Outcome of coxofemoral luxation treated with closed reduction in 51 cats.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes and determine the reluxation rate of cats undergoing closed coxofemoral joint reduction, and to investigate potential risk factors for reluxation of the affected coxofemoral joint. METHODS: Case information was obtained from electronic medical records from Ocean State Veterinary Specialists and Bay State Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Services between January 2008 and May 2020. Data obtained from 51 cats with coxofemoral joint luxations included patient signalment, direction of coxofemoral joint luxation, concurrent injuries, ease of reduction, time of injury to closed reduction, bandage application and outcome. Data were analyzed for association with outcomes. RESULTS: Closed reduction of coxofemoral joint luxation in cats had a 51% success rate. The only risk factor demonstrating a statistically significant benefit to the success of closed coxofemoral joint reduction was the application of a bandage (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: It may be worth attempting closed coxofemoral joint reduction in cats prior to recommending surgery. Placing a bandage (Ehmer or hobbles) after closed reduction may decrease the risk of the coxofemoral joint reluxating, but more studies are needed to evaluate this further. The outcome after closed reduction management for coxofemoral joint luxation in cats is similar to the previously reported success rate in dogs.

Incidence of gastric dilatation-volvulus following a splenectomy in 238 dogs.

There is contradicting information in the veterinary literature regarding canine splenectomy and the increased risk for subsequent gastric dilatation-volvulus. The main purpose of this study was to determine the rate of occurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus following splenectomy in medium to large breed dogs compared with a control group undergoing other abdominal procedures. Follow-up was performed by reviewing the medical records and conducting phone interviews. Weight, gender, and presence of a hemoabdomen at the time of surgery were not significantly associated with occurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus, while increasing age was. Ten of 238 (4%) dogs in the splenectomy group and 3/209 (1.4%) dogs in the control group subsequently developed gastric dilatation-volvulus, which was not significantly different (P = 0.08). While the findings approach significance and support a need for future investigation, the current recommendation for gastropexy at time of splenic removal should be made on a case by case basis and while considering previously documented risk factors.

Incidence de la dilatation gastrique-volvulus après une splénectomie chez 238 chiens. Il existe des renseignements contradictoires dans la littérature vétérinaire concernant la splénectomie canine et le risque accru pour la dilatation gastrique-volvulus subséquente. Le but principal de cette étude consistait à déterminer le taux d'occurrence de la dilatation gastrique-volvulus après la splénectomie chez des chiens de race moyenne ou grande comparativement à un groupe témoin subissant d'autres interventions abdominales. Le suivi a été réalisé en examinant les dossiers médicaux et en réalisant des entrevues par téléphone. Le poids, le sexe et la présence d'un hémoabdomen au moment de la chirurgie n'étaient pas significativement associés à l'occurrence de la dilatation gastrique-volvulus, tandis que l'âge avancé l'était. Dix des 238 (4 %) chiens dans le groupe de splénectomie et 3/209 (1,4 %) des chiens dans le groupe témoin ont subséquemment développé la dilatation gastrique-volvulus, ce qui n'était pas significativement différent (P = 0,08). Bien que les résultats soient près du seuil significatif et supportent le besoin d'études supplémentaires, la recommandation actuelle pour la gastropexie au moment de l'enlèvement splénique devrait être faite au cas par cas et en tenant compte des facteurs de risque documentés antérieurement.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Hypercalcemia of malignancy in a cat with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma.

A 16-year-old, neutered male, domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a history of progressive lethargy and decreased appetite. Serum biochemical profile demonstrated hypercalcemia, and thoracic radiographs and computed tomography were consistent with pulmonary neoplasia. A thoracotomy was performed, and a pulmonary mass was removed. Histopathology diagnosed a bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, and calcium levels returned to normal limits after excision of the mass. While bronchogenic adenocarcinoma has been a suspected cause for hypercalcemia in cats, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first proven account.

Antiretroviral efficacy of a 98% solution of glycerol or ethylene oxide for inactivation of feline leukemia virus in bone.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infectious retrovirus was inactivated in bones from FeLV-infected cats after ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilization or preservation in a 98% solution of glycerol in an in vitro cell culture system. SAMPLE POPULATION: Metatarsal bones obtained from 5 FeLV-infected cats and cultured with feline fibroblast cells. PROCEDURE: Metatarsal bones were treated with 100% ETO, a 98% solution of glycerol, or left untreated. Twenty-five flasks of feline fibroblast cells were assigned to 5 groups: negative control, positive control, ETO-treated bone, glycerol-treated bone, and untreated bone with 5 replicates/group for 4 passages. Media and cell samples were harvested from every flask at each passage to measure FeLV p27 antigen and the number of copies of provirus per 100 ng of DNA, respectively. RESULTS: All negative control and ETO-treated group replicates were negative for FeLV p27 antigen and provirus throughout the study. All positive control group replicates were positive for FeLV p27 antigen and provirus at passages 1 to 4. Untreated bone group replicates were positive for FeLV p27 antigen at passages 3 and 4 and provirus beginning at passage 2. Glycerol-treated group replicates had delayed cell replication and were negative for FeLV p27 antigen and provirus at passages 1 to 4 and 2 to 4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ethylene oxide sterilization of bone from FeLV-infected cats appeared to abrogate transmission of infectious retrovirus and effectively sterilized bone allografts. Impact for Human Medicine-Additional studies to confirm effectiveness of ETO treatment of allograft tissues for prevention of pathogen transmission via transplantation are warranted.