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1.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 82(11): 675-9, 2007 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17979035

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there are variations in the intraocular pressure (IOP) between the morning and afternoon in healthy subjects. METHODS: This study was carried out in a Primary Care Health Center among usual patients of general practitioners. Two measurements of the intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (between 8 and 9 a.m. and between 5 and 6 p.m.) using a Perkins applanation tonometer. The subjects (119 females and 101 males) had a mean age of 46.3 years, with ages ranging between 14 and 83 years. They were proportionally distributed among 4 age groups (14-24, 25-44, 45-64 and >65 years). RESULTS: The IOP mean values were: right eye, morning time and afternoon, 13.29 and 11.81 mm Hg, respectively (p<0.001); left eye, morning time and afternoon, 13.48 and 12.04 mm Hg (p<0.001). The IOP was significantly higher in males than in females, and showed a weak association with age. CONCLUSIONS: We found a diurnal variation of IOP of approximately 1.5 mm Hg. The time of day when the IOP is measured needs to be considered as a variable in research in ocular hypertension and glaucoma.


Subject(s)
Circadian Rhythm , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomedical Research , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Family Practice , Female , Humans , Male , Manometry , Middle Aged , Ocular Hypertension/diagnosis , Primary Health Care , Sex Factors , Time Factors
2.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 82(11): 675-680, nov. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056804

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comprobar y cuantificar la posible variación de los valores de presión intraocular (PIO) en sujetos sanos, entre la mañana y la tarde. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado en un Centro de Salud entre los consultantes habituales de una consulta de medicina general. Se realizaron dos tomas de presión intraocular el mismo día (la primera entre las 8 y las 9 horas y la segunda entre las 17 y las 18 horas) utilizando un tonómetro de aplanación tipo Perkins. Los sujetos (119 mujeres y 101 hombres, edad media de 46,3 años con un rango entre 14 y 83) estaban distribuidos proporcionalmente en cuatro grupos de edad (14-24, 25-44, 45-64 y >65 años). Resultados: Los valores medios de PIO fueron: Ojo derecho en la mañana y en la tarde 13,29 y 11,81 (p<0,001) respectivamente y Ojo izquierdo en la mañana y en la tarde 13,48 y 12,04 (p<0,001). La PIO fue significativamente mayor en hombres que en mujeres, teniendo una correlación muy débil con la edad. Conclusiones: Constatamos una diferencia en los valores de PIO entre la mañana y la tarde, de aproximadamente 1,5 mmHg. El momento del día en que se determina la PIO debería contemplarse como una variable más en los estudios de hipertensión ocular y glaucoma que la determinan


Objective: To assess whether there are variations in the intraocular pressure (IOP) between the morning and afternoon in healthy subjects. Methods: This study was carried out in a Primary Care Health Center among usual patients of general practitioners. Two measurements of the intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (between 8 and 9 a.m. and between 5 and 6 p.m.) using a Perkins applanation tonometer. The subjects (119 females and 101 males) had a mean age of 46.3 years, with ages ranging between 14 and 83 years. They were proportionally distributed among 4 age groups (14-24, 25-44, 45-64 and >65 years). Results: The IOP mean values were: right eye, morning time and afternoon, 13.29 and 11.81 mm Hg, respectively (p<0.001); left eye, morning time and afternoon, 13.48 and 12.04 mm Hg (p<0.001). The IOP was significantly higher in males than in females, and showed a weak association with age. Conclusions: We found a diurnal variation of IOP of approximately 1.5 mm Hg. The time of day when the IOP is measured needs to be considered as a variable in research in ocular hypertension and glaucoma


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Ocular Hypertension/complications , Ocular Hypertension/diagnosis , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ocular Hypertension/epidemiology , Ocular Hypertension/therapy , Tonometry, Ocular/instrumentation , Tonometry, Ocular/trends , Primary Health Care/trends , Primary Health Care
3.
Prev. tab ; 7(2): 49-53, abr.-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042825

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la efectividad delconsejo médico antitabaco (CMA) en dos poblaciones de fumadores,una con espirometría normal (EN) y otra con espirometría obstructiva(EPOC).Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el ámbitode Atención Primaria. Se realizó espirometría a fumadores mayoresde 40 años. A los que tenían EN se les daba consejo antitabaco durante3-5 minutos, mientras que a los del grupo EPOC se les dedicaban 8-10minutos. Al año se contactó telefónicamente y se les interrogó sobresu hábito tabáquico en ese momento, intentos de abandono y utilizaciónde otros métodos para intentar la abstinencia.Resultados: La muestra la formaban 217 sujetos (176 EN y 41EPOC) con edad media de 50,5 años. El 57,1% eran varones. Hubo 70intentos de abandono (53,7% del grupo EPOC vs 27,3% del grupo EN;χ2 = 10,59; p < 0,001), consiguiendo abandonarlo 19 del grupo EN y 13del grupo EPOC (10,8 vs 31,7%; OR 3,86; IC95% 1,7-8,6). En el análisismultivariante, el sexo masculino, el índice tabáquico, la realización deintentos de deshabituación previa y la alteración en la espirometría fueronlas variables asociadas a mayor frecuencia de abandono.Conclusiones: Los fumadores a los que se diagnostica de EPOCy se les da CMA durante 8-10 minutos abandonan significativamentemás el tabaco que aquellos otros con espirometría normal y un consejode menor duración. Creemos que, en Atención Primaria, debe potenciarsela realización de CMA


Foundation: Fighting against nicotine poisoning is a fundamentalobjective for a Sanitary System. The target of this survey is to assess theeffectiveness of smoking cessation counseling over two samples of smokers,one of them with a normal spirometry (NS) and the other, with apathologic spirometry (COPD).Patients and methodology: Transversal descriptive survey, carriedout within the primary attention area. Smoking patients over their 40’shad a spirometry made. Those patients who smoked and had a normalspirometry (NS group) were given anti-smoking counsel for 3-5 minutes,while those patients with an obstructive spirometry (COPD group),received counsel for 8-10 minutes. One year later, all of them were contactedon the phone and were asked about: their smoking habit in thatmoment, attempts to quit smoking and use of other resources or methodsto reach abstinence.Results: The sample was finally composed of 217 patients (176 NSand 41 COPD) with an average age of 50.5 years; 57.1% of them weremales. There were 70 attempts to quit smoking (53.7% within the COPDgroup vs. 27.3% within the NS group; χ2 = 10.59; p < 0.001); 19 patientsin the NS group and 13 in the COPD group succeeded in giving up smoking(10.8% vs. 31.7%; OR 3.86; IC95% 1.7–8.6 ). In the multi-variantanalysis, the variables which associate with a higher frequency in givingup smoking are: the masculine gender, the tobacco habit indicator, theprevious attempting to break oneself of the habit of smoking and the alterationin the spirometry.Conclussions: Smokers with a COPD diagnosis who receive medicalanti-smoking counsel for 8-10 minutes, give up smoking more significantlythan patients with a normal spirometry and a shorter medicalcounsel. We believe that within the primary attention frame,anti-smoking counsel should be promoted


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Spirometry , Directive Counseling/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive
4.
Aten Primaria ; 30(6): 363-7, 2002 Oct 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12396942

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To find the evolution in the billing of prescriptions for selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors since they came on the market and to compare this evolution in primary care (PC) and specialist care (SC).Design. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING: Toledo Health Area. Main measurements. Data were obtained from the System of Drug Information (SIFAR) to analyse the monthly turnover of NSAID prescriptions (M01A group in the official classification of medicines, including rofecoxib and celecoxib) issued by doctors in PC and SC between January 2000 and June 2001. RESULTS: In our area during the study period, 583,558 NSAID packages were prescribed; 6.61% were COX-2 inhibitors, which represented 29.08% of NSAID expenditure. 98.23% of NSAID packages and 94.61% of COX-2 inhibitors were prescribed in PC. The use of COX-2 inhibitors in SC rose from 10.03% of the total NSAIDs in February 2000 to 29.79% in June 2001; whilst in PC it rose from 1.52% to 10.78%. Rofecoxib and celecoxib were third and fifth in the lists of most prescribed NSAIDs (number of packages) in SC, and ninth and twelfth in PC. In terms of cost of prescription, they were first and second in SC, and first and fourth in PC. CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 inhibitors have become the main NSAIDs prescribed. The appearance of these drugs had a different impact on SC and PC doctors, with greater use of them and a more rapid introduction in SC.


Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Membrane Proteins , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Primary Health Care , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases , Spain
5.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 30(6): 363-367, oct. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-16308

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer la evolución en la facturación de recetas de los inhibidores selectivos de la ciclooxigenasa 2 (ICOX-2) desde su comercialización y comparar dicha evolución en los niveles asistenciales primario (AP) y secundario (AE).Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Área de Salud de Toledo. Mediciones principales. Se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información Farmacéutica (SIFAR) datos para analizar la facturación mensual de las recetas de antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) (grupo M01A de la clasificación oficial de medicamentos, que incluye rofecoxib y celecoxib) prescritas por los médicos de AP y AE entre enero de 2000 y junio de 2001.Resultados. Durante el período de estudio, en nuestra área se prescribieron 583.558 envases de AINE; el 6,61 per cent era ICOX-2, representando el 29,08 per cent del gasto en AINE. El 98,23 per cent de los envases de AINE y el 94,61 per cent de ICOX-2 se prescribieron desde AP. El uso de ICOX-2 en AE pasó del 10,03 per cent del total de AINE (febrero de 2000) al 29,79 per cent (junio de 2001); mientras que en AP pasó del 1,52 per cent al 10,78 per cent. Rofecoxib y celecoxib ocupan el tercero y quinto puestos, respectivamente, en la lista de AINE más prescritos (número de envases) en AE, y el noveno y duodécimo en AP. En cuanto al coste de la prescripción, ocupan el primero y segundo puestos en AE y el primero y cuarto en AP. Conclusiones. Los ICOX-2 han pasado a ocupar los primeros lugares en la prescripción de AINE. La aparición de estos fármacos ha tenido un impacto diferente entre los facultativos de AE y los de AP, observándose un mayor uso y una incorporación más rápida en AE (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Spain , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors , Primary Health Care , Drug Prescriptions , Cross-Sectional Studies , Isoenzymes , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
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