ABSTRACT
Infecciones bacterianas en pacientes con Pie Diabético. Hospital Regional de Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. Año 2015 RESUMEN La Organización Mundial de la Salud define el pié diabético como una "situación de infección, ulceración o también destrucción de los tejidos profundos de los pies, asociada a anormalidades neurológicas y varios grados de enfermedad vascular periférica en los miembros inferiores de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar la prevalencia de microorganismos que causaron infecciones en pacientes diagnosticados con pie diabético atendidos en el Hospital Regional de Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, durante el año 2015. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia, y se incluyeron 115 muestras correspondientes a 94 pacientes. Fue utilizada la base de datos del Laboratorio de Bacteriología del Hospital Regional de Ciudad del Este. De los 94 pacientes con pie diabético, 52% fueron hombres. El 25% de las infecciones se produjeron en pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 51 a 60 años. Fueron aislados 21 microorganismos diferentes en las 115 muestras. El 80% (75) fueron monomicrobianos, y 20% (40) polimicrobianos. Entre los Gram positivos, el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado fue el Staphylococcus aureus 19% (22) y el Enterococcus spp. 6% (6) y entre los Gram negativos fueron la Klebsiella pneumoniae13% (16) y Acinetobacter spp. 12% (14). Los resultados de las pruebas de sensibilidad antimicrobiana demostraron que el 100% de las cepas de S. aureus fueron resistentes a la Oxacilina y alta resistencia de las cepas de K. pneumoniae a las Cefalosporinas. Las cepas de Acinetobacter spp. fueron 100% resistentes a las cefalosporinas y Piperacilina. Los microorganismos aislados y el perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana que los mismos presentan, coinciden con la bibliografía, y es muy importante implementar programas de prevención a esta patología a fin de evitar amputaciones en este tipo de pacientes. Palabras claves: bacterias; pie; diabético; hospital; Paraguay.
The World Health Organization defines the diabetic foot as a "situation of infection, ulceration or destruction of the deep tissues of the feet. It is associated with neurological abnormalities and various degrees of peripheral vascular disease in the lower limbs of patients with Diabetes Mellitus". The objective of the research was to identify the prevalence of microorganisms which caused infections in patients diagnosed with diabetic foot treated at the Regional Hospital of Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, during the year 2015. It is a descriptive, crosssectional and retrospective study. The sampling was nonprobabilistic, for convenience, and 115 samples were included corresponding to 94 patients. The database of the Department of Bacteriology of the Regional Hospital of Ciudad del Este was used. Of the 94 patients with diagnosed diabetic foot, 52% were men. 25% of the infections occurred in patients with ages ranging from 51 to 60 years. 21 microorganisms were isolated in the 115 different samples. 80% (75) were monomicrobial, and 20% (40) polymicrobial. The most isolated bacterium in this group of bacteria was the Staphylococcus aureus (19%). Among the Gram positive bacilli, the most frequently isolated microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus, 19% (22) and Enterococcus spp. 6% (6) and among Gram negatives: Klebsiella pneumoniae 13% (16) and Acinetobacter spp. 12% (14). The results of the sensitivity tests demonstrated that 100% of the strains of S. aureus were resistant to Oxacillin and 100% of the strains of K. pneumoniae showed resistance to cefhems. 100% of the strains of Acinetobacter spp were resistant to Cefotaxime and Piperacillin. The isolated microorganisms and the antimicrobial resistance profile they present coincide with the literature, and it is of most importance to implement prevention programs regarding this pathology in order to avoid amputations in this type of patients. Key words: bacteria; foot; diabetic; h Palabras claves: bacterias; pie; diabético; hospital; Paraguay.
ABSTRACT
Sternechus subsignatus Boheman (Curculionidae: Sternechini) is one of the primary Curculionidae species that reduces soybean yield in Brazil. Initially, outbreaks were reported in southern Brazil in 1973; but, more recent, outbreaks were reported in Bahia (summer 1997-1998) and Maranhão (summer 2003-2004), two states in northeastern Brazil. A putative related species, S. pinguis (Fabricius), was first detected in Salta Province, Argentina. The objective of this study was to evaluate intraspecific molecular polymorphisms of geographically distinct Sternechus populations. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles and partial mitochondrial cytochrome B (CytB) gene sequences were used to determine whether individual soybean stalk weevils were one of two different species and to infer pest invasion pattern. Putative S. pinguis and S. subsignatus populations were collected in San Agustin (Cruz Alta, Tucumán Province, Argentina) and different sampling sites in the Brazilian states of Paraná, Bahia and Maranhão. Polymorphic bands were obtained by RAPD and analyzed by Dice coefficients. Populations from southern Brazil were more closely related genetically to an Argentinean group than the populations sampled in northeastern Brazil. The Londrina Co., Brazil population displayed the highest intra-population genetic similarity. Most of the soybean stalk weevils collected from San Agustin, Tucumán, Argentina were divergent from those collected in Brazil. Sequencing and parsimony analysis of CytB did not differentiate specimens collected in Argentina and Brazil. Thus, our data show that soybean stalk weevil outbreaks and population increases in northeastern Brazil involved local genotypes.
