Subject(s)
Device Removal/methods , Esophageal Stenosis/etiology , Esophagitis/etiology , Esophagus , Foreign-Body Migration/surgery , Stents/adverse effects , Aged , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholangitis/therapy , Esophageal Stenosis/diagnosis , Esophagitis/diagnosis , Female , Foreign-Body Migration/etiology , HumansABSTRACT
Undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA [RNA(-)] before liver transplantation (OLT) has been shown to decrease the rates of disease recurrence. We sought to determine whether RNA(-) subjects differ in post-OLT recurrence (virological/VR, histological/HR), graft failure (GF), or patient survival from RNA(+) patients using a retrospective review. From 1995 to 2004, a total of 49 patients were RNA(-) at OLT as a result of interferon-based therapy: 22 SVR and 27 with end-of-treatment response (ETR) transplanted when RNA(-) within 6 months of ET. Forty-eight RNA(+) patients were analyzed as controls. Virological recurrence (VR) was seen in 55% of RNA(-) subjects with no difference in HR between RNA(-) vs (+) groups, namely 36.7% versus 56.3% (P = .068), respectively. The RNA(+) subjects showed a lower time to HR (5.6 vs 11 months; P = .027). The SVR subjects displayed lower VR (36.4%) and histological recurrence (HR) (13.6%) compared to ETR (VR 70.4%, P = .023; HR 55.6%, P = .003) or RNA(+) (HR 56%, P = .0008). The SVR subjects, who were identified with a sensitive assay (SVR(S), lower limit <600 IU/mL) showed no VR, HR, or GF. The 1- and 5-year survivals were 87.8%/75.6% and 89.6%/77.8% for RNA(-) and (+) groups, respectively (P = .77). In conclusion, RNA(-)-transplanted patients displayed lower VR and longer time to HR. The SVR patients showed lower VR and HR compared to ETR and RNA(+) patients.
Subject(s)
Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C/surgery , Liver Transplantation/physiology , RNA, Viral/blood , Adult , Aged , Female , Graft Survival , Humans , Liver Transplantation/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome , Viral LoadABSTRACT
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an ongoing worldwide pandemic. In general, the mode of transmission is different according to its prevalence in different areas: mostly perinatal in highly prevalent zones and predominantly sexual and/or parenteral in low prevalence areas. The variation in presentations of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) make its management complex. Aminotransferase levels, viral load, histologic changes, age of the patient, viral mutations (e.g. hepatitis B e antigen negative) and pregnancy are all factors that impact on treatment decisions. The ideal drug that will eradicate the HBV has yet to be developed. This review focuses on the currently available medications for CHB: alpha-interferon, lamivudine, adefovir, as well as new drugs that have proven to be active against HBV in clinical trials and are closer to licensure; pegylated interferon tenofovir, entecavir, emtricitabine, telbivudine and clevudine. The antiviral properties and the advantages and disadvantages in HBeAg-positive and negative patients are discussed. Combinations of different medications currently under study were not included in this review. A suggested algorithm, developed from recent literature, may serve as a practical guide on tailoring drug selection based on viral load, aminotransferases, hepatitis B e antigen status and histological findings. Finally, practical management questions are raised.
