ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to investigate the possible genetic association of functional CTLA4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to non-anterior uveitis. Four hundred and seventeen patients with endogenous non-anterior uveitis and 1517 healthy controls of Spanish Caucasian origin were genotyped for the CTLA4 polymorphisms rs733618, rs5742909 and rs231775, using predesigned TaqMan(©) allele discrimination assays. PLINK software was used for the statistical analyses. No significant associations between the CTLA4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to global non-anterior uveitis were found. It was also the case when the potential association of these genetic variants with the anatomical localization of the disease, such as intermediate, posterior or panuveitis, was assessed. Our results do not support a relevant role of these CTLA4 polymorphisms in the non-anterior uveitis genetic predisposition.
Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Genetic , Uveitis/genetics , Adult , CTLA-4 Antigen , Female , Humans , Male , Spain , White PeopleABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES) in a subset of patients > 50 years old in Valladolid, Spain, calculate internal validity of two DES screening questionnaires, and correlate the results with DES diagnostic tests. METHODS: Patients > 50 years-old were randomly selected from the medical network census in Valladolid; they answered the modified McMonnies questionnaire (Q1) and the Ocular Surface Index questionnaire (Q2) and then underwent an ophthalmic evaluation which included: tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein and Rose Bengal staining, and Schirmer with anesthesia were performed. Descriptive analysis, test concordance analysis, and Q1 and Q2 reliability using ROC curves were performed. RESULTS: A total of 270 subjects (58.2% female; 41.8% male) with an average age of 64.5 years (95% CI: 63.3 - 65.7) were enrolled. The prevalence of DES based on the Schirmer-Tear break-up time tests combination was 24.2%. The mean Q1 score was 1.2, and 1.4 for Q2. Grittiness and discomfort in dry environments (28.9%) were the most common symptoms recorded for Q1. For Q2 "grittiness" (99.2%) and "burning sensation" (98.9%)were the most common symptoms. With the Schirmer-TBUT combination, DES prevalence in Valladolid was 24.2%, 45.8% with TBUT, and 45.6% with Schirmer test. Values for the areas under the ROC curve for Q1, Q2, and most objective tests were < 0.5, except for Q2 and TBUT (0.503). Cronbach alpha was > 0.7 for all Q1 and Q2 items. Statistically significant concordance was reported for Schirmer - TBUT (κ=0.14) and TBUT- fluorescein staining (κ=0.09); (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Q1 and Q2 were unreliable for DES diagnosis and showed poor internal consistency. Fluorescein and Rose Bengal staining were the most concordant tests for DES diagnosis. Finally, there was no correlation between either screening questionnaire and objective DES diagnostic tests.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Aged , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/psychology , Female , Fluorescein , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Prevalence , ROC Curve , Reproducibility of Results , Rose Bengal , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spain/epidemiology , Staining and Labeling/methods , Surface Tension , Tears/chemistry , Tears/metabolismABSTRACT
PropósitoReportar la prevalencia del síndrome de ojo seco (SOS) y calcular la validez interna de dos cuestionarios para diagnosticar el síndrome de ojo seco y correlacionarlo con los resultados de varias pruebas diagnósticas.Material y métodoSe seleccionaron pacientes mayores de 50 años del sistema de salud de Castilla y León, en Valladolid. Contestaron los cuestionarios modificados de McMonnies (Q1) y Ocular Surface Index questionnaire (OSDI, Q2) y se les realizó: tiempo de ruptura lagrimal (TBUT), tinciones con fluoresceína y rosa de bengala y Schirmer con anestesia. Se registraron los resultados y se realizó análisis descriptivo, de concordancia y fiabilidad de Q1 y Q2 mediante áreas bajo la curva ROC.ResultadosUn total de 270 sujetos (58,2% mujeres; 41,8% hombres) con edad promedio de 64,5 años (IC 95%: 63,3 - 65,7) se enrolaron. El promedio de Q1 fue de 1,2 y la sensación de arenillas y las molestias en ambientes secos los síntomas más frecuentes. Para Q2 99,2% fueron sensación de arenillas y 98,9% sensación de ardor. Con la combinación Schirmer-TBUT, la prevalencia del SOS en Valladolid fue del 24,2%, 45,8% con TBUT y 45,6% con Schirmer. Utilizando Schirmer-TBUT, la prevalencia del SOS fue de 27,6% para mujeres (p<0,15) y 19,6% para hombres. Los valores del área bajo la curva ROC para Q1, Q2 y la mayoría de las pruebas diagnósticas fueron<0,5, excepto para Q2 y TBUT (0,503). Para Schirmer-TBUT, el valor de Q1 fue de 0,49 y 0,45 para Q2. Los valores de Cronbach alfa fue > 0,7 para todos los ítems de Q1 y Q2. Se obtuvieron concordancias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) con la combinación Schirmer TBUT (κ=0,14) y TBUT- tinción fluoresceína (κ=0,09)(AU)
ConclusionesQ1 y Q2 no son fiables para el diagnóstico del SOS y tienen pobre consistencia interna. Las tinciones con fluoresceína y rosa de bengala resultaron ser las más concordantes para el diagnóstico del SOS. No hay correlación entre los cuestionarios y las pruebas diagnósticas objetivas del SOS(AU)
PurposeTo report the prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES) in a subset of patients > 50 years old in Valladolid, Spain, calculate internal validity of two DES screening questionnaires, and correlate the results with DES diagnostic tests.MethodsPatients > 50 years-old were randomly selected from the medical network census in Valladolid; they answered the modified McMonnies questionnaire (Q1) and the Ocular Surface Index questionnaire (Q2) and then underwent an ophthalmic evaluation which included: tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein and Rose Bengal staining, and Schirmer with anesthesia were performed. Descriptive analysis, test concordance analysis, and Q1 and Q2 reliability using ROC curves were performed.ResultsA total of 270 subjects (58.2% female; 41.8% male) with an average age of 64.5 years (95% CI: 63.3 - 65.7) were enrolled. The prevalence of DES based on the Schirmer-Tear break-up time tests combination was 24.2%. The mean Q1 score was 1.2, and 1.4 for Q2. Grittiness and discomfort in dry environments (28.9%) were the most common symptoms recorded for Q1. For Q2 grittiness (99.2%) and burning sensation (98.9%)were the most common symptoms. With the Schirmer-TBUT combination, DES prevalence in Valladolid was 24.2%, 45.8% with TBUT, and 45.6% with Schirmer test. Values for the areas under the ROC curve for Q1, Q2, and most objective tests were < 0.5, except for Q2 and TBUT (0.503). Cronbach alpha was > 0.7 for all Q1 and Q2 items. Statistically significant concordance was reported for Schirmer TBUT (κ=0.14) and TBUT- fluorescein staining (κ=0.09); (P<0.05).ConclusionsQ1 and Q2 were unreliable for DES diagnosis and showed poor internal consistency. Fluorescein and Rose Bengal staining were the most concordant tests for DES diagnosis. Finally, there was no correlation between either screening questionnaire and objective DES diagnostic tests(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Xerophthalmia/diagnosis , Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Fluoresceins , Rose BengalABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine changes in the retinal activity of two enzymes related to the glutathione metabolism (Glutathione synthetase -GSHS- and glutathione reductase -GSSGR-) after vitrectomy using BSS Plus(R). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five pigmented rabbits were distributed in 6 groups: group I (GSHS control in retinal tissue); Group II (analysis of GSHS at 3 hours post-vitrectomy); Group III (determination of GSHS at 48 hours after vitrectomy); Group IV (GSSGR control in retinal tissue); Group V (measurement of GSSGR at 3 hours post-surgery) and Group VI (study of GSSGR at 48 hours post-vitrectomy). Statistical analysis was done by a parametric test (ANOVA of single factor) (p<0.05). RESULTS: The activity of these enzymes was: Group I (n=5, basal GSHS). 2785,63 D.S. 419,51 U/g; Group II (n=4, GSHS at 3 hours). 6053,50 D.S. 2788,84 U/g; Group III (n=4, GSHS at 48 hours). 7424,30 D.S. 997,47 U/g; Group IV (n=10, basal GSSGR). 150,86 D.S. 24,40 mU/mL; Group V (n=7, GSSGR at 3 hours). 212,03 D.S. 53,30 mU/mL; Group VI (n=8, GSSGR at 48 hours). 210,84 D.S. 46,03 mU/mL. CONCLUSIONS: At retinal tissue, BSS Plus(R) intraocular irrigating solution increases GSHS activity without modifications of GSSGR levels. It seems to be related to the <
Subject(s)
Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Glutathione Synthase/metabolism , Ophthalmic Solutions/pharmacology , Retina/drug effects , Vitrectomy , Animals , Bicarbonates , Electrolytes , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Glutathione , Rabbits , Retina/enzymology , Sodium Chloride , Therapeutic IrrigationABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar las modificaciones de la actividad retiniana de dos enzimas relacionados con el glutation (glutation sintetasa GSHS y glutation reductasa GSSGR) utilizando el BSS plus® como solución de irrigación intraocular durante la vitrectomía.Material y método: Cuarenta y cinco conejos pigmentados adultos fueron distribuidos en 6 grupos: grupo I (control GSHS en retina); grupo II (medida de la GSHS a las 3 horas post-cirugía); grupo III (análisis de la GSHS a las 48 horas después de la vitrectomía); grupo IV (control GSSGR en retina); grupo V (medida de la GSSGR a las 3 horas post-vitrectomía) y grupo VI (determinación de la GSSGR a las 48 horas post-cirugía). La determinación de la actividad enzimática fue realizada mediante un procedimiento cinético específico para cada uno de los enzimas estudiados. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo mediante un análisis de la varianza (p<0,05).Resultados: Los resultados fueron los siguientes: grupo I (n=5, GSHS basal). 2785,63 D.E. 419,51 U/g; grupo II (n=4, GSHS a las 3 horas). 6053,50 D.E. 2788,84 U/g; grupo III (n=4, GSHS a las 48 horas). 7424,30 D.E. 997,47 U/g; grupo IV (n=10, GSSGR basal). 150,86 D.E. 24,40 mU/mL; grupo V (n=7, GSSGR a las 3 horas). 212,03 D.E. 53,30 mU/mL; grupo VI (n=8, GSSGR a las 48 horas). 210,84 D.E. 46,03 mU/mL.Conclusiones: A nivel retiniano, la solución BSS plus® activa la enzima GSHS sin modificar la enzima GSSGR, lo que podría indicar una síntesis de novo del glutation (AU)
Subject(s)
Rabbits , Animals , Vitrectomy , Ophthalmic Solutions , Retina , Therapeutic Irrigation , Enzyme Activation , Glutathione Reductase , Glutathione SynthaseABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Several antioxidant substances have been included in intraocular solutions for vitrectomy in order to reduce oxidative stress. The objective of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant effect of BBS plus(R) (with oxidized glutathione) by means of determining scores of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in retinal tissue at different post vitrectomy time-periods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty pigmented rabbits distributed in three groups (n=10). Group I: Control (no surgery); group II: Vitrectomy adding BSS plus(R), scoring of malondialdehyde at 3 hours post surgery; group III: Vitrectomy adding BBS plus(R), analysis of malondialdehide at 48 hours after vitrectomy. Retinal samples were used to determine the score of malondialdehyde using ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA-Scheffé test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Scores of free MDA (microgram of retinal tissue) were: group I (n=8): 1.080 S.D. 0.389 microgram group II (n=8): 1.273 S.D. 0.710 microgram and group III (n=10): 0.639 S.D. 0.374 microgram. CONCLUSIONS: BSS plus(R) showed antioxidant effects in retinal tissue which were observed better at a later rather than early stage after a vitrectomy.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Bicarbonates/pharmacology , Glutathione/pharmacology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Ophthalmic Solutions/pharmacology , Vitrectomy/adverse effects , Animals , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Bicarbonates/administration & dosage , Biomarkers/analysis , Drug Combinations , Glutathione/administration & dosage , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , RabbitsABSTRACT
Objetivo: El comportamiento prooxidante de la vitrectomía y sus efectos deletéreos sobre el globo ocular, especialmente a nivel de la retina, han determinado la necesidad de incorporar sustancias antioxidantes en las soluciones de irrigación intraocular. Se pretende valorar la capacidad antioxidante del BSS plus® (que incorpora el antioxidante glutation oxidado) mediante la determinación de los niveles del derivado de lipoperoxidación Malondialdehido (MDA) en la retina a distintos tiempos post-vitrectomía. Material y métodos: Treinta conejos pigmentados adultos fueron distribuidos en 3 grupos (n=10). Grupo I: Control (sin cirugía); Grupo II: Vitrectomía + BSS plus®, determinación de malondialdehido a las 3 horas; Grupo III: Vitrectomía + BSS plus®, determinación de malondialdehido a las 48 horas. Los niveles de malondialdehido libre en retina se determinaron mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución de pares iónicos. Para la comparación de resultados se utilizó un test anova-Scheffé (p<0,05). Resultados: Las concentraciones de MDA libre (µg/g de tejido retiniano) fueron: grupo I (n=8), 1.080 D.S. 0,389 µg/g; grupo II (n=8), 1.273 D.S. 0,710 µg/g y grupo III (n=10), 0,639 D.S. 0,374 µg/g. Conclusiones: La solución BSS plus® muestra mejor comportamiento como antioxidante sobre la retina en tiempos tardíos (p<0,05) que en tiempos precoces post-vitrectomía (AU)
Subject(s)
Rabbits , Animals , Vitrectomy , Biomarkers , Lipid Peroxidation , Ophthalmic Solutions , Antioxidants , Bicarbonates , Drug Combinations , Malondialdehyde , GlutathioneABSTRACT
El documento contiene cinco estudios exploratorios realizados por los trabajadores sociales, colaborados por los otros profecionales integrantes de los euipos que trabajan en zonas rurales, areas de accion de los programas de la Fundacion San Gabriel. Estos estudios constutiyen documentos de informacion general de la zonas, son parte de la etapa de reconocimiento, promocion y movilizacion, con que se inicia el trabajo. Dan una vision general sobre datos agropecuarios, recursos institucionales y poblacionales. Creemos que puede ser un documento de interes para las personas y organizaciones que deseen tener informacion sobre estas areas.
