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2.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 65(8): 447-455, oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-177149

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Mejorar el rendimiento de la escala Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II para la predicción de muerte hospitalaria en pacientes críticos con cáncer. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 522 pacientes con cáncer sólido admitidos en UCI. Se creó la «escala APACHE II para pacientes con cáncer sólido» (escala APACHE IIPCC); se adicionaron variables típicas del paciente oncológico crítico a la escala APACHE II general. Se evaluó la calibración (prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow [H-L]) y discriminación (área bajo la curva de las características operativas del receptor [ACOR]). Se utilizó la mejora en la discriminación integrada (IDI), mejora neta en la reclasificación (NRI; 20% como valor de corte en el riesgo de muerte) y NRI cuantitativo (cNRI) para evaluar la mejora en la predicción de muerte hospitalaria con el nuevo modelo. Resultados: La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 13%. La discriminación fue superior con la escala APACHE IICCP (ACOR = 0,91 [IC del 95% 0,87-0,94; p < 0,0001]) comparado con la escala APACHE II general (ACOR = 0,62 [IC del 95% 0,54-0,70; p = 0,002]). La calibración fue mejor con la escala APACHE IICCP (H-L p = 0,267 vs. p = 0,001). En el análisis de reclasificación se observó una mejora en la predicción de muerte con la escala APACHE IICCP (IDI = 0,2994 [p < 0,0001]; cNRI = 134,3% [IC del 95% 108,8-159,8%; p < 0,0001]; NRI = 41,5% [IC del 95% 23,7-59,3%; p < 0,0001]). Conclusiones: La escala APACHE IICCP fue superior a la escala APACHE II general en la predicción de muerte en pacientes críticos con cáncer sólido. Se requieren otros estudios que validen este nuevo modelo predictivo


Objective: To improve the accuracy of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II model for predicting hospital mortality in critically ill cancer patients. Materials and methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 522 patients admitted to ICU with a solid tumor. We developed the "APACHE II score for critically ill patients with a solid tumor" (APACHE IICCP score), in which typical variables of critically ill cancer patients were added to general APACHE II score. Calibration and discrimination were evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow test (H-L) and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC), respectively. The improvement in predicting hospital mortality with the new model was assessed using a reclassification analysis by integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI; cut-off point of 20% in risk of death) and quantitative NRI (qNRI). Results: The hospital mortality rate was 13%. Discrimination was superior for APACHE IICCP score (AROC=0.91 [95% CI 0.87-0.94; P<.0001]) compared to general APACHE II score (AROC=0.62 [95% CI 0.54-0.70; P=.002]). Calibration was better using APACHE IICCP score (H-L; P=.267 vs. P=.001). In reclassification analysis, an improved mortality prediction was observed with APACHE IICCP score (IDI=0.2994 [P<.0001]; total qNRI=134.3% [95% CI 108.8-159.8%; P<.0001]; total NRI=41.5% [95% CI 23.7-59.3%; P<.0001]). Conclusions: The performance of APACHE IICCP score was superior to that observed for general APACHE II score in predicting mortality in critically ill patients with a solid tumor. Other studies validating this new predictive model are required


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Critical Illness/classification , Severity of Illness Index , Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors , APACHE , Neoplasms/classification , Prospective Studies , Hospital Mortality , Risk Adjustment/methods
3.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) ; 65(8): 447-455, 2018 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29779786

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To improve the accuracy of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II model for predicting hospital mortality in critically ill cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 522 patients admitted to ICU with a solid tumor. We developed the "APACHE II score for critically ill patients with a solid tumor" (APACHE IICCP score), in which typical variables of critically ill cancer patients were added to general APACHE II score. Calibration and discrimination were evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow test (H-L) and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC), respectively. The improvement in predicting hospital mortality with the new model was assessed using a reclassification analysis by integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI; cut-off point of 20% in risk of death) and quantitative NRI (qNRI). RESULTS: The hospital mortality rate was 13%. Discrimination was superior for APACHE IICCP score (AROC=0.91 [95% CI 0.87-0.94; P<.0001]) compared to general APACHE II score (AROC=0.62 [95% CI 0.54-0.70; P=.002]). Calibration was better using APACHE IICCP score (H-L; P=.267 vs. P=.001). In reclassification analysis, an improved mortality prediction was observed with APACHE IICCP score (IDI=0.2994 [P<.0001]; total qNRI=134.3% [95% CI 108.8-159.8%; P<.0001]; total NRI=41.5% [95% CI 23.7-59.3%; P<.0001]). CONCLUSIONS: The performance of APACHE IICCP score was superior to that observed for general APACHE II score in predicting mortality in critically ill patients with a solid tumor. Other studies validating this new predictive model are required.


Subject(s)
APACHE , Hospital Mortality , Neoplasms/classification , Neoplasms/mortality , Aged , Critical Illness , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Prospective Studies
4.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 58(10): 578-582, dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-138754

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: La miastenia gravis es una enfermedad autoinmune que cursa con títulos elevados de anticuerpos del tipo de IgG. Estos anticuerpos, aceleran la destrucción de los receptores colinérgicos e interfieren el mecanismo de la transmisión neuromuscular. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar si existen diferencias en la respuesta a la monitorización de la función neuromuscular entre rocuronio y vecuronio en pacintes miasténicos, así como identificar las condiciones de extubación en el quirófano o en la sala de cuidados intensivos. Material y métdos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico en una serie de pacientes miasténicos tipo II a y II b, según la clasificación de Osserman, aleatorizado, simple ciego, subdivididos en: grupo VEC (vecuronio) y grupo ROC (rocuronio). Como parámetros se registraron oximetría, capnografía, frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial no invasiva, electrocardiograma y función neuromuscular. Ésta se monitorizó con un acelerómetro. Se administró 25% de la dosis del bloqueante neuromuscular intraoperatoriamente. El mantenimiento se realizó con infusión continua de propofol y fentalino. Todos los pacientes se extubaron por criterios clínicos y se corroboró con el cociente T4/T1. Resultados: El tiempo de recuperación del 25% (T-25), fue de 53,1 +- 1,9 min en el grupo ROC frente a 65,2 +- 0,8 min en el grupo VEC (p=0,01) y el tiempo total de bloqueo (T-90) fue 71,3+- 2,7 min en el grupo ROC frente a 96,3+- 1,2 min. en el grupo VEC (P=0,001). De los 30 pacientes del Grupo ROC se extubaron 28 (93,3 %), con una recuperación de la altura del twitch de 89,1 +- 0,5 % y un cociente T4/T1 de 0,83. La diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,001). No se administraron dosis de mantenimiento ni se empleó reversión en ningún paciente. Conclusiones: El rocuronio resultó con mejor perfil frente a vecuronio, con lo cual se evita la depresión respiratoria con sus consecuencias inmediatas, principal motivo de búsqueda de un fármaco cuyas características se aproximen a las necesidades clínicas de estos pacientes (AU)


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease marked by high titers of immunoglobulin G antibodies, which accelerate destruction of cholinergic receptors and interfere with neuromuscular transmission. This study aimed to determine whether neuromuscular function under a rocuronium block is different from function under a vecuronium block patients with myasthenia gravis and to describe extubation conditions in the operating room or the intensive care unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized, single-blind clinical trial enrolling patients with myasthenia gravis type IIa and IIb according to the classification of Osserman. The patients were randomized to groups receiving a vecuronium or rocuronium block. We recorded arterial oxygen saturation, capnogram, heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and neuromuscular function by accelerometry. During surgery 25% of the total dose of the neuromuscular blocking agent was administered. Maintenance was with a continuous infusion of propofol and fentanyl. All patients were extubated according to clinical criteria, confirmed by train-of-four ratio (T4/T1). RESULTS: The mean (SD) time elapsed before recovery of 25% of neuromuscular function was 53.1 (1.9) min in the rocuronium group and 56.2 (0.8) min in the vecuronium group (P = .01). Time elapsed before recovery of 90% of function was 71.3 (2.7) min in the rocuronium group and 96.3 (1.2) min in the vecuronium group (P = .001). Twenty-eight of the 30 patients in the rocuronium group (93.3%) were extubated with recovery of 89.1% (0.5%) of twitch response and a T4/T1 ratio of 0.83. The difference between groups was statistically significant (P = .01). In no case was it necessary to administer a maintenance dose or reverse the block. CONCLUSIONS: The rocuronium block had a better profile than the vecuronium block in this study. With this blocking agent we were able to circumvent respiratory depression, with its immediate consequences, and thus meet the main clinical criterion when anesthetizing patients with myasthenia gravis (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Myasthenia Gravis/drug therapy , Receptors, Cholinergic/therapeutic use , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/metabolism , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/therapeutic use , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/metabolism , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/pharmacokinetics , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/antagonists & inhibitors , Heart Rate , Propofol/therapeutic use , Fentanyl/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 58(10): 611-613, dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-138758

ABSTRACT

Describimos el uso de sugammadex en un paciente trasplantado renal, en el cual se utilizó rocuronio. Paciente varón, trasplantado renal 4 años antes. Ingresó en el hospital por linfoma gástrico no Hodgkin y hemorragia digestiva que precisaba cirugía. Se constató hipertensión arterial, taquicardia y extrasístoles ventriculares frecuentes. La inducción de la anestesia se realizó con propofol, fentanilo y rocuronio. La intubación se realizó sin incidencias. Se monitorizó la oximetría de pulso, capnografía, frecuencia cardiaca, electrocardiograma, presión arterial invasiva, gasto cardiaco, volumen sistólico, el índice biespectral, temperatura y función neuromuscular. Para el mantenimiento se empleó infusión de propofol, fentanilo y rocuronio en dos bolos de 20 mg guiados por TOF (tren de cuatro estímulos). La diuresis total fue de 1.100 mI. La intervención duró 4 horas 30 minutos. Al finalizar la intervención, la recuperación espontánea de la función neuromuscular llegó hasta dos respuestas del TOF, por lo que se administró 2 mg/kg de sugammadex. Se apreció un TOFr de 94% tras 158 segundos de inyectado el fármaco. El paciente fue extubado sin complicaciones. El sugammadex es un agente utilizable en pacientes trasplantados renales, toda vez que al recuperar el filtrado glomerular puede excretar el complejo sugammadex-rocuronio (AU)


We report the use of sugammadex to reverse a rocuronium block in a man who had received a kidney transplant 4 years earlier. The patient was admitted for gastric non-Hodgkins lymphoma and bleeding that required surgery. Arterial hypertension, tachycardia, and frequent ventricular extrasystoles were detected. Anesthetic induction was accomplished with propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium; intubation was uneventful. We monitored pulse oximetry, capnography, heart rate, electrocardiography, arterial pressure (invasive), cardiac output, end-systolic volume, bispectral index, temperature, and neuromuscular function. Anesthesia was maintained with an infusion of propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium guided by train-of-four (TOF) ratio. Total diuresis was 1100 mL. The operation lasted 4.5 hours. Recovery of neuromuscular response was spontaneous until the second TOF twitch, after which we injected 2 mg/kg of sugammadex. A TOF ratio of 0.94 was recorded 158 seconds after injection of the reversal agent. The patient was extubated without complications. Sugammadex can be used in patients with a transplanted kidney, provided the glomerular filtration rate has recovered sufficiently to allow full excretion of the sugammadex-rocuronium complex (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Propofol/therapeutic use , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Intubation/instrumentation , Intubation/methods , Intubation , Lymphoma/complications , Hemorrhage/complications , Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Hypertension/complications , Tachycardia/complications , Tachycardia/drug therapy , Oximetry/methods , Oximetry , Diuresis/physiology
6.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 58(10): 578-82, 2011 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22263401

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease marked by high titers of immunoglobulin G antibodies, which accelerate destruction of cholinergic receptors and interfere with neuromuscular transmission. This study aimed to determine whether neuromuscular function under a rocuronium block is different from function under a vecuronium block patients with myasthenia gravis and to describe extubation conditions in the operating room or the intensive care unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized, single-blind clinical trial enrolling patients with myasthenia gravis type IIa and IIb according to the classification of Osserman. The patients were randomized to groups receiving a vecuronium or rocuronium block. We recorded arterial oxygen saturation, capnogram, heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and neuromuscular function by accelerometry. During surgery 25% of the total dose of the neuromuscular blocking agent was administered. Maintenance was with a continuous infusion of propofol and fentanyl. All patients were extubated according to clinical criteria, confirmed by train-of-four ratio (T4/T1). RESULTS: The mean (SD) time elapsed before recovery of 25% of neuromuscular function was 53.1 (1.9) min in the rocuronium group and 56.2 (0.8) min in the vecuronium group (P = .01). Time elapsed before recovery of 90% of function was 71.3 (2.7) min in the rocuronium group and 96.3 (1.2) min in the vecuronium group (P = .001). Twenty-eight of the 30 patients in the rocuronium group (93.3%) were extubated with recovery of 89.1% (0.5%) of twitch response and a T4/T1 ratio of 0.83. The difference between groups was statistically significant (P = .01). In no case was it necessary to administer a maintenance dose or reverse the block. CONCLUSIONS: The rocuronium block had a better profile than the vecuronium block in this study. With this blocking agent we were able to circumvent respiratory depression, with its immediate consequences, and thus meet the main clinical criterion when anesthetizing patients with myasthenia gravis.


Subject(s)
Androstanols/therapeutic use , Myasthenia Gravis , Neuromuscular Blockade , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/therapeutic use , Thymectomy , Vecuronium Bromide/therapeutic use , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Rocuronium , Single-Blind Method
7.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 58(10): 611-3, 2011 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22263406

ABSTRACT

We report the use of sugammadex to reverse a rocuronium block in a man who had received a kidney transplant 4 years earlier. The patient was admitted for gastric non-Hodgkins lymphoma and bleeding that required surgery. Arterial hypertension, tachycardia, and frequent ventricular extrasystoles were detected. Anesthetic induction was accomplished with propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium; intubation was uneventful. We monitored pulse oximetry, capnography, heart rate, electrocardiography, arterial pressure (invasive), cardiac output, end-systolic volume, bispectral index, temperature, and neuromuscular function. Anesthesia was maintained with an infusion of propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium guided by train-of-four (TOF) ratio. Total diuresis was 1100 mL. The operation lasted 4.5 hours. Recovery of neuromuscular response was spontaneous until the second TOF twitch, after which we injected 2 mg/kg of sugammadex. A TOF ratio of 0.94 was recorded 158 seconds after injection of the reversal agent. The patient was extubated without complications. Sugammadex can be used in patients with a transplanted kidney, provided the glomerular filtration rate has recovered sufficiently to allow full excretion of the sugammadex-rocuronium complex.


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , gamma-Cyclodextrins/therapeutic use , Adult , Humans , Male , Neuromuscular Blockade , Sugammadex
8.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 49(7): 360-4, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12455116

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of circulating IgG antibodies, which interact with acetylcholine receptors and interfere with neuromuscular transmission. OBJECTIVES: To compare neuromuscular function when mivacurium is used in patients with myasthenia gravis and patients with no impairment of transmission at the neuromuscular synapse. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective study of 40 patients in two groups. Group I (n = 20) consisted of patients with no impairment of neuromuscular transmission who underwent sternotomy or mediastinoscopy and who received 2 ED95 of mivacurium. Group II (n = 20) were patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent transsternal thymectomy and received 0.5 ED95 of mivacurium (50 micrograms/Kg). The neuromuscular function of all patients was monitored by accelerometry of the thumb adductor. RESULTS: All demographic variables except sex were similar in the two groups. Time to maximal block, duration of block and the recovery at T1 25-75 were significantly greater in group II (250 +/- 10 s, 29.1 +/- 2.4 min and 8.1 +/- 1.5 min, respectively) than in group I (188 +/- 13 s, 21.2 +/- 0.4 min and 7.1 +/- 0.2 min in group I). Maintenance doses were given more often in group I. At the end of surgery and before recovery from mivacurium, the mean twitch height in group II was 89.3 +/- 0.5%, such that tracheal tubes were removed from 95% of the patients without complications. The mean time until extubation in group II was 17.8 +/- 1.3 min and was related to the extension of the blocks. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The anesthetic effect of mivacurium was twice as great in myasthenic patients, in whom it behaved like an intermediate-level non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. Mivacurium can reduce prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients who are myasthenic or pharmacologically immunosuppressed and at risk of sepsis arising in the respiratory tract.


Subject(s)
Intraoperative Period , Isoquinolines/therapeutic use , Myasthenia Gravis/complications , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/therapeutic use , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Thymectomy , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mivacurium , Prospective Studies , Sternum , Thymectomy/methods
9.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 49(7): 360-364, ago. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-18776

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La miastenia gravis es una enfermedad autoinmune que se caracteriza por presentar anticuerpos circulantes del tipo IgG. Estos anticuerpos interactúan con los receptores colinérgicos e interfieren en el mecanismo de la transmisión neuromuscular. Objetivos: Identificar las diferencias en la respuesta a la monitorización de la función neuromuscular con el empleo de mivacurio en pacientes miasténicos y compararlo con los resultados de los pacientes sin afección de la placa neuromuscular. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo en 40 pacientes, divididos en dos grupos. El grupo I (n = 20) fueron pacientes sin afecciones de la placa neuromuscular a los que se les practicó esternotomías o mediastinoscopías y recibieron 2ED95 de mivacurio. El grupo II (n = 20) eran pacientes con miastenia gravis a los cuales se les realizó timectomía transesternal y se les administró 0,5 ED95 de mivacurio (50 mg/Kg).A todos se les monitorizó la función neuromuscular con aceloremetría del aductor del pulgar. Resultados: Las variables demográficas fueron homogéneas en ambos grupos a excepción del sexo. Los tiempos hasta el bloqueo máximo, de duración clínica, y el índice de recuperación T1 25-75 fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo II: 250 ñ 10 s, 29,1 ñ 2,4 min y 8,1 ñ 1,5 min, respectivamente, y 188 ñ13 s, 21,2 ñ 0,4 min y 7,1 ñ 0,2 min en el grupo I. Las dosis de mantenimiento fueron más frecuentes en este grupo. Al finalizar el acto quirúrgico y sin descurarizar los pacientes, los valores medios de la altura del twitch en el grupo II fué de 89,3 ñ 0,5 por ciento, por lo que el 95 por ciento de los pacientes fueron extubados sin complicaciones. La extensión del bloqueo en estos pacientes condicionó que la media del tiempo que tardaron para extubarse la totalidad del grupo II ascendiera a 17,8 ñ 1,3 min. Estas diferencias resultaron ser estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05). Conclusiones: El mivacurio resultó tener una eficacia clínica 2 veces mayor en el grupo II. Éste se comportó como un bloqueante relajante no despolarizante de acción intermedia en los miasténicos. La prolongación de la ventilación mecánica en los pacientes miasténicos, inmunodeprimidos farmacológicamente y con riesgo de sepsis de origen respiratorio puede ser minimizada con este bloqueante neuromuscular. (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Thymectomy , Intraoperative Period , Sternum , Myasthenia Gravis , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents , Isoquinolines
12.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-15546

ABSTRACT

Se realiza un estudio descriptivo en 40 pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente por colecistectomía laparoscópica en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras en el período de noviembre-diciembre, 1996, con el propósito de evaluar la precisión de la temperatura esofágica vs rectal en el control de temperatura central corporal cental intraoperatoria. Se comprueba un descenso de la temperatura rectal hasta 35§C, como promedio (1-15§C de su valor inicial). Esta disminución ocurre de forma progresiva en los primeros 30min después de la inducción de la anestesia, con estabilidad posterior hasta el valor inferior hasta la culminación del acto anestésico-quirúrgico. La temperatura corporal tomada desde el tercio tomada desde el tercio inferior del esófago, tambié mostró un descenso progresivo en los primeros 30min con igual comportamiento en el tiempo que en la rectal, pero hasta valores de 34§C (2-2,5§C del valor primario), como promedio al culminar el proceder. Se concluye que ambos métodos demostraron ser sensibles para el control de las variaciones de la temperatura corporal central durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica con los valores obtenidos desde el tercio obtenido desd el tercio distal del esófago como más específico como expresión de las variaciones centrales de la temperatura corporal (AU)


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Cholecystectomy/methods , Body Temperature , Esophagus/physiology , Rectum/physiology
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