Fascitis nodular en región maxilofacial. Un caso clínico / Nodular fasciitis in head and neck region. A case report

La fascitis nodular (FN) es una entidad rara que consiste en la proliferación benigna miofibroblástica de la fascia muscular. Se trata de un proceso de etiología desconocida. La presentación clínica habitual consiste en una tumoración de menos de 4 cm de diámetro, indolora, de consistencia dura y de rápido crecimiento. La localización en el territorio craneofacial es muy infrecuente (7-20 %). La fascitis nodular se puede confundir clínica e histológicamente con tumoraciones malignas, por lo que es muy importante un correcto diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 79 años, que consulta por aparición de tumoración paramandibular, de consistencia dura y de dos meses de evolución, asintomática. Tras la realización de pruebas complementarias, el diagnóstico citológico fue de neoplasia mesenquimal con atipias sospechosa de malignidad, recomendándose estudio histológico. (AU)

Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a rare entity consisting of a benign myofibroblastic proliferation of the muscle fascia, a process of unknown etiology. The usual clinical presentation consists of a tumor of less than 4 cm in diameter, painless, of hard consistency and rapid growth. Localization in the craniofacial territory is very infrequent (7-20 %). Nodular fasciitis can be clinically and histologically confused with malignant tumors, so a correct diagnosis is very important. We present the case of a 79-year-old male patient who consulted for the appearance of an asymptomatic paramandibular tumor, with a hard consistency and two months of evolution. After performing complementary tests, the cytological diagnosis was mesenchymal neoplasm with atypia suspicious of malignancy, recommending histological study.In conclusion, an extremely rare giant-sized mucinous adenocarcinoma of the submandibular gland is presented. (AU)

Antifungal Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from Allium cepa against Verticillium dahliae: In Vitro and in Planta Assays.

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is the most devastating soil-borne fungal disease of olive trees worldwide. Currently, there is no effective measure available to control the pathogen in diseased plants in open field conditions. Searching more effective and sustainable solutions are a priority for the olive sector. The existing alternatives for disease control include the use of biological control microorganisms and compounds of natural origin from plants, such as Alliaceae. Propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) are two organosulfur compounds derived from Allium cepa with a widely documented antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of PTS and PTSO against the defoliating and non-defoliating V. dahliae pathotypes. Firstly, several in vitro tests were performed (Minimum Antifungal Concentration, susceptibility studies according to the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method, antifungal activity through aerial diffusion and effect on mycelial growth). The ability of both compounds to sanitize soil was evaluated using a sterile substrate inoculated with V. dahliae. Finally, challenges in growth chambers were carried out. PTS and PTSO generated growth inhibition zones in agar diffusion and the gas phase, and the mycelial growth of all the V. dahliae strains was significantly altered. The V. dahliae population in soil was considerably reduced after the sanitization. Finally, in planta assays demonstrated the ability of these compounds to reduce disease related parameters and their contribution to control the phytopathogen. In conclusion, the results showed that the PTS and PTSO from Allium cepa display in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against V. dahliae and suggested that both compounds could be used as natural and environmentally friendly tools for Verticillium wilt management.

Commodity risk assessment of Ullucus tuberosus tubers from Peru.

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as 'High risk plants, plant products and other objects. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by tubers of Ullucus tuberosus imported from Peru, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Peru. The relevance of an EU quarantine pest for this opinion was based on evidence that: (i) the pest is present in Peru, (ii) U. tuberosus is a host of the pest and (iii) the pest can be associated with the commodity. The relevance of any other pest, not regulated in the EU, was based on evidence that: (i) the pest is present in Peru (ii) the pest is absent in the EU; (iii) U. tuberosus is a host of the pest; (iv) the pest can be associated with the commodity and (v) the pest may have an impact and can pose a potential risk for the EU territory. There are five pests i.e. one insect (Amathynetoides nitidiventris), two nematodes (Atalodera andina and Nacobbus aberrans) and two viruses (the Andean potato latent virus (APLV) and the potato virus T (PVT)) that fulfilled all relevant criteria were selected for further evaluation. For the five pests, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Peru were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For each of the five pests, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with PVT being the pest most frequently expected on the imported commodities. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9,157 and 10,000 tubers out of 10,000 would be free of PVT.

Simultaneous oxidation of ammonium and cresol isomers in a sequencing batch reactor: physiological and kinetic study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and kinetic capacities of a nitrifying consortium to simultaneously oxidize ammonium (138 mg N/L day), m-cresol, o-cresol, and p-cresol (180 mg C/L day in mixture) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). A 1-L SBR was firstly operated without cresol addition (phase I) for stabilizing the nitrification respiratory process with ammonium consumption efficiencies close to 100 % and obtaining nitrate as the main end product. When cresols were added (phase II m-cresol (10, 20, and 30 mg C/L); phase III m-cresol (30 mg C/L) and o-cresol (10, 20, and 30 mg C/L); phase IV a mixture of three isomers (30 mg C/L each one)), inhibitory effects were evidenced by decreased values of the specific rates of nitrification compared with values from phase I. However, the inhibition diminished throughout the operation cycles, and the overall nitrifying physiological activity of the sludge was not altered in terms of efficiency and nitrate yield. The different cresols were totally consumed, being o-cresol the most recalcitrant. The use of SBR allowed a metabolic adaptation of the consortium to oxidize the cresols as the specific rates of consumption increased throughout the cycles, showing that this type of reactor can be a good alternative for treating industrial effluents in a unique reactor.

Colitis isquémica inducida por olanzapina / Olanzapine-induced ischemic colitis

Introducción: la colitis isquémica (CI) es un efecto adverso infrecuente de los fármacos antipsicóticos que aparece de forma más común con los antipsicóticos fenotiazínicos y los antipsicóticos atípicos como la clozapina. El riesgo de desarrollar colitis isquémica se incrementa cuando se asocian fármacos con efecto anticolinérgico. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de una mujer de 38 años con historia de trastorno esquizoafectivo, en tratamiento crónico con quetiapina desde hacía 3 años, que acudió a urgencias por cuadro de diarrea de 5 días de evolución. Cuatro meses antes se añadió olanzapina a su medicación psiquiátrica. A la exploración física presentaba distensión abdominal con timpanismo y dolor a la palpación. En la analítica de urgencias destacaba elevación de reactantes de fase aguda. La tomografía objetivó engrosamiento concéntrico de la pared de colon transverso, descendente y sigma, sin signos de perforación intestinal. La colonoscopia demostró afectación grave de la mucosa desde sigma hasta ángulo hepático con ulceraciones y exudado fibrinoide. Las biopsias confirmaron el diagnóstico de colitis isquémica. Como único antecedente relevante destacaba el nuevo fármaco añadido hacía 4 meses a su medicación de base. Se sospechó un efecto adverso debido a su acción anticolinérgica a nivel intestinal y fue retirado. A los 6 meses de seguimiento se evidenció recuperación clínica, analítica y endoscópica. Discusión: se debe tener presente la medicación antipsicótica como causa potencial de colitis isquémica, especialmente los antipsicóticos atípicos como la clozapina y la olanzapina, ya que, a pesar de ser un efecto adverso poco frecuente, puede implicar elevada morbimortalida (AU)

Ischemic colitis (IC) is an uncommon adverse event associated with antipsychotic agents, more commonly found with phenothiazine drugs and atypical neuroleptics such as clozapine. The risk of developing ischemic colitis increases when anticholinergic drugs are associated. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with a history of schizoaffective disorder who had been on chronic quetiapine for 3 years, and presented to the ER because of diarrhea for 5 days. Four months previously, olanzapine had been added to her psychiatric drug regimen. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension with abdominal tympanic sounds and tenderness. Emergency laboratory tests were notable for increased acute phase reagents. Tomography revealed a concentric thickening of the colonic wall in the transverse, descending and sigmoid segments, with no signs of intestinal perforation. Colonoscopy demonstrated severe mucosal involvement from the sigmoid to the hepatic flexure, with ulcerations and fibrinoid exudate. Biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of ischemic colitis. The only relevant finding in her history was the newly added drug to her baseline regimen. An adverse effect was suspected because of its anticholinergic action at the intestinal level, and the drug was withdrawn. After 6 months of follow-up clinical, laboratory and endoscopic recovery was achieved. Therefore, antipsychotic medication should be considered as a potential cause of ischemic colitis, particularly atypical antipsychotics such as clozapine and olanzapine; despite being uncommon, this adverse event may result in high morbidity and mortality (AU)

Olanzapine-induced ischemic colitis.

Ischemic colitis (IC) is an uncommon adverse event associated with antipsychotic agents, more commonly found with phenothiazine drugs and atypical neuroleptics such as clozapine. The risk of developing ischemic colitis increases when anticholinergic drugs are associated. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with a history of schizoaffective disorder who had been on chronic quetiapine for 3 years, and presented to the ER because of diarrhea for 5 days. Four months previously, olanzapine had been added to her psychiatric drug regimen. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension with abdominal tympanic sounds and tenderness. Emergency laboratory tests were notable for increased acute phase reagents. Tomography revealed a concentric thickening of the colonic wall in the transverse, descending and sigmoid segments, with no signs of intestinal perforation. Colonoscopy demonstrated severe mucosal involvement from the sigmoid to the hepatic flexure, with ulcerations and fibrinoid exudate. Biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of ischemic colitis. The only relevant finding in her history was the newly added drug to her baseline regimen. An adverse effect was suspected because of its anticholinergic action at the intestinal level, and the drug was withdrawn. After 6 months of follow-up clinical, laboratory and endoscopic recovery was achieved. Therefore, antipsychotic medication should be considered as a potential cause of ischemic colitis, particularly atypical antipsychotics such as clozapine and olanzapine; despite being uncommon, this adverse event may result in high morbidity and mortality.