ABSTRACT
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) was introduced in many countries of the world and is recognized as carrier of many infectious diseases. Wild game meat consumption is recognized as a source of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in free-range wild boars in Northeastern Argentine Patagonia. Between 2014 and 2018, 144 blood samples and 423 muscle samples from 423 carcasses were collected. To detect T. gondii IgG, 144 sera were processed by an immunofluorescent antibody test, and to detect anti-Trichinella IgG, 125 sera and 304 muscle juice samples were processed by ELISA. Detection of first stage larvae in muscle was performed by artificial digestion. A total of 423 wild boars muscle samples were negative to Trichinella spp. by artificial digestion. Antibodies to Trichinella spp. were detected in 2.4% (3/125) of serum samples and in 1.64% (5/304) of meat juice samples. Antibodies to T. gondii infection were detected in 12.5% (18/144) of the serum samples. This is the first study to reveal the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in wild boars from Argentina. The present results suggest that consumption of raw or undercooked wild boar meat could represent a potential source risk for toxoplasmosis in humans and that Trichinella spp. is infrequent and/or that it circulates in low burdens among wild boars in Northeastern Patagonia.
Subject(s)
Sus scrofa , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology , Trichinellosis/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Wild/parasitology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Argentina/epidemiology , Female , Male , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Swine , Swine Diseases/parasitology , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology , Trichinellosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In this chapter, there is a view of the relationships between the Spanish policy for international cooperation aid and the main health problems of the developing world, with a gender perspective. The population health is a result of the development inequity between rich and poor countries. The international institutions have established the frame and priorities of the cooperation aid, being poverty eradication the main priority. The compromise of the Millennium Conference was to reduce in 2/3 child mortality and 3/4 maternal mortality before year 2015, to stop and reduce HIV-AIDS, malaria and others serious diseases as tuberculosis and to facilitate developing countries the access to drugs. Although the resources allocated, the total amount for cooperation has been reduced 30% during the last years. The Spanish AOD in health is difficult to account because it is considered among social basic services and it is not addressed to solve the main health problems in the poorest countries.
Subject(s)
Global Health , International Cooperation , Developing Countries , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Social Class , SpainABSTRACT
Se analiza la relación entre la política española de cooperación al desarrollo y los problemas más importantes de salud que tienen los países subdesarrollados, teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de género. La salud de los pueblos es un exponente de la desigualdad en el desarrollo entre los países ricos y pobres. Los organismos internacionales establecen el marco y las prioridades de la cooperación, donde es prioritaria la erradicación de la pobreza. La Cumbre del Milenio se comprometió a reducir en dos tercios la tasa de mortalidad infantil y en tres cuartas partes la tasa de mortalidad materna antes del año 2015, detener y reducir el avance de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)/sida y la incidencia de la malaria y otras enfermedades graves (tuberculosis) y proporcionar el acceso a medicinas a países en vías de desarrollo. Sin embargo, los recursos destinados a la cooperación se han reducido un 30 por ciento en los últimos años. La ayuda oficial al desarrollo en España en materia de salud es difícil de cuantificar, ya que figura dentro de los servicios sociales básicos y no va destinada a solventar los principales problemas de salud de los países más pobres (AU)
