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1.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 19259, 2020 11 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33159100

ABSTRACT

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a hyperglycaemic imbalance first recognized during pregnancy, and affects up to 22% of pregnancies worldwide, bringing negative maternal-fetal consequences in the short- and long-term. In order to better characterize GDM in pregnant women, 100 blood plasma samples (50 GDM and 50 healthy pregnant control group) were submitted Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, using chemometric approaches, including feature selection algorithms associated with discriminant analysis, such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), analyzed in the biofingerprint region between 1800 and 900 cm-1 followed by Savitzky-Golay smoothing, baseline correction and normalization to Amide-I band (~ 1650 cm-1). An initial exploratory analysis of the data by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a separation tendency between the two groups, which were then classified by supervised algorithms. Overall, the results obtained by Genetic Algorithm Linear Discriminant Analysis (GA-LDA) were the most satisfactory, with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The spectral features responsible for group differentiation were attributed mainly to the lipid/protein regions (1462-1747 cm-1). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a screening tool for fast and low-cost GDM detection.


Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Support Vector Machine , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
2.
Saude e pesqui. (Impr.) ; 13(3): 645-652, jul.-set. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1121808

ABSTRACT

Examinar a associação entre parto a termo precoce (PTP) e hipoglicemia neonatal em mulheres com hiperglicemia na gestação (HG). 258 mulheres (30,8 ± 6,4 anos) com parto a termo e HG participaram do estudo. A hipoglicemia neonatal foi estabelecida por registro inferior a 45 mg/dl nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. A idade gestacional no parto foi estabelecida por ultrassonografia. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: i) mulheres com PTP (n = 163); ii) mulheres com parto a termo não precoce (n = 95). Os testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, além da regressão logística, foram utilizados para análise de associação. O nível de significância de 5% foi adotado. Houve associação entre PTP e maior ocorrência de hipoglicemia neonatal (RC = 2,88; IC 95%: 1,19­6,96). Neonatos de mulheres com HG e PTP apresentaram maior ocorrência de hipoglicemia que seus pares nascidos a termo não precoce, o que sugere um fator de risco do parto a termo precoce em mulheres com gestação complicada por hiperglicemia.


The association between early term delivery (ETD) and neonatal hypoglycemia in women with diabetes in pregnancy (DP) is analyzed. 258 females (30.8 ± 6.4 years) with term delivery and diabetes in pregnancy participated in current study. Neonatal hypoglycemia was ≤ 45mg/dl in the first 24 hours of life. Gestational age at birth was established by ultrasonography. Sample was divided into (i) ETD females (n = 163) and (ii) females with non-early term delivery (n = 95). The Chi-Squared and Fisher's Exact tests and logistic regression were performed for association analysis at 5% significance level. Early term delivery and higher occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia were associated (OR = 2.88; IC 95%: 1.19 ­ 6.96). Neonates born of females with diabetes during pregnancy and early term delivery had a higher incidence of hypoglycemia than their peers born in non-early term deliveries, which suggests a risk factor for early term delivery in females with pregnancy complicated by hyperglycemia.

3.
Femina ; 47(11): 786-796, 30 nov. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046553

ABSTRACT

Em primeiro de agosto de 2016, considerando-se a relevância do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG), tanto por sua prevalência como pelas consequências para o binômio materno-fetal em curto e em longo prazo, foi realizado, em São Paulo, um fórum de discussão sobre o tema, com o objetivo de definir uma proposta para o diagnóstico de DMG para o Brasil. Nesse contexto, participaram da reunião médicos especializados na assistência a mulheres com DMG: obstetras da Federação Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Febrasgo), endocrinologistas da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD) e consultores da Organização Panamericana de Saúde (Opas/OMS Brasil) e assessores técnicos do Ministério da Saúde. Apresentamos neste documento os principais pontos debatidos visando à análise cuidadosa das possibilidades para diagnóstico de DMG, considerando-se as diferenças de acesso aos serviços de saúde existentes no Brasil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Prenatal Care , Mass Screening , Risk Factors , Postpartum Period
4.
J Infect Public Health ; 8(1): 1-10, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25294086

ABSTRACT

After highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became widespread, several studies demonstrated changes in the incidence of defining and non-defining AIDS cancers among HIV/AIDS patients. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies evaluating the incidence of malignancies before and after the introduction of HAART in people with HIV/AIDS. Eligible studies were searched up to December 2012 in the following databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Cancerlit and Google Scholar. In this study, we determined the cancer risk ratio by comparing the pre- and post-HAART eras. Twenty-one relevant articles were found, involving more than 600,000 people with HIV/AIDS and 10,891 new cases of cancers. The risk for the development of an AIDS-defining cancer decreased after the introduction of HAART: Kaposi's sarcoma (RR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.28-0.33) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.48-0.56), in contrast to invasive cervical cancer (RR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.09-1.94). Among the non-AIDS-defining cancers, the overall risk increased after the introduction of HAART (RR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.79-2.23). The incidence of AIDS-defining cancers decreased and the incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers increased after the early use of HAART, probably due to better control of viral replication, increased immunity and increased survival provided by new drugs.


Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Observational Studies as Topic
5.
ISRN Obstet Gynecol ; 2014: 323657, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25006480

ABSTRACT

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in pregnant and nonpregnant women, testing the correlation between DNA of the viruses with colposcopic and/or cytological changes, and evaluate association with sociodemographic characteristics and sexual activity. Methods. Included in this study were 106 pregnant and 130 nonpregnant women treated at primary health care units of Natal, Brazil, in the period 2010-2011. The patients were examined by colposcopy, and two cervical specimens were collected: one for cytology examination and another for analysis by PCR for detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Results. HSV-1 alone was detected in 16.0% of pregnant and 30.0% of nonpregnant women. For HSV-2, these rates were 12.3% and 15.5%, respectively. HSV-2 had a higher correlation with cytology and/or colposcopy changes than HSV-1 did. Genital HSV-1 infection was not associated with any of the variables tested, whereas HSV-2 infection was associated with ethnicity, marital status, and number of sexual partners. Conclusions. The prevalence of HSV-1 was higher than that observed for HSV-2 in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. The genital infection by HSV-2 was higher in women with changed colposcopy and/or cytology, and it was associated with ethnicity, marital status, and number of sexual partners.

6.
Femina ; 37(10)out. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545669

ABSTRACT

Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo demonstrar o valor do rastreamento e do tratamento das infecções vaginais na gravidez para prevenir o parto pré-termo. Foi realizada ampla pesquisa nas bases de dados Google Scholar, Medline-PubMed, Scielo-Lilacs e Central Cochrane. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos no texto final dez estudos que descreviam nos resultados o rastreamento, o tratamento das infecções e a sua relação com o parto pré-termo. Nesta revisão não foi possível recomendar rastreamento e tratamento para Streptococcus, vaginose bacteriana e infecção por clamídia. O rastreamento e o tratamento para candidíase reduzem significativamente a ocorrência do parto pré-termo. A conduta nos casos de tricomoníase vaginal é não tratá-la durante a gravidez, pois seu tratamento representa fator de risco para prematuridade


The aim of this systematic review is to demonstrate the role of screening and treatment of vaginal infections to avoid preterm delivery. A broad research has been done in Google Scholar, Medline-PubMed, Scielo-Lilacs and Central Cochrane databases. Ten studies that described the role of screening and treatment of vaginal infections to prevent preterm birth met the inclusion criteria. In this review it was not possible to recommend the screening and treatment programs for Streptococcus, Vaginosis and Chlamydia in pregnant women may reduce preterm birth. The screening and treatment for Candidiasis significantly reduce the preterm birth. It is not recommended to treat trichomonas vaginalis during pregnancy, since its treatment represents a risk factor for prematurity


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Candidiasis/microbiology , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Obstetric Labor, Premature/microbiology , Obstetric Labor, Premature/prevention & control , Chlamydia trachomatis , Streptococcus agalactiae , Trichomonas vaginalis , Vaginosis, Bacterial
7.
Femina ; 35(8): 501-505, ago. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-481962

ABSTRACT

Aproximadamente metade dos nascimentos prematuros espontâneos está associada a um processo infeccioso, que se ocorrer em ambiente intra-uterino desencadeia a cascata inflamatória materna e fetal, induzindo as contrações. Um número significativo de parto pré-termo, especialmente aqueles que ocorrem antes de 32 semanas de gestação, parece associar-se a vaginose bacteriana e a outras infecções do trato genital, mesmo que estas se apresentem de forma assintomática. Os genes possivelmente envolvidos na fisiopatologia desta doença codificam mediadores do processo inflamatório, tais como: o fator de necrose tumoral (TNF), fibronectina fetal, defensinas e interleucinas (IL-1, IL-6 e IL-10). Os autores revisam o tema, enfatizando a importância destes mediadores, uma vez que a facilidade no diagnóstico e a discriminação de marcadores preditivos dos processos inflamatórios intra-uterinos permitirão tratar precocemente o trabalho de parto pré-termo de causa infecciosa.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Genital Diseases, Female , Inflammation Mediators , Bacterial Infections/complications , /blood , Risk Factors , Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology , Obstetric Labor, Premature/physiopathology , Obstetric Labor, Premature/prevention & control , Vaginosis, Bacterial
8.
Femina ; 35(5): 317-321, maio 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-458503

ABSTRACT

A macrossomia fetal tem crescente incidência, sendo relacionada ao sobrepeso materno, ganho de peso excessivo na gravidez e diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). A morbimortalidade materna e fetal elevada envolve fatores como hiperglicemia, hiperinsulinemia, presença de co-morbidades e complicações agudas e crônicas próprias do diabetes mellitus. A macrossomia tem repercussões fetais importantes, como o aumento do risco de óbito fetal e complicações como tocotraumatismo, distócias, hipoglicemia neonatal, miocardiopatia hipertrófica, malformações e trombose vascular. As conseqüências maternas observadas são: elevada taxa de cesárea, laceração perineal extensa, hemorragia pós-parto e tempo prolongado de hospitalização. Controle metabólico durante o pré-natal, dieta, exercícios físicos, uso de insulina e interrupção da gravidez com 38 semanas são estratégias utilizadas com o intuito de prevenir esta morbidade. O conhecimento dos fatores de risco possibilita o rastreio e diagnóstico precoce do diabetes gestacional para que, estabelecida uma terapêutica eficaz e individualizada, a grávida seja mantida em euglicemia, prevenindo assim, a ocorrência da macrossomia e suas implicações


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational , Fetal Macrosomia , Hyperglycemia , Obesity , Risk Factors , Weight Gain , Infant Mortality , Maternal Mortality
9.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 10(5): 337-340, Oct. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440693

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Papanicolaou staining for the initial diagnosis of Chlamydial infection in pregnant women. A hundred thirteen patients were examined with a Papanicolaou test, independent of gestational age, parity or maternal age. Three endocervical samples were collected; the first two were collected with a brush (Cytobrush plus, Mediscand, Sweden) and the third with Ayre's spatula. The first specimen was used for McCoy cell culture and the other two were examined cytologically. Chlamydial infection was detected in 9 (7.9 percent) patients. Only one (0.8 percent) was diagnosed by cytological exam. The sensitivity and specificity of the cytological examination were 10 and 98 percent, respectively. The estimated positive predictive value was 33.3 percent and the negative predictive value was 92.7 percent. When Papanicolaou stain diagnosis suggests Chlamydia, a more specific complementary exam should be added to confirm infection; subsequently adequate treatment can be implemented, thereby preventing the frequent complications of untreated subclinical infections.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification , Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Vaginal Smears , Genital Diseases, Female/microbiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Prenatal Care , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Sensitivity and Specificity
10.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 10(5): 337-40, 2006 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17293922

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Papanicolaou staining for the initial diagnosis of Chlamydial infection in pregnant women. A hundred thirteen patients were examined with a Papanicolaou test, independent of gestational age, parity or maternal age. Three endocervical samples were collected; the first two were collected with a brush (Cytobrush plus, Mediscand, Sweden) and the third with Ayre's spatula. The first specimen was used for McCoy cell culture and the other two were examined cytologically. Chlamydial infection was detected in 9 (7.9%) patients. Only one (0.8%) was diagnosed by cytological exam. The sensitivity and specificity of the cytological examination were 10 and 98%, respectively. The estimated positive predictive value was 33.3% and the negative predictive value was 92.7%. When Papanicolaou stain diagnosis suggests Chlamydia, a more specific complementary exam should be added to confirm infection; subsequently adequate treatment can be implemented, thereby preventing the frequent complications of untreated subclinical infections.


Subject(s)
Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification , Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis , Papanicolaou Test , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Vaginal Smears , Female , Genital Diseases, Female/microbiology , Humans , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Prenatal Care , Sensitivity and Specificity
11.
Femina ; 33(11): 869-873, nov. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-446533

ABSTRACT

O crescimento fetal excessivo ou macrossomia tem etiologia multifatorial e pode ser o responsável por várias intercorrências no decurso da gestação, como: asfixia e hipoglicemia neonatal, abortamento e distocia de ombro. Estas são muito nocivas tanto para mãe como para o feto, além de aumentarem o risco para o recém nascido desenvolver obesidade e diabetes tipo 2 na adolescência. Uma das principais causas de macrossomia é a resistência periférica à insulina, devido ao diabetes gestacional. Os fetos macrossômicos que nascem de gravidez com diabetes, freqüentemente apresentam assimetria; entretanto, ainda são avaliados apenas em termos de peso ao nascer e não por características antropométricas que possam sugerir desproporção. O reconhecimento desta intercorrência clínica na gravidez tem especial importância na prevenção de complicações maternas e fetais. Os autores discutem a sensibilidade e a reprodutibilidade dos principais exames utilizados no diagnóstico precoce desta entidade.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Humans , Diabetes, Gestational , Fetal Macrosomia , Pregnancy Complications , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Fetal Growth Retardation
12.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 2003. [83] p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-334496

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) é definido como qualquer grau de intolerância à glicose, com início ou primeiro reconhecimento durante a gestação. Este conceito independe da necessidade de se usar insulina no tratamento e ou da persistência do quadro metabólico após o parto (ADA, 2002). Em recente publicação, a American Diabetes Association (2002) fez estimativa de incidência de 7 por cento de gestações complicadas por diabetes, o que resulta em mais de 200.000 casos por ano, contudo, dependendo da população estudada e do critério diagnóstico utilizado, esta freqüência oscila entre 1 e 14 por cento de todas as gestações. Entre os prejuízos do período neonatal determinados pela nefasta associação de diabetes com gravidez, a macrossomia tem sido considerada ponto clinicamente relevante por ser, particularmente, fator predisponente para toco-traumatismos (distócia de ombro, hemorragia subdural, lesão de plexo braquial, fratura de clavícula e outros (Sacks, 1995; Tyrala, 1996). A alteração do peso fetal inclui aumento de adiposidade, de massa muscular e de órgãos como fígado, placenta e coração, tendo sido encontrada em 50 por cento das gestações complicadas por diabetes e em 40 por cento nas grávidas diabéticas do tipo insulino-dependentes. Estes índices são 10 (dez) vezes superiores aos encontrados nas gestantes normais (Landon & Gabbe, 1994). No "Fourth International Workshop Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus", registrou-se que os critérios originais de O'Sullivan & Mahan foram validados pelo seu valor preditivo para um futuro diabetes na mulher, contudo recebeu críticas por n ão ter sido desenvolvido especificamente para detectar riscos ao concepto no decorrer da gravidez. Objetivo: Foi propósito desta pesquisa determinar a sensibilidade, a especificidade, os valores preditivos positivo e negativo e o ponto de corte mais adequado da glicemia de 2 horas...(au)


Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational , Fetal Macrosomia
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