ABSTRACT
Despite its importance as an experimental model, information about the morphology of the renal vein (RV) is scarce and limited to qualitative descriptions. The objective of this investigation was to determine the morphological characteristics of the RV and its tributaries in pigs (Sus domesticus). We studied 93 pairs of kidneys of pigs destined to slaughter. This descriptive study evaluated the RV and its tributaries, which were perfused with polyester resin (85% Palatal and 15% styrene). Subsequently for full corrosion pieces were subjected to infusion of KOH (potassium hydroxide) for 10 days. The RV and their tributaries were assessed for shape, trajectory and morphometry. The level of significance was set at p< 0.05. A single RV was found in 93% of the specimens. The caliber of the RV was 12.8±3.05 mm. It was significantly higher on the left side (p=0.043). Length was 26.54±12.81 mm for the right RV and 37.64±13.62 mm for the left RV. The position of the RV in relation with the renal artery was cranial-ventral in 46.2% of the specimens, whereas its origin was hilar in 61.9% of the cases. The emergence of the RV from two tributary veins (pattern Ia) was the most common (76.9%). The morphological characteristics of the VR observed in this study are similar to those reported in humans, so the usefulness of this animal model in procedural applications and hemodynamics is evident
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Subject(s)
Animals , Renal Veins/anatomy & histology , Kidney/blood supply , Swine/anatomy & histology , Anatomic VariationABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the morphological expression of the coronary sinus and its tributary branches in pigs. This descriptive cross-over study evaluated continuous variables with t test, and discrete variables with the Pearson χ square test. A level of significance p <0.05 was used. The coronary sinus (CS) and its tributaries were perfused with polyester resin (Palatal 85%, Styrene 15%), and then the hearts were subjected to KOH infusion to release subepicardal fat. The shape, trajectory and morphometry of the CS and its tributary veins were assessed. The CS was 26.9 ± 5.69 mm in length, with a proximal caliber of 10.8 ± 2.43 mm. It was cylindrical in shape in 69% of cases. The left marginal had a distal caliber of 2.6 ± 0.75 mm. The distal caliber of the middle cardiac vein (MCV) was 3.7 ± 1.04 mm. An anastomosis between the venous branches was observed in 63% of hearts. The caliber of the minor cardiac vein and the left azygous vein was 1.67 ± 0.49 mm and 8.47 ± 2.07, mm respectively. The distal caliber of the right marginal vein was 1.54 ± 0.28 mm. Myocardial bridges over the MCV were found in 10 cases (8%). A greater frequency of anastomoses was observed at the level of the heart apex between the MCV and the great cardiac vein than described in human studies. Because human and swine hearts exhibit similarity in the pattern of the CS and its tributaries, this animal model is suitable for performing procedural and hemodynamic applications
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