ABSTRACT
Polycomb-mediated gene repression is essential for embryonic development, yet its precise role in lineage-specific programming is poorly understood. Here we inactivated Ring1b, encoding a polycomb-repressive complex 1 subunit, in pancreatic multipotent progenitors (Ring1b(progKO)). This caused transcriptional derepression of a subset of direct Ring1b target genes in differentiated pancreatic islet cells. Unexpectedly, Ring1b inactivation in differentiated islet ß cells (Ring1b(ßKO)) did not cause derepression, even after multiple rounds of cell division, suggesting a role for Ring1b in the establishment but not the maintenance of repression. Consistent with this notion, derepression in Ring1b(progKO) islets occurred preferentially in genes that were targeted de novo by Ring1b during pancreas development. The results support a model in which Ring1b bookmarks its target genes during embryonic development, and these genes are maintained in a repressed state through Ring1b-independent mechanisms in terminally differentiated cells. This work provides novel insights into how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to shaping the transcriptional identity of differentiated lineages.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/metabolism , Stem Cells/cytology , Stem Cells/metabolism , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism , Animals , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , DNA Methylation , Embryo, Mammalian , Epigenesis, Genetic , Male , Mice , Neurons/metabolism , Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/genetics , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Studies on osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells, have remained limited due to the lack of transgenic mice allowing the conditional knockout of genes in osteoclasts at any time during development or adulthood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING: We report here on the generation of transgenic mice which specifically express a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase in osteoclasts. These mice, generated on C57BL/6 and FVB background, express a fusion Cre recombinase-ERT2 protein whose expression is driven by the promoter of cathepsin K (CtsK), a gene highly expressed in osteoclasts. We tested the cellular specificity of Cre activity in CtsKCreERT2 strains by breeding with Rosa26LacZ reporter mice. PCR and histological analyses of the CtsKCreERT2LacZ positive adult mice and E17.5 embryos show that Cre activity is restricted largely to bone tissue. In vitro, primary osteoclasts derived from the bone marrow of CtsKCreERT2+/-LacZ+/- adult mice show a Cre-dependent ß-galactosidase activity after tamoxifen stimulation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We have generated transgenic lines that enable the tamoxifen-induced, conditional deletion of loxP-flanked genes in osteoclasts, thus circumventing embryonic and postnatal gene lethality and avoiding gene deletion in other cell types. Such CtsKCreERT2 mice provide a convenient tool to study in vivo the different facets of osteoclast function in bone physiology during different developmental stages and adulthood of mice.
