ABSTRACT
Este trabajo analizo el efecto que tiene sobre los trastornos psicologicos de los hijos su percepcion de las practicas de crianza, teniendo en cuenta el sexo de los padres y de los hijos, la edad, los problemas economicos, asi como la estructura familiar. Participaron 284 adolescentes (156 mujeres y 128 hombres), de entre 11 y 19 anos. Los analisis de regresion multiple mostraron el valor predictivo de la utilizacion del castigo por ambos progenitores sobre los trastornos interiorizados y exteriorizados de los hijos. Por el contrario, la baja supervision parental unicamente predijo los problemas exteriorizados, mientras que la retirada del afecto paterna se relaciono con los interiorizados. Otras variables predictoras de los trastornos fueron la percepcion de dificultades economicas, el sexo, la edad de los hijos y la existencia de un hogar reconstituido. En los hogares no reconstituidos, la supervision paterna se relaciono con menos problemas exteriorizados y la induccion materna con menos trastornos interiorizados. Se discute la importancia de las conductas de crianza positivas y el trabajo con familias en proceso de separacion o de reconstitución
This study analyzed the influence of adolescents' perception of parenting behaviors on externalizing and internalizing disorders. The controlled variables (and their possible effects) were: sex of parents and children, age, family structure, and the perception of economic problems within the family. The participants were 284 adolescents (156 female and 128 male) ranging between 11 and 19 years of age. Multiple regression analyses results showed that the punitiveness of parents was related to internalizing and externalizing disorders, while low monitoring was associated to externalizing disorders only. Withdrawal of paternal affection was related to internalizing disorders. Other predictive variables were the perception of economic problems, sex, and age of children and the existence of a reconstituted family. In non-reconstituted households, the paternal monitoring was related to fewer externalizing disorders and maternal induction with fewer internalizing disorders. The importance of fostering positive parenting behaviors as well as working with families who are in a process of separation or reconstitution is discussed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Rearing/psychology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Parenting/psychology , Divorce/psychology , Socialization , Emotional Adjustment , Personal Autonomy , Family Characteristics , Family Relations/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence, nature and consequences of sexual abuse during childhood or adolescence. METHODS: A total of 2,159 college students from the University of Granada anonymously completed a questionnaire on sexual abuse. A group of sexual abuse survivors was established and a comparison group without a history of abuse was selected. In a second session, the socio-affective adjustment of both groups was assessed. RESULTS: Sexual abuse before the age of 18 was reported by 269 (12.5%) students. In 62.8%, the abuse consisted of the perpetrator touching the victim and/or the victim touching the perpetrator. The average age at which the sexual abuse started was 8.8 years old. The vast majority of perpetrators were males and 44% were under-age minors. The perpetrators usually committed the sexual abuse in the victim's home or in their own homes, taking advantage of visits and/or close relationships. Almost half the perpetrators made use of deception or games. Female college students with a history of sexual abuse had lower self-esteem, were less assertive, had a more negative attitude toward life, and higher depression and anxiety scores than women in the comparison group. Male survivors, however, differed from non-survivors only in having higher anxiety levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the severity of the problem of sexual abuse of minors and its consequences, the circumstances in which this abuse occurs, and the profiles of perpetrators and victims. These results are relevant for the planning of abuse detection and prevention programs.
