ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment, and prognosis of 21 patients with encephalopathy with hemi-status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) or hemi-continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWSS) syndrome. METHODS: Charts of 21 patients with hemi-ESES/CSWSS syndrome followed between 1997 and 2012 were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Focal seizures or apparently generalized seizures and focal EEG epileptiform discharges; (2) Further occurrence of atypical absences, and myoclonic, atonic, and/or generalized seizures; (3) Cognitive impairment and/or behavioral disturbances; (4) Hemi-continuous spike-and-wave discharges during slow sleep in more than 85% of non-REM sleep at onset and throughout the ESES/CSWSS period. RESULTS: Mean follow-up from onset of hemi-ESES/CSWSS was 8 years (range, 2-15 years). Idiopathic cases were not identified. Unilateral polymicrogyria was found in 11, shunted hydrocephalus in four, a porencephalic cyst associated with polymicrogyria in three, and a thalamic lesion in three children. All started with focal seizures with or without secondary generalization. During the hemi-ESES/CSWSS period, all children developed new types of seizure, such as negative and positive myoclonus, absences, motor deterioration, cognitive impairment, and behavioral disturbances. All AED responders returned to baseline cognitive development. Seven patients were refractory to AEDs. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the hemi-ESES/CSWSS syndrome has electroclinical features compatible with an epileptic encephalopathy. The most commonly used treatments were clobazam, ethosuximide, and sulthiame, alone or in combination. In refractory cases, high-dose corticosteroids were administered. Although the number of patients in this study is too low to draw definite conclusions, we consider that in children with hemi-ESES/CSWSS secondary to a unilateral lesion, surgery should be considered.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/etiology , Electroencephalography , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Sleep/physiology , Status Epilepticus/complications , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Atrophy , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Functional Laterality/physiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Prognosis , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Status Epilepticus/physiopathology , Syndrome , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Primary peritonitis is rare condition in children previously healthy. It is often related to cirrosis and kidney disease or peritoneal dyalisis. The diagnosis must be made at laparotomy in the absence of intraabdominal findings and positive cultures of peritoneal fluids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two cases were studied. Both cases were diagnosed during surgery and had positive cultures for streptococcus pneumaniae, recovery was rapid with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in peritonitis caused by gram positives cocos. CONCLUSION: Recent reports indicate an increase of primary peritonitis caused by gram negative organims specially by neumococo. It seems to be a rising of the pathology since the massive antineumococcical vaccinacion. The prognosis has improved with the correct therapy but its incidence appears unvarying.
Subject(s)
Peritonitis/microbiology , Pneumococcal Infections , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Peritonitis/drug therapy , Peritonitis/surgery , Pneumococcal Infections/therapy , Pneumococcal Vaccines/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The birth weight is influenced by intrauterine environmental factors and genetic factors. The main determinants of birth weight are gestational age and sex. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between mothers birth weight with the first child birth weight. METHODS: We prospectively measured weight, height and cephalic perimeter of normal newborns of both sexes. At the same time sought the birth weight of the mother. The data were analyzed in a Pearson correlation matrix. RESULTS: We studied 180 mothers and infants, 99 boys and 81 girls. The correlation coefficient between maternal birth weight and child birth weight was for males 0.321 (p 0.001) and for females was 0.216 (p 0.053). CONCLUSIONS: In the present sample, maternal birth weight was significantly correlated only with firstborn male's birth weight.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight/physiology , Mothers , Adult , Birth Order , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prospective Studies , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Una tarde de invierno, se presenta en unconsultorio privado una mamá con su hijo de 14 días deedad, nacido a término, con un peso y talla adecuado parala edad gestacional (40 semanas). El mismo se alimentacon lactancia materna exclusiva, y ella consulta si esnecesario administrarle un suplemento con Vitamina D.
