ABSTRACT
Coaching is increasingly used to treat obesity or overweight. We conducted a systematic review to explore the intervention's characteristics, effectivity, and quality of the published studies. The search was carried out on Pubmed, Scielo and Scopus databases. We considered studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2014 and 2019 in English and Spanish. Following PRISMA guidelines, we selected and analyzed 22 articles, 46% of which were randomized controlled trials. Most of the studies had moderate quality, according to the risk of bias assessment carried out by three independent researchers based on the Study Quality Assessment Tool. Seventy seven percent of interventions targeted adults, and their duration ranged between two and 19 months. They were delivered in both private and public contexts, with face-to-face or remote interventions and combined techniques, mainly from the United States (82%). The interventions showed a 51% effectiveness in reducing weight, increasing physical activity, and changing eating habits. We conclude that coaching might be an effective therapeutic strategy for obesity and overweight.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Overweight/therapy , Mentoring , Exercise , Feeding Behavior , Obesity/therapyABSTRACT
Coaching is increasingly used to treat obesity or overweight. We conducted a systematic review to explore the intervention's characteristics, effectivity, and quality of the published studies. The search was carried out on Pubmed, Scielo and Scopus databases. We considered studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2014 and 2019 in English and Spanish. Following PRISMA guidelines, we selected and analyzed 22 articles, 46% of which were randomized controlled trials. Most of the studies had moderate quality, according to the risk of bias assessment carried out by three independent researchers based on the Study Quality Assessment Tool. Seventy seven percent of interventions targeted adults, and their duration ranged between two and 19 months. They were delivered in both private and public contexts, with face-to-face or remote interventions and combined techniques, mainly from the United States (82%). The interventions showed a 51% effectiveness in reducing weight, increasing physical activity, and changing eating habits. We conclude that coaching might be an effective therapeutic strategy for obesity and overweight.
Subject(s)
Mentoring , Overweight , Adult , Exercise , Feeding Behavior , Humans , Obesity/therapy , Overweight/therapyABSTRACT
Introducción: los trastornos de la alimentación e ingesta (TAI) son un complejo conjunto interdimensional de enfermedades mentales que afectan el rendimiento corporal, mental y social. El núcleo de la enfermedad es el miedo a ganar peso. Las estrategias de control de ingesta varían entre: restricción, selección y purga alimentaria. Afectan diferentes sexos, razas, etnias y edades. Con mayor frecuencia en adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes (9: 1). Presentan alta mortalidad, comorbilidad mental y conflictos familiares asociados. Método: integrar información disponible y útil según criterio de experto, orientada al manejo clínico de los TAI. Resultado: debido a que los profesionales de salud de diferentes áreas podrían ser el único contacto que el/la paciente busca para aliviar alguna dolencia aparentemente no relacionada con TAI, es necesario lograr identificar y diagnosticar los estadios patológicos e indicar las primeras conductas, así como hacer una referencia exitosa. El retraso en el diagnóstico causa alteraciones severas y crónicas en la fisiología, el comportamiento, la cognición y el funcionamiento psicosocial. Los objetivos de este estudio son: a. Presentar, en forma integrada, la información disponible de modo de facilitar a los profesionales de la salud la detección precoz de los TAI; b. Ofrecer un conjunto de acciones útiles que faciliten el diagnóstico TAI; c. Organizar la comprensión del riesgo TAI en un diagrama que facilite la construcción de la derivación utilizando las dimensiones: cuerpo, mente, relaciones; d. Mostrar las alternativas psicoterapéuticas en uso e. Proveer información para realizar las primeras intervenciones. Conclusión: reconocer tempranamente el cuadro TAI puede detener el curso patológico y los potenciales daños.(AU)
Introduction: eating disorders (ED) are a complex interdimensional set of mental disorders that affect social, bodily and mental performance. The core issue of the illness is the fear of weight gain. Food intake control strategies are displayed among eating restriction,selection and purging foods. ED affect people despite their sex, ethnicity or age often in adolescents and young women (9:1). EDhave been associated with high mortality, mental disorders comorbidity, and family conflicts. Method: to integrate expert selectedrelevant information to improve ED clinical management by health practitioners. Results: because health practitioners from differentareas may be the only contact the patient is looking for to alleviate an ailment apparently not related to ED, it is necessary to identifyand diagnose the pathological stages and indicate the first behaviors, as well as make a successful reference. Diagnosis delay causes severe and chronic alterations in physiology, behavior, cognition and psychosocial functioning. The objectives of this study are: a.To present integrated information about ED I order to facilitate early detection and diagnosis to health practitioners; b. To offer a setof useful actions that facilitate early ED detection; c. To organize the understanding of ED risk in a diagram that facilitates derivationusing the dimensions: body, mind, relationships; d. To show the current psychotherapies e. To provide information to perform the first interventions. Conclusion: early ED recognition can stop the pathological course and potential damage of the disease.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Psychotherapy , Therapeutics , Anorexia , Bulimia , Early Diagnosis , Binge-Eating DisorderABSTRACT
Resumen Se analiza literatura sobre la influencia materna que los trastornos alimentarios y de la ingestión de alimentos (TAI) tienen sobre el desarrollo psíquico de los hijos. De 1.096 artículos encontrados en PubMed, PsycINFO, Scielo, ProQuest Health & Medical Collection, 32 aportan información relevante organizada en 6 categorías: 1-Alimentación; 2-Antropometría; 3-Percepción materna de los hijos; 4-Percepción de los hijos hacia sus madres; 5-Estilo parental; 6-Psicopatología de los hijos.(AU)
Abstract: Maternal influence on the children psyches developmental is analyzed when mothers are eating disorder diagnosed. 1.096 articles are founded in PubMed, PsycINFO, Scielo, ProQuest Health & Medical Collection. 32 provide relevant information and they are organized into 6 categories: 1-Food; 2-Anthropometry; 3-Maternal perception of children; 4-Mother s children perception; 5-Parental style; 6-Psychopathology of children. There is a lot of evidence that shows the influence of a maternal eating disorder on the mental children development Mechanisms involved are discussed and it is suggested to continue advancing in research and clinical interventions.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adult , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Mothers , Anorexia Nervosa , Child , Bulimia NervosaABSTRACT
Background: The Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale (EDDS) is a self-administered low cost psychometric instrument with excellent levels of temporal reliability and validity. Aim: To adapt and validate the EDDS in Chile. Material and Methods: Thefactorial structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability ofthe Spanish-language version of the EDDS was analyzed in a sample of1964 university and high school students. The concurrent validity was tested in a sample of 50 primary care patients with ED and 59 controls, comparing its results with those of a structured psychiatric interview (CIDI). Results: The EDDS showed a high internal consistency, moderate test-retest reliability, an appropriate factorial structure (in women) and an excellent convergent validity. Also, the diagnosis of ED obtained with the EDDS is moderately consistent with the structured psychiatric interview. Conclusions: The Spanish-language version of the EDDS showed a satisfactory psychometric behavior and a good capacity for detecting ED, according to the DSM criterion.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Language , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Chile , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale (EDDS) is a self-administered low cost psychometric instrument with excellent levels of temporal reliability and validity. AIM: To adapt and validate the EDDS in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The factorial structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Spanish-language version of the EDDS was analyzed in a sample of 1964 university and high school students. The concurrent validity was tested in a sample of 50 primary care patients with ED and 59 controls, comparing its results with those of a structured psychiatric interview (CIDI). RESULTS: The EDDS showed a high internal consistency, moderate test-retest reliability, an appropriate factorial structure (in women) and an excellent convergent validity. Also, the diagnosis of ED obtained with the EDDS is moderately consistent with the structured psychiatric interview. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish-language version of the EDDS showed a satisfactory psychometric behavior and a good capacity for detecting ED, according to the DSM criterion.
Subject(s)
Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Language , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adolescent , Chile , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Parents have a control role in the development and treatment of eating disorders among teenagers. AIM: To compare attitudes, beliefs and behaviors between mothers of patients with eating disorders and mothers of teenagers without these disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty one mother-sibling pairs of adolescents with eating disorders and 15 pairs of adolescents without this condition, but of similar age, were studied. The eating disorders inventory (EDI-2), a self administered questionnaire that includes 91 items, was applied. RESULTS: No differences in any of the subscales of EDI-2 were observed between mothers of teenagers with or without eating disorders. No differences in perfectionism, maturity fears, impulsivity and interpersonal distrust were observed between adolescents with and without eating disorders. The latter had a lesser drive for thinness and inefficacy. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, no differences in behaviors, attitudes and beliefs about food, were observed between mothers of adolescents with and without eating disorders.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/physiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Mothers/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Attitude , Case-Control Studies , Culture , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Mother-Child Relations , Statistics, Nonparametric , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background: Parents have a control role in the development and treatment of eating disorders among teenagers. Aim: To compare attitudes, beliefs and behaviors between mothers of patients with eating disorders and mothers of teenagers without these disorders. Material and methods: Twenty one mother-sibling pairs of adolescents with eating disorders and 15 pairs of adolescents without this condition, but of similar age, were studied. The eating disorders inventory (EDI-2), a self administered questionnaire that includes 91 items, was applied. Results: No differences in any of the subscales of EDI-2 were observed between mothers of teenagers with or without eating disorders. No differences in perfectionism, maturity fears, impulsivity and interpersonal distrust were observed between adolescents with and without eating disorders. The latter had a lesser drive for thinness and inefficacy. Conclusions: In this sample, no differences in behaviors, attitudes and beliefs about food, were observed between mothers of adolescents with and without eating disorders.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adolescent Behavior/physiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Mothers/psychology , Attitude , Case-Control Studies , Culture , Mother-Child Relations , Statistics, Nonparametric , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Eating disorders may have serious organic consequences derived from under nutrition, specific nutrient deficiencies and electrolytic disturbances and reach a mortality as high as 12%. AIM: To describe the features and outcome after six months of treatment of patients attending the Eating Disorders Unit at the Catholic University Hospital in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of medical records of patients with eating disorders that received a multidisciplinary treatment by a team of nutritionists, psychiatrists and psychologists and were seen at least twice in a period of six months. RESULTS: The records of 81 patients (mean age 16.3+/-3 years, only one male) were included in the review. Forty nine patients had Anorexia Nervosa of the restricting type, five of the purging type, 22 had Bulimia Nervosa of the purging type and two of the non purging type and three patients had an eating disorder not otherwise specified. Eighty percent consulted within the first year of symptom appearance. Sixty five percent came from families with both parents living together, 57% had a rigid and agglutinated family structure and 65% had occult crises. Depression or dysthymia was found in 45% of patients and drug therapy was required at the beginning of treatment in 25%. Obsessive traits (40.4%) were significantly related to restrictive eaters. A past history of obesity or overweight was common. After six months of treatment, body mass index increasing significantly in restrictive eaters with obsessive traits and occult family crises was noticed. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary therapeutic intervention improved body mass index and family symptoms in patients with restrictive eating disorders.
Subject(s)
Family Therapy , Feeding and Eating Disorders/therapy , Personality Disorders/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology , Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Anorexia Nervosa/therapy , Body Mass Index , Bulimia/epidemiology , Bulimia/psychology , Bulimia/therapy , Child , Chile/epidemiology , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Sex Distribution , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Female , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis , Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology , Anorexia Nervosa/etiology , Anorexia Nervosa/pathology , Anorexia Nervosa/therapy , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
El trabajo terapéutico con familias que alojan miembros con trastorno de alimentación transcurre entre dos andariveles: las intervenciones en crisis por causa médica, psicológica o psiquiátrica y la terapia propiamente dicha. La unidad de trabajo relacional sobre la cual se contruirá la futura autonomía de los miembros de la familia es la Unidad Edípica. En los trastornos de alimentación esta unidad está bloqueada en su desarrollo por temas referidos al peso, la imagen y la alimentación. Se presenta un modelo tripartito a través del cual es posible construir en terapia una narrativa que desplace los conflictos que someten a la familia a un riesgo vital desde la alimentación hacia la relación y hacia la subjetividad particular de la paciente articulando los diferentes niveles
Subject(s)
Anorexia , Family Therapy , Weight Perception , Diet , Self ConceptABSTRACT
El trabajo terapéutico con familias que alojan miembros con trastorno de alimentación transcurre entre dos andariveles: las intervenciones en crisis por causa médica, psicológica o psiquiátrica y la terapia propiamente dicha. La unidad de trabajo relacional sobre la cual se contruirá la futura autonomía de los miembros de la familia es la Unidad Edípica. En los trastornos de alimentación esta unidad está bloqueada en su desarrollo por temas referidos al peso, la imagen y la alimentación. Se presenta un modelo tripartito a través del cual es posible construir en terapia una narrativa que desplace los conflictos que someten a la familia a un riesgo vital desde la alimentación hacia la relación y hacia la subjetividad particular de la paciente articulando los diferentes niveles
Subject(s)
Family Therapy , Anorexia , Weight Perception , Self Concept , DietABSTRACT
Cuando el posmodernismo deconstruye la realidad cartesiana algo sucede con el funcionamiento histérico. Fragmentos del discurso occidental son admitidos en la coherencia previa. La pregunta acerca de la esencia femenina seguirá y atravesará la organización histérica subjetiva. En este artículo se describirá los rasgos del discurso de una cliente femenina posmoderna. Se analizará la estructura y el tópico como ômujer posmoõ a través de una cliente femenina llamada M. El tema no está resuelto y la discusión está abierta a pensar acerca de ello.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hysteria , Women/psychology , Postmodernism , Feminism , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
Con el propósito de conocer la utilización de los productos del PNAC, se cuantificó la ingesta de leche "Purita Cereal"-en 174 niños de 1 a 5 años de edad controlados en el Consultorio Til Til, durante agosto a octubre de 1984. El grupo de lactantes 12-23 meses presentó ingesta inadecuada, en tanto que un consumo más aceptable fue frecuente en el grupo de preescolares. Estas observaciones se relacionan con la tolerancia digestiva y aceptabilidad organoléptica determinadas para la LC en nuestro estudio. Se da énfasis en la necesidad de mantener continuidad en investigaciones sobre utilización de los diferentes alimentos del PNAC, con el fin de colaborar en el desarrollo y marcha del Programa
