ABSTRACT
OBJECTIUS FORMATIUS1. Què és la immunoteràpia específica ambal·lèrgens? Definir les indicacions.2.Conèixer les pautes i els mètodes dadministració.3.Recursos necessaris per a ladministració de laimmunoteràpia. On i com sha dadministrar.4.Quines són les possibles reaccions adverses?Com reconèixer-les i tractar-les.IntroduccióLOrganització Mundial de la Salut defineix clínicament la immunoteràpia amb al·èrgens (ITA) comladministració gradual de quantitats creixents dunavacuna al·lergènica a un subjecte al·lèrgic fins arribara una dosi que sigui eficaç, millorant els símptomes associats a lexposició posterior a lal·lergen causant. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Protocols , Primary Health Care , Immunotherapy , Desensitization, Immunologic/instrumentation , Desensitization, Immunologic/methods , AllergensABSTRACT
Vaccinations are one of the main public health tools for the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. If a child is identified as having had an allergic reaction to a vaccine, subsequent immunisations will probably be suspended - with the risks such a decision implies. The incidence of severe allergic reactions is very low, ranging between 0.5 and 1 cases/100,000 doses. Rather than the vaccine antigens as such, the causes of allergic reactions to vaccines are often residual protein components of the manufacturing process such as gelatine or egg, and less commonly yeasts or latex. Most vaccine reactions are mild and circumscribed to the injection site; although in some cases severe anaphylactic reactions can be observed. If an immediate-type allergic reaction is suspected at vaccination, or if a child with allergy to some of the vaccine components is scheduled for vaccination, a correct diagnosis of the possible allergic process must be made. The usual vaccine components must be known in order to determine whether vaccination can be safely performed
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Hypersensitivity/complications , Hypersensitivity/immunology , Vaccines/adverse effects , Vaccines/immunology , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunization/trends , Immunization , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Skin Tests/instrumentation , Skin Tests/methods , Vaccines/classification , Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Hypersensitivity/prevention & control , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination , Surveys and Questionnaires , Medical History Taking/methodsABSTRACT
Vaccinations are one of the main public health tools for the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. If a child is identified as having had an allergic reaction to a vaccine, subsequent immunisations will probably be suspended - with the risks such a decision implies. The incidence of severe allergic reactions is very low, ranging between 0.5 and 1 cases/100,000 doses. Rather than the vaccine antigens as such, the causes of allergic reactions to vaccines are often residual protein components of the manufacturing process such as gelatine or egg, and less commonly yeasts or latex. Most vaccine reactions are mild and circumscribed to the injection site; although in some cases severe anaphylactic reactions can be observed. If an immediate-type allergic reaction is suspected at vaccination, or if a child with allergy to some of the vaccine components is scheduled for vaccination, a correct diagnosis of the possible allergic process must be made. The usual vaccine components must be known in order to determine whether vaccination can be safely performed.
