The Twenty Item Values Inventory (TwIVI) in Portuguese Adults: Factorial Structure, Internal Consistency, and Criterion-Related Validity.

The Schwartz Model of Basic Values is an influential framework that describes what people find important and worth pursuing in life. The model proposes that ten human values are found cross-culturally, and so significant efforts have gone into empirically testing these claims. While instruments such as the Portrait Values Questionnaire-40 (PVQ-40) reliably discriminated the full set of theorized values, briefer versions have either suffered from a lack of construct validity (PVQ-21) or from not having been put through a rigorous statistical test of its underlying structure (Twenty Item Values Inventory [TwIVI]) via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The present study, using a Portuguese sample of adults (n = 524), is the first to examine the factorial structure of the TwIVI via CFA. We apply a magnifying glass approach by testing two separate models, each covering five values, which reflect the Growth and Self-protective dimensions. Moreover, we provide evidences that the TwIVI is reliable and capable of capturing the theorized quasi-circumplex structure, and the cross-cultural gender differences and relative hierarchical importance of values. Finally, we establish criterion-related validity, with values correlating with political identity and social and economic issues.

Pyogenic Ventriculitis Associated with Urosepsis: A Rare Case Report.

Pyogenic ventriculitis is an infection of the cerebral ventricles usually associated with neurosurgery or head trauma. There are less than 10 reported cases of community-acquired pyogenic ventriculitis in adults. We present the case of a 71-year-old man with a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hospitalized due to urosepsis caused by E. coli. Because he had a fluctuant level of consciousness, he underwent magnetic resonance imaging that diagnosed pyogenic ventriculitis. He was treated with ceftriaxone 2 g 12/12h for a total of 6 weeks and recovered without neurological deficits. Pyogenic ventriculitis is a clinical challenge due to its rarity, atypical presentation and variety of aetiological microorganisms. LEARNING POINTS: Pyogenic ventriculitis is an infection of the cerebral ventricles usually associated with neurosurgery or head trauma; community-acquired primary pyogenic ventriculitis is very rare.Presentation is atypical (no meningism), multiple microorganisms can be involved, and it should be treated with prolonged antibiotic regimens.MRI is the most useful exam for diagnosis.