Conducta selectiva en trauma penetrante de cuello / Selective management in penetrating neck trauma

Objetivo: evaluar la incidencia de hallazgosquirúrgicos positivos en pacientes con diagnóstico de traumapenetrante de cuello de dos instituciones hospitalariascapitalinas, sometidos a exploración quirúrgica inmediatao conducta selectiva. Métodos: en un estudio descriptivo,cuantitativo y transversal, se evaluaron 22 heridos condiagnóstico de lesiones penetrantes de cuello entre años 2017y 2021. Se dividieron en dos grupos de acuerdo al tipo deconducta aplicada. Las distintas frecuencias fueron expresadas ennúmero y porcentaje. Resultados: Grupo A, ocho heridos (36,4%), siete ingresaron con signos duros sometidos a exploraciónquirúrgica inmediata, el 87,5 % presentó hallazgos positivos ala cervicotomía; dos fueron incluidos en un esquema de cirugíade control de daños. Grupo B, catorce lesionados con signosblandos admitidos para conducta selectiva mediante observaciónfrecuente y realización de diversos estudios paraclínicos (63,6%),tres requirieron intervención operatoria por la presencia deenfisema subcutáneo expansivo después de las primeras 48 horas;se identificó una lesión esofágica, que se reparó con cierreprimario y rotación de colgajo muscular. Conclusión: En elpresente estudio, la incorporación de la conducta selectiva enel manejo multidisciplinario del trauma penetrante de cuellopermitió incrementar el número de exploraciones positivas yreducir las negativas. Nuevas estrategias como la cirugía decontrol de daños y la zona cero han sido incluidas en algunasheridas vasculares o lesiones extensas(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of positiveexplorations in patients with penetrating neck trauma oftwo capitals hospitals underwent to immediate surgicalexploration or selective management. Method: Studydescriptive, quantitative and transversal of twenty-two patientswith penetrating neck trauma since years 2017 to 2021. Distribute in two groups in the basis of the management.Different frequency express in frequency and percentages.Results: Group A, eight injured, 36.4 %. Seven with hardsigns, underwent immediate surgical exploration of the neck.the 87.5 % had positive explorations. Two were included in ascheme of surgery damaged control. Evidenced injuries extentsand for high velocity projectile. Group B, fourteen wounded,63.6 %. three required surgical intervention for the presence ofpersistent emphysema. One occult esophagical injury, repairedwith suture and muscular rotation. Conclusion: In the present study the selective management of penetrating neck traumapermit increase the number of positive explorations and reducethe negatives. this alternative was viable and secures(AU)

Impulse oscillometry reference values and bronchodilator response in three- to five-year old children living at high altitude.

INTRODUCTION: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is used to measure airway impedance. It is an effective tool for diagnosing and treating respiratory diseases, and it has the advantage that it does not require forced respiratory maneuvers. IOS reference values are required for each population group. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the IOS reference values and bronchodilator response in healthy preschool children living in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in preschool children who had no history of respiratory disease; 96 children fit the parameters for testing to determine normal values according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. RESULTS: Values for respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at 5, 10, and 20 Hz, respiratory impedance (Zrs, and resonance frequency (Fres) were established. Height was the most influential independent variable for IOS values; an increase in height led to a reduction in Rrs5 and Rrs20 and an increase in Xrs5. After the administration of 400 mcg of salbutamol the values for Rrs5(-17.48%), Rrs20(-8.63%), Fres (-10.68%), and area of reactance (-35.44%) were reduced, meanwhile Xrs5 (15.35%) was increased. CONCLUSIONS: Normal IOS values before and after the administration of 400 mcg of salbutamol were determined for a population of children aged 3-5 years at 2,640 m. Reference IOS equations for these children are presented. A relative change of up to -28% and 36% after the use of salbutamol for respiratory resistance and reactance, respectively, should be considered as an upper limit of the normal range, and possible appropriate cut-off values for defining significant response for evaluating therapeutic interventions.

Virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae prevalence in a selected pediatric population with acute asthma exacerbation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of viral and atypical bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children experiencing asthma exacerbation and compare positive and negative subjects with regard to exacerbation severity, need for hospitalization, and treatment. METHODS: One hundred sixty-nine asthmatic children aged 2-15 years old who were admitted to emergency rooms in Bogota, Colombia for acute asthma exacerbation were interviewed. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were taken for DNA and RNA extraction. M. pneumoniae and virus were detected by PCR using specific primers. RESULTS: The prevalence of M. pneumoniae and viral infection in the study population was 12.4% and 83.7%, respectively. All subjects positive for M. pneumoniae were also positive for viral infection. Rhinovirus was the most frequently detected viral agent. No significant differences in severity of asthma exacerbations or in need for hospitalization between the virus or M. pneumoniae positive and negative groups were observed. A significantly lower percentage of M. pneumoniae positive subjects had used inhaled steroids over the six months prior to asthma exacerbation compared to M. pneumoniae negative subjects (38.1% vs. 68.2%), suggesting that inhaled corticosteroids may have a protective effect against M. pneumoniae infections. CONCLUSIONS: The M. pneumoniae and virus prevalence found in this study were similar to those described in the literature. The 100% co-infection rate observed suggests that viral infection can predispose patients to M. pneumoniae infection, and that this interaction may trigger asthmatic exacerbation. Further studies should be done to confirm the protective effect of inhaled corticosteroids on M. pneumoniae infection in patients with asthma exacerbations.