Low dose of propyl-pyrazole-triol, an agonist of estrogen receptor alpha, administration stimulates the Coolidge effect in fadrozole-treated male rats.

Estrogen receptor (ER) α is involved in male sexual function. Here, we aim to investigate how ERα activation influences sexual satiety and the Coolidge effect (i.e., when a rat, that has reached sexual satiety, experiences an increased arousal after exposure to a novel sexual partner) in estrogen-deprived male rats. Male rats (8 per group) were treated daily for 29 days with either saline (Control group) or fadrozole dissolved in saline (1 mg/kg/day) 1 h before mating. On Days 13 and 29, rats treated with fadrozole received either no additional treatment (fadrozole group) or a single injection of propyl-pyrazole-triol (ERα-agonist group, dissolved in sesame oil, 1 mg/kg). Rats mated until reaching sexual satiety on Days 13 and 29. In these sessions, the Control group displayed higher frequency of intromission and ejaculation than the other groups. The ERα-agonist group mounted more frequently but reached sexual satiety sooner than the Control group. On Day 29, when exposed to a new sexual partner, the fadrozole-treated rats were less likely to display intromission than the other groups, or ejaculation than the Control group, or mounting than the ERα-agonist group. The Control group showed more ejaculatory behavior and shorter ejaculation latency than the other groups. Body weights, testosterone levels, estradiol levels, and ERα-immunoreactive cell counts in brain regions for sexual behavior were comparable between groups after 29 days of treatments. Our data suggest that estrogen helps regulate sexual satiety and the Coolidge effect in male rats.

Job prospects and career pathways for human anatomy graduates from the University of Otago: Implications for student support and professional development.

The Department of Anatomy (Anatomy) at the University of Otago delivers programs for students in diverse areas, including clinical anatomy, neuroscience, reproduction and biological anthropology. This study explored the experiences of alumni during their study and career pathways post-graduation through an online questionnaire distributed to department alumni. Most of the 190 participants studied anatomy as undergraduates (74.2%) and graduated in the past decade (56.8%). Reasons for taking anatomy included finding the topic interesting, a pathway into professional programs, or a degree requirement. Current employment differed between undergraduate (44.7% currently employed in clinical settings) and postgraduate alumni (26.4% currently employed in research, 19.5% in clinical settings). The main pathways for finding jobs were by direct search (38.6%), completing tertiary education (29.2%), and through social network connections (16.4%). Women alumni were less likely to feel that Anatomy prepared them for their careers than men. Themes related to positive and negative experiences included staff, course material/resources, social events, and peers. Suggestions to improve the departmental "sense of community" included increasing departmental events and resources. Alumni suggested that Anatomy should provide more potential career information, make available recent alumni profiles, and organize career fairs and networking opportunities. Postgraduate alumni were more likely to feel a "sense of belonging" in Anatomy than undergraduate alumni. Findings from this research provide an essential data point in the international evaluation of career prospects of anatomy graduates and provide a road map for other institutions to survey their alumni to obtain local insights.