ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Conocer las diferentes respuestas de adolescentes centroamericanos que migran solos en México ante la ausencia familiar. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron métodos cualitativos y visuales (entrevistas semiestructuradas, técnica de elicitación visual, taller de dibujo y análisis temático). Se entrevistaron migrantes de entre 14 y 19 años no acompañados y trabajadores en servicios para migrantes. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron tres respuestas: independización, resiliencia y formación de redes de apoyo fuera de la familia tradicional. Conclusión. Las diferentes respuestas muestran que la familia -como núcleo de personas cercanas- es una necesidad humana y la reunificación familiar debe ser prioridad cuando ésta es viable. Sin embargo, falta reconocimiento institucional de la complejidad de las múltiples situaciones familiares de adolescentes migrantes. Esta falta puede justificar su deportación sin debido análisis de la situación.
ABSTRACT
Despite being globally pervasive, racism, xenophobia, and discrimination are not universally recognised determinants of health. We challenge widespread beliefs related to the inevitability of increased mortality and morbidity associated with particular ethnicities and minoritised groups. In refuting that racial categories have a genetic basis and acknowledging that socioeconomic factors offer incomplete explanations in understanding these health disparities, we examine the pathways by which discrimination based on caste, ethnicity, Indigeneity, migratory status, race, religion, and skin colour affect health. Discrimination based on these categories, although having many unique historical and cultural contexts, operates in the same way, with overlapping pathways and health effects. We synthesise how such discrimination affects health systems, spatial determination, and communities, and how these processes manifest at the individual level, across the life course, and intergenerationally. We explore how individuals respond to and internalise these complex mechanisms psychologically, behaviourally, and physiologically. The evidence shows that racism, xenophobia, and discrimination affect a range of health outcomes across all ages around the world, and remain embedded within the universal challenges we face, from COVID-19 to the climate emergency.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Racism , Humans , Xenophobia , Ethnicity , Outcome Assessment, Health CareABSTRACT
The global population of unaccompanied minors-children and adolescents younger than 18 years who migrate without their legal guardians-is increasing. However, as data are not systematically collected in any region, if collected at all, little is known about this diverse group of young people. Compared with adult migrants, unaccompanied minors are at greater risk of harm to their health and integrity because they do not have the protection provided by a family, which can affect their short-term and long-term health. This Review summarises evidence regarding the international migration and health of unaccompanied minors. Unaccompanied minors are entitled to protection that should follow their best interests as a primary consideration; however, detention, sometimes under the guise of protection, is a widespread practice. If these minors are provided with appropriate forms of protection, including health and psychosocial care, they can thrive and have good long-term outcomes. Instead, hostile immigration practices persist, which are not in the best interests of the child.
