Is pizza sutable to type 1 diabetes? A real life identification of best compromise between taste and low glycemic index in patients on insulin pump.

Opposed to whole wheat (WWP), traditional pizza (TP) is loved by patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) despite causing hyperglycemia. 50 well-trained T1DM patients had higher glucose levels after TP than after WWP or mixed flour pizza, which however was tasty, digestible and metabolically appropriate to break diet monotony.

Granuloma anular: un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico / Granuloma annulare: a therapeutic and diagnostic challenge

Efectuamos una revisión de la etiopatogenia, clínica, histopatología, diagnósticos diferenciales y tratamiento del granuloma anular, cuyas diversas facetas constituyen un desafío para el dermatólogo clínico y en ocasiones el dermatopatólogo.(AU)

A review of the ethiopathogenic, clinical features, histological patterns, differential diagnosis and therapeutics approach of the granuloma annulare are made. The different aspects of this enigmatic disease are a challenge for the clinical dermatologist and the dermopathologist.(AU)

Granuloma anular: un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico / Granuloma annulare: a therapeutic and diagnostic challenge

Efectuamos una revisión de la etiopatogenia, clínica, histopatología, diagnósticos diferenciales y tratamiento del granuloma anular, cuyas diversas facetas constituyen un desafío para el dermatólogo clínico y en ocasiones el dermatopatólogo.

A review of the ethiopathogenic, clinical features, histological patterns, differential diagnosis and therapeutics approach of the granuloma annulare are made. The different aspects of this enigmatic disease are a challenge for the clinical dermatologist and the dermopathologist.

Spatial and temporal variations of Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehrenb.) 1854 Grunow, 1884 in drift and periphyton

Spatial and temporal variations of Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta in drift and periphyton were studied in mountain streams of the Córdoba Province (Argentina). The sampling program was conducted in study sites located on a confluence between different order streams during an annual cycle. Samples were also taken every two hours during the daylight period in high and low water conditions. The relationship between drift and cellular reproduction was evaluated by valve length biometrics analysis. C. placentula var. euglypta drift was continuous; its density was not always dependent on periphyton density in each locality. C. placentula var. euglypta drift could be related to abiotic factors such as temperature and flow during the annual cycle. There were significant differences between periphyton and drift valve lengths. Moreover, drift can be associated with cellular reproduction because density was higher when valve lengths were shorter at different hours of the day. C. placentula var. euglypta epiphytims on Cladophora glomerata also influenced drift density and size distribution, modifying the relationship between periphyton and drift during the late spring when C. placentula var. euglypta was detached from senescent mats.

As variações espaciais e temporais do Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, na deriva e no perifiton, foram estudadas em córregos da montanha da província de Córdoba (Argentina). O programa de amostragem foi conduzido, durante um ciclo anual, nas estações de coleta situadas antes e após uma confluência entre córregos da ordem diferente. As amostras foram feitas também a cada duas horas ao longo do período de luz do dia, sob condições de águas altas e baixas. O relacionamento entre deriva e reprodução celular foi avaliado pela análise biométrica do comprimento da valva. A deriva do C. placentula var. euglypta foi contínua, sua densidade não dependeu sempre da densidade do perifiton em cada uma das estações de coleta. A deriva demonstrou uma correlação com fatores abióticos como a temperatura e o fluxo no ano. Foram obtidas diferenças não significativas entre os comprimentos das valvas do perifiton e da deriva. Adicionalmente, a deriva pode ser associada à reprodução celular porque a densidade foi maior quando os comprimentos das valvas foram mais curtos, em diferentes horas do dia. Epifitia do Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta sobre Cladophora glomerata também influenciou na densidade da deriva e na distribuição dos tamanhos. Modificaram-se os relacionamentos entre as densidades do perifiton e da deriva quando Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta fora desprendido das esteiras senescent , na primavera tardia.

Spatial and temporal variations of Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehrenb.) 1854 Grunow, 1884 in drift and periphyton.

Spatial and temporal variations of Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta in drift and periphyton were studied in mountain streams of the Córdoba Province (Argentina). The sampling program was conducted in study sites located on a confluence between different order streams during an annual cycle. Samples were also taken every two hours during the daylight period in high and low water conditions. The relationship between drift and cellular reproduction was evaluated by valve length biometrics analysis. C. placentula var. euglypta drift was continuous; its density was not always dependent on periphyton density in each locality. C. placentula var. euglypta drift could be related to abiotic factors such as temperature and flow during the annual cycle. There were significant differences between periphyton and drift valve lengths. Moreover, drift can be associated with cellular reproduction because density was higher when valve lengths were shorter at different hours of the day. C. placentula var. euglypta epiphytims on Cladophora glomerata also influenced drift density and size distribution, modifying the relationship between periphyton and drift during the late spring when C. placentula var. euglypta was detached from senescent mats.

Immediate postextraction implants: a histologic and histometric analysis in monkeys.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of peri-implant tissues to immediately placed titanium plasma-sprayed implants into extraction sockets. Six macaca fascicularis monkeys were used in the study. A total of 36 titanium plasma-sprayed implants (PHI, Legnano, Italy) were inserted in both arches (18 in the posterior maxilla and 18 in the posterior mandible). The two premolars and the first molars of the maxilla and the mandible of all animals were extracted, and immediate postextraction implants were placed. After a releasing periosteal incision, the flap was coronally repositioned and sutured. No barrier membranes were used, and the only graft material used was autogenous bone chips. The implants were loaded after 2 months. Six months after implant loading, a block section was carried out, the remaining defects were filled with nonresorbable hydroxyapatite, and all 36 implants were retrieved. The implants were treated with the Precise System (Assing, Rome, Italy), to obtain thin ground sections. A total of three slides were cut for each implant and were examined under normal and polarized light. A histomorphometrical analysis was done. All implants were covered by compact, mature bone under examination in light microscopy. A very high bone-implant contact percentage (65-70%) was observed. No bone loss was present after the loading period. These results indicate that implants placed into fresh extraction sites grafted with autogenous bone chips will heal in a predictable way.

Immediate loading of titanium plasma-sprayed implants: an histologic analysis in monkeys.

Aim of this study was to evaluate peri-implant tissue reactions to immediately loaded titanium plasma-sprayed implants in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. A total of 48 titanium plasma-sprayed implants were inserted (24 in the posterior maxilla and 24 in the posterior mandible). A metal superstructure was cemented 3 days after implant insertion on 24 implants (12 in the maxilla and 12 in the mandible) (test implants). The remaining 24 implants (12 in the maxilla and 12 in the mandible) were left unloaded (control implants). Nine months after implant placement a block section was carried out, the defect filled with non-resorbable hydroxyapatite, and all 48 implants retrieved. The implants were treated to obtain thin ground sections. Three slides were cut for each implant and examined under normal and polarized light and a morphometrical analysis done. All implants were covered by bone under light microscopy. The histomorphometrical analysis demonstrated that in test implants, the bone-implant contact percentage was 67.3% (+/-7.6%) in the maxilla, and 73.2% (+/-5.9%) in the mandible; in control implants the percentages were, respectively, 54.5% (+/-3.3%) and 55.8% (+/-6.5%). In the test implants the bone around the implants tended to have a more compact appearance. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that in test implants the bone-implant contact percentage was significantly greater than in the controls (P < 0.01) and no fibrous connective tissue was present at the interface.

Immediate loading of titanium plasma-sprayed screw-shaped implants in man: a clinical and histological report of two cases.

THIS STUDY REPORTS ON THE histological findings of two immediately loaded titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) implants, retrieved for a fracture of the abutment and for psychological reasons, after 8 and 9 months of loading, respectively. The microscopical analysis showed that mature, compact, cortical bone was present around both implants, with the bone implant contact percentage about 60 to 70%. No fibrous tissue or gaps were present at the interface. No resorption was present in the peri-implant bone. On both implants a few osteoblasts were found positive at the interface for alkaline phosphatase (ALP); while no cells positive for acid phosphatase (ACP) were present. Immediate loading can, perhaps, be used in very selected cases of good bone quality, with implants that have certain macro- (screw shape) and micro-interlocks (titanium plasma-sprayed surface) characteristics. Good results have been reported also for non-TPS surface (e.g., machined surface). More data about different designs (e.g., cylinders) or coatings (e.g., hydroxyapatite) are needed before any firm conclusions about immediate loading can be reached.

Bone reactions to early occlusal loading of two-stage titanium plasma-sprayed implants: a pilot study in monkeys.

This pilot study analyzed the bone reactions to early loaded titanium plasma-sprayed implants. A total of 24 titanium plasma-sprayed implants (12 in the maxilla and 12 in the mandible) (Primary Healing Implant, Legnano) were inserted into four Macaca fascicularis monkeys with instruments specially designed to obtain a precise fit of the implant in the bone socket. A metal superstructure was cemented into 10 mandibular and 10 maxillary implants 15 days after implant insertion. The four remaining implants were used as controls. Eight months after implant placement, a block section was carried out, the defect was filled with nonresorbable hydroxyapatite, and all 24 implants were retrieved. The implants were treated to obtain thin ground sections that were examined under normal and polarized light. Histologic analysis showed that bone was observed around the implant surface in all implants. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that bone lined 67.2% (SD = 3.1%) of the maxillary implant surface, and 80.71% (SD = 4.6%) of the mandibular implant surface. No differences were found in the percentage of bone-implant contact in the control implants. In the loaded implants, however, the bone around the implants had a more compact appearance. The study demonstrated that it is possible to obtain a high percentage of bone-implant contact in early loaded titanium plasma-sprayed implants.

Presence of multinucleated giant cells around machined, sandblasted and plasma-sprayed titanium implants: a histological and histochemical time-course study in rabbit.

A histological and histochemical evaluation was conducted in rabbit to study the presence of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) at the interface with machined, sandblasted and plasma-sprayed titanium implants. No MGCs were observed, at any of the experimental times, around machined and sandblasted titanium surfaces. MGCs were, on the contrary, present at the interface with titanium plasma-sprayed implants at two weeks and at two months. At two weeks these cells were numerous, and in some areas, particularly around the spires, tended to line almost all the implant perimeter surface. MGCs were present in large numbers where bone was present at the interface, while, on the contrary, where there was no newly formed bone, they tended to be fewer in number and smaller in diameter. At four and eight weeks these cells tended to decrease in number. The histochemical staining for acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed that MGCs were negative to ACP, while many ALP-positive osteoblasts, actively secreting osteoid matrix, were in close and tight contact with the MGCs. In no case was an inflammatory infiltrate present in connection with the MGCs. The precise nature of MGCs is still not clear, but our histological and histochemical results could point to a priming effect on the activity of the osteoblasts in a similar way to the supposed role of the osteoclasts.

Effects of alkaline phosphatase on bone healing around plasma-sprayed titanium implants: a pilot study in rabbits.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme thought to be important in the process of biomineralization. ALP promotes hydrolysis of phosphate containing substrates, produces orthophosphate and increases the uptake of calcium. ALP has been demonstrated recently to induce mineralization of collagen sheets in the animal body. Many factors are being investigated to try to increase the quantity of bone around dental implants. The aim of this study was an evaluation of the bone formation around dental implants used in conjunction with ALP extracted from calf intestine. Titanium plasma-sprayed implants were put for 30 min in glasses containing 500 micrograms of ALP, and then inserted into the femoral articular surface of the knee joint. The implants were retrieved after 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks, and treated to obtain thin ground sections. The histological examination showed a higher quantity of bone trabeculae, and at 2 and 3 weeks, the presence of plump, elongated, highly stained, very active ALP-positive osteoblasts around the treated specimens. ALP seems, in the experimental conditions of this pilot study, to have a positive effect on bone formation around titanium plasma-sprayed implants.

Microscopical observations of the osseous responses in early loaded human titanium implants: a report of two cases.

The authors present the histological picture of the surrounding tissues of two screw-shaped titanium plasma-sprayed implants retrieved for a fracture of the abutment after 18 and 42 months, respectively. These two implants were loaded after two months. The microscopical examination showed that both implants were covered in a large part of the implant surface by compact, mature lamellar bone with the presence of many Haversian systems and osteons. With von Kossa staining it was possible to see that the bone at the interface with the implant was highly mineralised. No connective tissue or inflammatory cells were present at the interface.

Comparison of bone regeneration with the use of mineralized and demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts: a histological and histochemical study in man.

Mineralized (FDBA) and demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA) have been proposed as substitutes for autologous bone in oral surgery. The demineralization process has been shown, in rodents, to determine osteoinduction in tissues other than bone. Other investigators have reported poor clinical results, in man, with the use of DFDBA. The aim of the present study was a comparative light microscopical and histochemical analysis of bone regeneration processes, in man, with the use of FDBA and DFDBA. Our histological results showed that in DFDBA only the particles near the host bone were involved in the mineralization processes, while in FDBA even the particles that were farthest from the host bone were lined by osteoblasts, actively secreting osteoid matrix and newly formed bone. These results probably point to a more osteoconductive effect of FDBA. No osteoinduction was observed with FDBA or DFDBA.