Salivary profile of children with erosive tooth wear: a transversal study.

The aim of the present transversal study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical salivary parameters of children with and without erosive tooth wear (ETW). The study population was children aged 4 to 9 years. A trained and calibrated examiner (kappa value for intraexaminer reliability = 0.89) classified the children into ETW (n = 24) and control groups (n = 24), and applied the O'Brien index. The salivary flow rate was initially evaluated by stimulated sialometry (paraffin chewing). Afterwards, the collected saliva was submitted to biochemical analyses of pH, uric acid, total buffering capacity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, reduced glutathione, calcium, and phosphorus. Among the ETW children, 20 (83%) had dental lesions restricted to enamel, and 4 (17%) presented lesions affecting both enamel and dentin. A statistically significant difference between the groups was obtained only for the pH values (t-test; p = 0.004), with averages of 7.31 and 7.56 for the control and the ETW groups, respectively. Considering the parameters evaluated in general, it is suggested that the salivary profile of children with ETW does not differ considerably from that of children without ETW. However, the pH mean value seems to be slightly higher in ETW children, but is still within the normal physiological range.

Dental Anxiety and Behavior in Young Children Undergoing Different Distraction Techniques

Objective: To evaluate anxiety and behavior in groups of children undergoing various distraction techniques during dental treatment in a public clinic. Material and Methods: The research was a randomized study with a systematic convenience sample consisting of 62 children with 4-6 years (5.18±0.77) in both genders; they were divided in four groups (G1 - control group and three experimental Groups: G2 - mirror and conversation, G3 - toys and G4 - children's stories) and evaluated in the first 2 visits to the dentist. Age and previous experience were also evaluated. The Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS) were applied, the data was analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05 and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: In comparison to the studied variables (anxiety and behavior), the distraction technique during dental care could not reduce anxiety and improve the behavior in all groups in the first visit, but the group receiving the distraction technique with a hand mirror reached the best results in behavior in the second visit (p=0.022; Raj:-2.68). There is no influence on anxiety among children with or without previous experience (p = 0.603), but the age of 4 years showed higher levels of anxiety (p=0.039). Conclusion: Only the distraction technique with the mirror was able to reduce anxiety and improve behavior in the second visit.

Assessment of Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC) Restorations after Acidic Erosive Challenges: An in vitro Study

Objective: To analyze the marginal adaptation of two different Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC) after erosive challenges. Material and Methods: Sixty sound extracted primary canines were selected and class V cavities were made. Teeth were allocated into 6 groups according to restorative material: 1) high-viscosity GIC (Ketac™Molar Easymix) and 2) resin-modified GIC with nanoparticles (Ketac™N100), low pH beverage erosive challenge (Orange juice and Coca-Cola) or distilled water as control. Thereafter the sample was restored and subjecting to thermocycling. The sample was immersed for a 10-days period for the erosive simulation and then embedded in methylene blue solution during 4 hours. Finally teeth were sectioned for further analysis. Marginal adaptation test was performed by two trained examiners using the Salama et al. criteria. Descriptive and Kruskal-Wallis test (α=5%) were used to analyze the data. Results: The groups treated with Ketac™Molar EasyMix were similar in terms of marginal sealing ability when submitted to Orange juice and Coca-Cola but significantly worse than water. For samples restored with the Ketac™N100 the worst results were found in the Coca-Cola group. Conclusion: Erosive challenges with acidic drinks affected the marginal adaptation of the tested GIC.

Psicanálise e odontopediatria: ofício da comunicação / Psychoanalysis and Pediatric Dentistry: communication practice

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir sobre algumas contribuições da psicanálise para a odontopediatria no campo da comunicação. A odontopediatria é uma especialidade da odontologia que se depara com muitos desafios psicológicos. O atendimento odontopediátrico inclui o dentista, sua equipe, o paciente e o acompanhante em diferentes contextos, o que desenha múltiplas dinâmicas. O lúdico se faz presente no consultório do odontopediatra. As fantasias paranoides são muito comuns. É uma abordagem diferenciada quando o odontopediatra busca ampliar a comunicação com o paciente e desenvolver sua escuta nas práticas odontológicas. Em algumas situações, é importante indicar que o psicanalista veja o paciente. Seja qual for o caso, a psicanálise tem muitas interfaces a construir com a odontopediatria.(AU)

This paper aims to discuss some psychoanalytic contributions to Pediatric Dentistry in the field of communication. The Pediatric Dentistry is a branch of Dentistry that faces many psychological challenges. The dental care of children includes the dentist, his team, the patient and his companion at different places, which draws several dynamics. Play is present in the pediatric dentist’s office. The paranoid fantasies are very common. It’s a different approach when the pediatric dentist is looking for expanding the communication with his patient and developing his listening in dental practices. In some situations it is important to recommend that the psychoanalyst see the patient. Whatever the case the Psychoanalysis has many interfaces to build with Pediatric Dentistry.(AU)

Biofilme dental em crianças com erosão dentária / Dental biofilm in children with dental erosion

Objetivo: o presente estudo quantificou o biofilme dental por meio do índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S) de Greene e Vermillion, em crianças com erosão dentária, comparando-as com crianças sem esse problema de saúde bucal. Sujeitos e método: participaram do estudo quarenta crianças, de quatro a nove anos de idade, examinadas por um único examinador treinado de acordo com o índice de O´Brien para o diagnóstico de erosão dentária, sendo que vinte crianças apresentavam erosão nos dentes e vinte crianças não a apresentavam. Posteriormente, elas receberam orientaçõese padronização para a avaliação do IHO-S. Os dados foram analisados pela regressão logística univariada de Poisson. Valores de razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) foram calculados. Resultados: a média (desvio padrão) do IHO-S de crianças com erosão foi de 1,20 (0,40), menor que as crianças do grupo controle 1,75 (0,45). A quantidade de biofilme foi associada à presença de erosão dentária (RP IC 95% = 0.390; 0.180-0.833) e valor de p = 0.027. Conclusões: crianças com erosão nos dentes apresentaram uma quantidade significativamente menor de biofilme em relação às crianças sem esse problema. O biofilme pode ser um possível fator protetor contra os ataques ácidos e o desenvolvimento da erosão dentária.

Exploring some aspects associated with dentine hypersensitivity in children.

BACKGROUND: The etiology of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is still inconclusive and there are few studies concerning it in children. AIM: To evaluate clinical, dietary, and salivary variables in children with DH complaints. DESIGN: Forty-eight children were asked about DH. Data regarding dietary habits were collected from the children's parents and an examination was performed to determine dental erosion. Dental biofilm was estimated by oral hygiene status, according to Greene and Vermillion's Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Whole saliva was collected under mechanical stimulation and evaluated salivary flow rate, initial pH, buffer capacity, and calcium and phosphate concentrations. The temperature of soft drinks, drinking method, sense of bitter taste, and other variables were also determined. Possible factors associated with DH were analyzed by univariate and multiple Poisson regression analyses. The prevalence ratio (PR) values and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: DH was associated with the presence of dental erosion (PR; 95% CI = 2.23; 1.05 to 4.71) and salivary flow rate (2.49; 1.05 to 5.91). When the presence of erosion was not included, other variables were retained as follows: bitter taste (2.36; 1.38 to 4.03), OHI-S (0.47; 0.23 to 0.97). CONCLUSION: DH in children is associated with factors related to dental erosion.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação da eficiência da estabilização protetora na odontopediatria: um estudo piloto / Development and assessment of the effectiveness of protective stabilization in pediatric dentistry: a pilot study

Objetivo: desenvolver um modelo de estabilização protetora para crianças, com a finalidade de promover qualidade no atendimento e avaliar a sua eficiência na prática clínica. Materiais e método: uma amostra de conveniência composta por vinte cirurgiões dentistas, que atuam no atendimento de crianças com perfil de não colaboradoras. Foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas relacionadas ao conhecimento prévio e à percepção sobre os métodos de estabilização protetora. Com base nas informações coletadas considerando a opinião desses profissionais, foi desenvolvido um novo modelo de estabilização protetora, baseado em modelo já existente (Pedi-Wrap), porém modificado com um tecido mais macio com desenhos para maior conforto e aceitação das crianças e responsáveis. Para composição das peças, os materiais empregados foram compostos por tecidos de algodão e tela garça, velcro, elástico, botões, linhas e viés. O modelo desenvolvido na pesquisa foi utilizado em crianças não colaboradoras de 1 a 6 anos de idade, testados por cada um dos vinte cirurgiões dentistas, em seguida foi aplicado um novo questionário aos profissionais, para se saber a opinião desse novo modelo. Resultados: na opinião dos profissionais, a região de maior movimentação durante um atendimento odontológico é a cabeça das crianças (35%), o tipo de estabilização mais utilizado é a mãe segurando a criança (35%), sendo que 45% dos profissionais avaliados não estão satisfeitos com a estabilização protetora utilizadas no dia a dia. Em relação ao modelo desenvolvido, todos os dentistas acharam eficiente e visualmente agradável. Conclusões: a roupa de estabilização protetora desenvolvida apresentou características como a facilidade na manipulação, agradabilidade e contribuiu no atendimento às crianças.

Histogenesis and clinical analysis of 2 cases of congenital gingival granular cell tumour.

Dentistry for babies aims to contribute to the formation of a generation with fewer dental problems, higher quality of oral health and more aware of the importance of prevention. The congenital gingival granular cell tumour (CGCT) is a rare benign soft tissue tumour in the newborn that can lead to respiratory difficulties and feeding. The aim of this work was to report two cases of CGCT in babies and discuss the clinical and histological differential diagnosis and their treatment, as well as the importance of knowledge of this pathology for dentists. Clinical features and treatment approaches are presented and discussed. The surgical approach improved the child quality of life and restored the parent's confidence and emotional stability. Knowledge of this pathology helps in better diagnosis and treatment, which lead to a better quality of life of children and return confidence and emotional stability to parents.

Quantification of Dental Biofilm in Children with Dental Erosion

To quantify dental biofilmthrough the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) proposed by Greene and Vermillion in children with dental erosion comparing them to children without this oral health problem.Material and Methods:The study included 48 children aged 4-9 years treated at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry of the Cruzeiro do Sul University, examined by a single trained and calibrated examiner according to O'Brien index for the diagnosis of dental erosion, in which 24 children had erosion lesions in teeth and 24 children did not have this oral health problem. Later, children received guidance and standardization for the OHI-S evaluation. Data were analyzed by the Poisson univariate logistic regression. Prevalence ratio (PR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) were calculated. Results:The mean (standard deviation) of the OHI-S of children who had dental erosion was 1.19 (0.38), lower than children in the group without dental erosion 1.73 (0.44). The amount of biofilm on teeth was associated with the presence of dental erosion (OR 95% CI = 0.393; 0188-0822) and p-value = 0.013. Regarding the reduction in the WSL dimension, no significant difference between groups was observed (p = 0.931). Conclusion:Children with dental erosion showed a significantly lower amount of biofilm compared to children without this oral health problem, and dental biofilm can be a possible protective factor against acid attacks and development of dental erosion...

Rugosidade superficial das resinas compostas: estética e longevidade clínica / Surface roughness of composite resins: esthetic and clinical longevity

Introdução: com os avanços tecnológicos, os pesquisa-dores e as indústrias odontológicas tentam desenvolver materiais com características que melhorem a estética e ao mesmo tempo a longevidade clínica. Sabe-se que a superfície de um material restaurador influencia di-retamente na estética e na sua longevidade clínica, in-dicando o sucesso ou insucesso desse. Objetivo: este estudo, realizado por meio da revisão da literatura, teve como objetivo apresentar os achados da literatu-ra sobre a comparação da rugosidade superficial dos compósitos nanoparticulados em relação aos compó-sitos microparticulados e microhibridos, para verificar os possíveis sucessos e insucessos dessa tecnologia de ?nanoparticulas? implantada recentemente na odon-tologia. Revisão de literatura: muitos estudos mostram que uma superfície irregular, com rugosidades, impli-ca no manchamento e no acúmulo de biofilme dental, acarretando prejuízo à restauração e à saúde bucal do paciente. Também se conseguiu observar importantes diferenças superficiais dos compósitos nanoparticula-dos com os compósitos microhíbrido e microparticu-lado. Considerações finais: a superfície dos compósitos nanoparticulados é mais regular que a dos compósitos microparticulados e microhíbridos, essa regularidade é fundamental para a estética e para a longevidade clíni-ca do material.

Mucocele em lábio inferior de adolescente: relato de caso / Mucocele of the lower lip in adolescent: case report

Mucocele ou fenômeno de retenção de líquido é uma lesão cística benigna, com saliva em seu interior, relacionada a trauma local e obstrução de glândulas salivares menores. Geralmente, ocorre no lábio inferior de crianças e adolescentes, e apresenta-se clinicamente como uma bolha, de cor igual à mucosa adjacente ou azulada, e seu tamanho varia de 1 mm à centímetros. É assintomática, e muitas vezes há o rompimento espontâneo. Porém, se houver várias recorrências é necessário o tratamento cirúrgico para remoção das glândulas salivares adjacentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a remoção cirúrgica de uma lesão de mucocele em lábio inferior de um adolescente de 17 anos de idade

Mucocele or mucus retention phenomenon, is a benign cystic lesion with salivary inside, related to local trauma and obstruction of minor salivary glands. Usually occurs in the lower lip of children and adolescents. Clinically appears as a bubble with the same color of the adjacent mucosa, or blues, and its size ranges from 1 mm to several centimeters. It is asymptomatic and often there is spontaneous disruption. However, if there are multiples episodes of recurrence, surgical treatment is necessary to remove the minar salivary glands. The aim of this study is to present the surgical removal of mucocele of 17 years old adolescents lower lips

Erosive potential of different types of grape juices

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the erosive potential of different types (concentrated and powdered) and commercial brands of industrialised grape juices. The pH of all five fruit drinks was measured at two time points: immediately after preparation and 24 hours later. Sixty specimens of bovine enamel were randomly allocated and immersed in different types of grape juice (n = 10) for 10 minutes four times a day for fifteen days. The enamel alteration was analysed using surface Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra) tests at baseline and on the 5th, 10th and 15th days of the experiment. Two way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc and Pearson's correlation tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 5%). The grape juices presented pH values ranging from 2.9 to 3.5. All of the tested juices promoted significant enamel mineral loss (p < 0.05) on the first evaluation (5th day of immersion) and produced a significant increase in the mean roughness from the 10th day on when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). By the 15th day, all of the beverages had produced surface roughnesses that were significantly higher than that of the control group. The results suggest that all grape juices, regardless of their commercial presentation, present erosive potential.

Erosive potential of different types of grape juices.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the erosive potential of different types (concentrated and powdered) and commercial brands of industrialised grape juices. The pH of all five fruit drinks was measured at two time points: immediately after preparation and 24 hours later. Sixty specimens of bovine enamel were randomly allocated and immersed in different types of grape juice (n = 10) for 10 minutes four times a day for fifteen days. The enamel alteration was analysed using surface Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra) tests at baseline and on the 5(th), 10(th) and 15(th) days of the experiment. Two way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc and Pearson's correlation tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 5%). The grape juices presented pH values ranging from 2.9 to 3.5. All of the tested juices promoted significant enamel mineral loss (p < 0.05) on the first evaluation (5(th) day of immersion) and produced a significant increase in the mean roughness from the 10(th) day on when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). By the 15(th) day, all of the beverages had produced surface roughnesses that were significantly higher than that of the control group. The results suggest that all grape juices, regardless of their commercial presentation, present erosive potential.

Reparo de restauração de amálgama em dente decíduo: relato de caso clínico / Repair of defective amolgam restorotion in primary tooth: a case report

A substituição de restaurações tem sido uma abordagem frequente entre os Cirurgiões Dentistas e, muitas vezes, são desnecessárias, levando à perda de estrutura dentária sadia e ao ciclo restaurador repetitivo. Este artigo relata um caso clínico de reparo de restauração de amálgama em dente decíduo, com 30 meses de acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico e avaliação da interface reparada em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), após esfoliação fisiológica do elemento dentário. A ausência de lesão de cárie secundária e integridade da restauração reparada observados neste caso sustentam o emprego do reparo de restaurações de amálgama que apresentem defeitos, a fim de preservar estrutura dentária sadia e aumentar a longevidade destas restaurações.

Restoration replacement has been a frequent approach among clinicians and many timesare unnecessary, leading to sound dental structure loss and cycle of rerestoration. This paper resports a clinical case of restorative repair of amalgam restoration after 30 months follow up. After physiologic exfoliation, tooth was longitudinally sectioned at restoration center and analyzed in scanning electron microscope (SEM). Clinical and radiographic examination demonstrated absence of secondary caries lesion and integrity of the repaired restoration. Repair of defectives restorations is an effective way to preserve and treat existing restorations, increasing their longevity.

Tipo de aleitamento e presença de açúcar nas bebidas das mamadeiras dos bebês / Type of breastfeeding and presence of sugar in the content of baby bottles

This study aims at analyzing the feeding of babies, either by breastfeeding or using a baby bottle, time until weaning, as well as the presence of sugar in the content of baby bottles. Data from 305 babies, aged 0 to 36 months, were collected using questionnaires answered by their mothers. Information on age, gender, feeding habits and the presence of sugar containing substances in the baby bottles was collected. Most mothers used baby bottles (70.2%), and this rate increased with the babies? age. During the babies' first six months of life, 46.2% of mothers fed their babies exclusively on breast, whereas 38.5% of the babies were fed from baby bottles since birth, together with breastfeeding, and 15.3% of the babies at this age range were exclusively fed from baby bottles. Weaning occurred in 20.0%. 82.6% of the babies fed from baby bottles received sugar in their diet. Feeding from a baby bottle was found to be present since the first month of a baby's life, and its use was predominant until the age of 3 years. Sugar is present in the diet of the majority of the babies fed from bottles.

El estudio se propone analizar el tipo de leche utilizada, materno y/o artificial, sus periodos de uso y la presencia de azúcar en los biberones. Participaron 305 infantes de 0 a 36 meses, cuyos datos fueron obtenidos por medio de un cuestionario aplicado a las madres. Éste contenía informaciones sobre edad y sexo de los niños, tipo de alimentación que recibían y presencia o no de azúcar en los biberones. El tipo de alimentación más utilizada era artificial (70,2%), porcentaje que aumentó junto con la edad de los niños. La lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros seis meses de vida correspondía a 46,2% del grupo. Para 38,5% el biberón fue introducido conjuntamente con la lactancia materna desde el nacimiento y para 15,3% la lactancia artificial fue exclusiva (biberón). El desmame ocurrió en 20,0%. La dieta de 82,6% de los bebés presentaba azúcar en las bebidas del biberón. La leche artificial está presente desde el primer mes de vida y su uso predomina hasta los 3 años de edad.El azúcar está presente en la dieta de la mayoría de los bebés alimentados con biberón

O estudo propõe analisar o tipo de aleitamento utilizado, seja materno e/ou artificial, o seu tempo de uso, assim como a presença de açúcar na mamadeira dos bebês. Participaram 305 bebês de 0 a 36 meses, cujos dados foram obtidos através de um questionário junto às mães. Este continha informações sobre idade e gênero dos bebês, tipo de aleitamento e substâncias açucaradas introduzidas nas mamadeiras destes. O tipo de aleitamento mais utilizado foi o artificial (70,2%), sendo que aumentou com o decorrer da idade. Nos seis primeiros meses de vida, o aleitamento materno exclusivo foi realizado por 46,2% das mães, sendo que a mamadeira foi introduzida conjuntamente ao aleitamento materno desde o nascimento em 38,5% dos bebês e 15,3% destes receberam aleitamento artificial exclusivo (mamadeira). O desmame ocorreu em 20,0%. A dieta de 82,6% dos bebês continha açúcar nas bebidas da mamadeira. O aleitamento artificial está presente desde o primeiro mês de vida e seu uso é predominante até os três anos de idade. O açúcar está presente na dieta da maioria dos bebês amamentados com mamadeira.

Propuestas no-farmacológicas demanejo del comportamiento en niños / Non pharmacological approaches for the behavior management of children

Existen en la literatura técnicas diferentes a las farmacológicas que pueden ser utilizadas para acondicionar psicológicamente al niño durante el tratamiento odontológico. Estas técnicas, consideradas de manejo del comportamiento, tienen el objetivo de prevenir, disminuir o ayudar a enfrentar la ansiedad y miedo dental del paciente, sirviendo como importantes aliadas del cirujano-dentista que atiende niños. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de evidencias científicas sobre las propuestas de manejo del comportamiento que pueden ser utilizadas en el consultorio odontológico con bebés, niños de edad preescolar y escolar.

There are in the literature techniques different from the pharmacological ones, which can be used for conditioning psychologically the child during dental treatment. These techniques, considered as behavioral management, have the aim to prevent, reduce or help to confront the anxiety and fear of dental patient, serving as important allies for the dentist who takes care of children. This paper presents a review of scientific evidence on the approaches of behavior management that can be used in the dental clinic with babies, preschool and school children.

Reabilitação de dentes decíduos anteriores com o uso de pinos de fibra de vidro / Rehabilitation of primary anterior teeth using glass fiber core post

A destruição de dentes decíduos anteriores pode ocasionar diversas consequências, como a perda da dimensão vertical, redução da capacidade mastigatória, desvio no padrão de deglutição, distúrbios fonéticos, instalação de hábitos bucais nocivos, comprometimento estético e alterações emocionais na criança. Muitos são os recursos protéticos que o profissional pode lançar mão para restabelecer o equilíbrio perdido e devolver a estética ao paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso clínico de um paciente de 2 anos e 3 meses de idade que apresentava grande destruição nos incisivos superiores, cuja reabilitação foi realizada com pinos de fibra de vidro e restaurações em resina composta. O uso de pinos de fibra de vidro e restaurações com resina composta é uma alternativa de fácil execução, com bons resultados estéticos e funcionais, podendo ser indicada para a reconstrução de dentes decíduos anteriores com grande destruição.

Destruction of primary anterior teeth may result in loss of vertical dimension, reduced masticatory efficiency, speech disturbances and development of parafunctional oral habits and psychological problems. There are many options to repair severely destroyed primary anterior teeth in order to reestablishing function, shape, and esthetics. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the rehabilitation of severely destroyed primary incisors in a 27-month-old patient using fiber core posts. It was verified that fiber core post and restorations in composite resin are easily executed and indicated for in severely decayed primary anterior teeth with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results.

Patrones de lactancia en bebés, su primer contacto con el azúcar y el dentista / Patterns of breastfeeding in infants, their first contact with the sugar and the dentist

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el patrón de lactancia, primer contacto con el azúcar y primera visita al dentista de los bebés con relación al estado socioeconómico familiar. Participaron 129 niños de 0 a 36 meses, cuyos datos fueron obtenidos por medio de un cuestionario realizado a las madres y exámenes clínicos bucales de los bebés en ambulatorios públicos y privados. La forma de lactancia más utilizada fue artificial (59%), siendo empleada desde el inicio de la vida y volviéndose más prevalente con el aumento de la edad. El primer contacto con el azúcar ocurrió principalmente después de los 3 meses de edad, sin embargo, 20% de las madres ofrecieron azúcar a sus hijos antes de los tres primeros meses de vida. El mayor número de bebés acudieron durante el primer año de vida al dentista (43%) siendo la prevención su principal motivo (65%). La prevalencia de actividad de caries para la muestra fue de 17%. Estos resultados correspondieron a madres que poseían grado escolar secundario y superior completo y recibían de 1 a 3 salarios mínimos. Conclusión: el patrón de amamantamiento en bebés es esencialmente artificial en los primeros meses de vida, lo que contribuye para que ocurra el primer contacto con el azúcar muy precozmente. La primera visita al dentista ocurre generalmente durante el primer año de vida del bebé

To analyze the pattern of feeding, first contact with sugar and first babies visit to the dentist with respect to family socioeconomic status. One hundred and twenty nine children, from 0 to 36 months, participated in the study. The data was obtained through a questionnaire conducted for their mothers and clinical oral exams of the babies in public and private outpatient departments. Results: bottle feeding was most widely used (59%), being employed since the beginning of the life and becoming more prevalent with the increasing age. The first contact with sugar occurred mostly after 3 months of life; however, 20% of mothers offered sugar for their children before the first three months of life. Most of the babies visited the dentist within their first year of life (43%) and the main reason was prevention (65%). All these results corresponded to mothers who had completed high school and higher education, as well as perceive 1 to 3 minimum wages. The pattern of breastfeeding in babies is essentially artificial in the first months of life, which contributes to appear the first contact with the sugar very early. The first visit to the dentist occurs during the first year of life of the baby

Effect of fluoride varnish and gel on dental erosion in primary and permanent teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a fluoride varnish and gel on the erosive wear of primary and permanent teeth. DESIGN: Sixty human primary (n=30) and permanent (n=30) enamel specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: APF gel (1.23% F), NaF varnish (2.26% F), and control (no treatment). Fluoride gel was applied for 4 min and fluoride varnish for 24 h. Six daily demineralisation-remineralization cycles of 5 min of immersion in a cola drink (pH 2.3) and 30 min in artificial saliva were conducted during 7 days. All specimens were stored in artificial saliva between and after cycles. Surface Knoop microhardness (%SMHC) readings were performed at baseline, 48 h and 7 days. Data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: For primary enamel, the mean %SMHC (+/-SD) after 48 h and 7 days was, respectively: gel (31.0+/-14.4 and 36.9+/-7.5), varnish (26.7+/-9.5 and 38.3+/-8.7), and control (35.8+/-8.6 and 45.0+/-8.6). For permanent enamel, such values were: gel (37.5+/-7.7 and 27.8+/-7.5), varnish (31.7+/-9.6 and 27.4+/-11.1) and control (48.6+/-6.4 and 43.1+/-6.4). In primary enamel, erosion inhibition by fluoride was not significant at 48 h (p=0.203) and 7 days (p=0.082). In permanent specimens, both products showed a significant effect (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both fluoride varnish and gel were able to inhibit erosive enamel loss but mainly in the permanent experimental groups. Primary and permanent enamel substrates reacted differently to both demineralization by a cola drink and remineralization by fluoridated compounds.

Manchas extrínsecas negras: diagnóstico e conduta clínica em odontopediatria / Black extrnsic stains: diagnosis and clinical procedure in pediatric dentistry

Manchas são descolorações dentais causadas por bactérias, comida, tabaco, drogas, excesso de flúor e defeito no desenvolvimento do esmalte. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma breve revisão da literatura de manchas extrínsecas negras e descrever uma situação clínica de um bebê cujo dentes apresentavam pontilhados de pigmentação negra. Para remoção, foi realizada profilaxia profissional e raspagem das manchas com curetas periodontais.

Stains are discolorations on the tooth surface caused by bacteria, foods, tabaco, drugs, fluorosis and imperfect tooth development. The aim of this study is to report case of black dental extrinsic stain in an infant and verify it prevalence, etiology and the clinic aspects. The stains were removed by dental polishing and dental scaling.