ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To develop and evaluate an intervention (ImPACT) seeking to increase monitoring (supervision and communication) by parents and guardians of African-American youth regarding high risk and protective behaviors; and to develop an instrument to assess parental monitoring, the Parent-Adolescent Risk Behavior Concordance Scale. DESIGN/INTERVENTION: This research was a randomized, controlled longitudinal study. Baseline (preintervention), and 2 and 6 months postintervention data were obtained via a talking MacIntosh computer regarding youth and parent perceptions of youth involvement in 10 risk behaviors, parental monitoring and youth-parent communication, and condom-use skills. Intervention parents and youth received the ImPACT program and a video emphasizing parental supervision and discussion, followed by a structured discussion and role-play emphasizing key points. Control parents and youth received an attention-control program on goal-setting, which also included an at-home video and discussion. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 237 parents and one each of their youth (ages 12-16 years) recruited from eight public housing developments located in a city in the mid-Atlantic region. RESULTS: Similarity of youth and parental reporting on the Parent-Adolescent Risk Behavior Concordance Scale was positively correlated with protective behaviors, perceived parental monitoring, and good parent-youth communication. At baseline, parents significantly underestimated their youth's risk behaviors. However, 2 and 6 months postintervention, the ImPACT program increased similarity of reports by youth and their parents of youth involvement in risk and protective behaviors. In addition, at 6 months postintervention, intervention (compared to control) youths and parents also demonstrated higher levels of condom-use skills. CONCLUSION: Parental monitoring interventions such as ImPACT should be given to parents in conjunction with more traditional youth-centered risk-reduction interventions.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Communication , Health Education/methods , Parenting/psychology , Parents/education , Parents/psychology , Psychology, Adolescent , Risk-Taking , Adolescent , Adult , Black or African American/psychology , Condoms , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Poverty/psychology , Role Playing , Surveys and Questionnaires , Videotape RecordingABSTRACT
Developmentally handicapped persons were taught to apply a behavioral supervisory strategy to maintain work rates of other developmentally handicapped clients in a sheltered workshop. In two experiments, each with two subjects, training procedures were examined in a multiple baseline across supervisory components within subjects. Results clearly demonstrated that the subjects learned to apply the supervisory components as a function of the training procedures. The subjects were approximately as effective as were regular staff for maintaining production rates of the workshop clients. Potential benefits of the supervisory training for the subjects as well as for the staff were discussed. The results suggest that the teaching of developmentally handicapped persons to perform more complex supervisory activities in sheltered work settings deserves greater attention than it has received in the past.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Sheltered Workshops , Adolescent , Adult , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Efficiency , Female , Humans , Male , Rehabilitation, Vocational , Reinforcement, PsychologySubject(s)
Muscle Proteins , Parvalbumins , Terbium , Animals , Calcium , Carps , Crystallography , Models, Molecular , Protein Binding , Protein ConformationABSTRACT
This topographical model of the proteins of the 30 S subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome was built to be consistent with the 37 published spectroscopic and chemical experiments that indicate proximity and with the two neutron diffraction experiments that indicate S3 and S7 as well as S2 and S5 to be separated by 110 A. The model is quite consistent with the protein arrangement suggested by assembly pathways, the various RNA binding sites, and the streptomycin-associated proteins, This consistency is encouraging since none of these data were considered during the construction of the model. The model differs significantly from those proposed by Traut et at. ((1974) Ribosomes 271-308) and by Tischendorf et al. ((1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S. 72, 4820-4824).
Subject(s)
Escherichia coli/ultrastructure , Ribosomal Proteins/analysis , Ribosomes/ultrastructure , Binding Sites , Computers , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Models, Structural , Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism , Ribosomes/metabolism , Streptomycin/metabolismSubject(s)
Adenoviridae , Viral Proteins , Aldehydes , Chymotrypsin , Crystallography , Densitometry , Methods , Molecular Weight , Protein Binding , WaterABSTRACT
An isomorphous osmium derivative of crystalline yeast initiator transfer RNA has been prepared and interpreted to 6-angstrom resolution. The coordinates of the heavy atoms have been determined by Patterson and "direct" methods applied to the difference coefficients of the centric projections, followed by least-squares refinement. There is one dominant site per asymmetric unit, consistent with the finding by neutron-activation analysis that there is approximately one osmium atom per molecule of transfer RNA. The osmium derivative appears to be a normal substrate for enzymatic aminoacylation.
