocional. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de carácter cuantitativo observacional, transversal y descriptivo de campo. La muestra está constituida por 107 cuidadores mayores de personas mayores, residentes en la zona rural suroeste del Área de Salud de Badajoz de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura (España). La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante un cuestionario estructurado y el procedimiento aplicado fue el de la encuesta. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los adultos mayores que realizan los cuidados es de 76.9 años, ligeramente predominan las mujeres (59.8 %) con respecto a los hombres (40.2 %). El 84,1% de los cuidados se realizan en las relaciones de pareja. El 70,1% de los adultos mayores cuidadores considera que necesita ayuda para realizar las actividades que requieren los cuidados. El 31,8% requiere ayuda de personal especialista por estrés emocional. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=.009), entre las personas que necesitan ayuda y el riesgo de alteración emocional del cuidador. CONCLUSIONES: Los cuidadores de edad avanzada demandan ayuda para realizar las labores del cuidado. Además, un tercio de personas que se dedican a los cuidados requieren ayuda de un especialista por estrés emocional, y los cuidadores que necesitan ayuda presentan un mayor riesgo de estrés emocional.

CONTEXTO: Os cuidadores constituem uma população em risco de alterações psíquicas e físicas. Distúrbios emocionais, como depressão e ansiedade, são doenças insuficientemente diagnosticadas no cuidador. OBJETIVO(S): Conhecer as necessidades de apoio para cuidadores idosos que cuidam de idosos bem como a sua associação ao stresse emocional. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizado um estudo de campo, quantitativo, observacional, transversal e descritivo. A amostra é constituída por 107 cuidadores idosos de pessoas idosas, moradores da área rural do sudoeste da área de saúde de Badajoz, da Comunidade Autónoma de Extremadura (Espanha). A recolha de dados foi realizada através de um questionário estruturado, aplicado através da realização de uma entrevista. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos idosos participantes é de 76,9 anos, predominam as mulheres (59,8%) em relação aos homens (40,2%). 84,1% dos cuidados ocorrem entre pessoas com relações familiares diretas. 70,1% dos cuidadores idosos consideram que precisam de ajuda para realizar as atividades que requerem cuidados. 31,8% requer ajuda de pessoal especializado devido ao stresse emocional. Existe uma relação estatisticamente significativas (p=0,009) entre as pessoas que precisam de ajuda e o risco de distúrbios emocionais do cuidador. CONCLUSÕES: Os cuidadores idosos exigem assistência para realizar as tarefas de cuidados. Além disso, um terço dos cuidadores requer ajuda de um especialista em stresse emocional, e cuidadores que precisam de ajuda têm maior risco de stresse emocional.

BACKGROUND: Caregivers constitute a population at risk of psychic and physical alterations. Emotional disturbances, such as depression and anxiety, are under-diagnosed diseases in the caregiver. AIM: To know the support needs for elderly caregivers who care for the elderly as well as their association with emotional stress. METHODS: Study of quantitative observational, transversal and descriptive field. The sample is constituted by 107 elderly caregivers of elderly people, residents in the rural southwestern area of ​​Badajoz Health Area of ​​the Autonomous Community of Extremadura (Spain). The data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire and the procedure applied was that of the survey. RESULTS: The average age of the elderly who perform the care is 76.9 years, slightly women predominate (59.8%) with respect to men (40.2%). 84.1% of care is carried out in marital relationships. 70.1% of elderly caregivers consider that they need help to perform the activities that require care. 31.8% requires help from specialized personnel due to emotional stress. There are statistically significant differences (p = .009) between people who need help and the risk of emotional disturbance of the caregiver. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly caregivers demand assistance to carry out the tasks of care. In addition, one third of caregivers require help from a specialist for emotional stress, and caregivers in need of help have a greater risk of emotional stress.

Job Satisfaction and Subjective Well-Being Among Midwives: Analysis of a Multinational Cross-Sectional Survey.

INTRODUCTION: There is a considerable amount of empirical evidence to indicate a positive association between an employee's subjective well-being and workplace performance and job satisfaction. Compared with nursing research, there is a relative lack of consistent scientific evidence concerning midwives' subjective well-being and its determinants related to domains of job satisfaction. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between the domains of job satisfaction and components of subjective well-being in hospital midwives. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 1190 hospital midwives from 7 countries. Job satisfaction was measured by the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale. Subjective well-being was conceptualized in the study by the 2 components (the affective and the cognitive component). The affective component of subjective well-being (ie, emotional well-being) was assessed by the Positive and the Negative Affect Scale. The cognitive component of subjective well-being (ie, life satisfaction) was measured by the Personal Well-Being Index. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to determine associations between variables. RESULTS: Findings from correlation and regression analyses indicated an overall weak association between the domains of job satisfaction and components of subjective well-being. Satisfaction with extrinsic rewards, coworkers, and interaction opportunities accounted for only 13% of variance in the cognitive component (life satisfaction). The affective component (emotional well-being) was weakly associated with satisfaction with control and responsibility. DISCUSSION: The low amount of variance suggests that neither component of subjective well-being is influenced by the domains of job satisfaction. Further studies should focus on identifying other predictors of subjective well-being among midwives. A better understanding of how specific job facets are related to the subjective well-being of midwives might assist employers in the design of counseling and intervention programs for subjective well-being of midwives in the workplace and workplace performance.

Job satisfaction and leaving intentions of midwives: analysis of a multinational cross-sectional survey.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between turnover intentions and job satisfaction among hospital midwives from seven countries and to determine how the related variables differ between countries. BACKGROUND: Studies investigating professional turnover and job satisfaction among midwives are limited in scope. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used to investigate the intended turnover and job satisfaction relationship among 1190 hospital midwives in European and Asian countries. Data were collected using a set of questionnaires that included questions regarding the leaving intentions of midwives and the McCloskey/Mueller satisfaction scale. RESULTS: Midwives were least satisfied with their extrinsic rewards and professional opportunities and with the balance between family and work. Significant differences were found in all domains of job satisfaction according to midwives' intentions to leave their current workplace in hospital or profession of midwife, and to work abroad. CONCLUSION: There are some general satisfying and dissatisfying elements for the profession of midwife across different countries. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The results highlight the importance of understanding midwives' leaving intentions and related factors across different countries. To prevent midwife turnover, health-care managers should gain greater insight into the early stage of midwives' turnover intention.

Temperament in Portuguese university students as measured by TEMPS-A: implications for professional choice.

BACKGROUND: The structure of temperament displays subaffective traits as attributes of adaptive value. There are few studies on how different professions compare on temperaments. Our aim was to examine the relationship between the choices of Portuguese students in their fields of study, and their respective temperaments. METHODS: The sample included 1386 students from six different universities (law, engineering, arts, medicine, psychology, and nursing), of both genders (67% female), and ages between 17 and 58 (X + or - SD = 21 + or - 3.4). RESULTS: Law and art students presented a cyclothymic or irritable temperament. Engineering students presented a hyperthymic temperament. Psychology and nursing students presented predominantly depressive and anxious temperaments. Medicine students were least extreme in temperament scores or frequencies. LIMITATIONS: Nursing students came largely from one university located in a Portuguese city (northeast from Lisbon) which could be a potential limitation to be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct temperamental profiles of students enrolled in different professional fields could be identified in our sample taking into account the presence or absence of excessive temperaments. Future physicians did not present a predominant temperament, future lawyers and artists presented predominantly a cyclothymic or irritable temperament, future engineers presented a hyperthymic temperament and, future psychologists and nurses presented predominantly depressive and anxious temperaments.