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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 76(5/6): 77-82, mayo-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-177402

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La detección precoz de la hipoacusia permite realizar un tratamiento temprano de los pacientes mejorando significativamente su pronóstico. Con este objetivo se implantó en la Comunidad Valencia el programa de cribado universal de la hipoacusia neonatal. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de los resultados de dicho cribado desde su implantación en enero de 2002 hasta diciembre de 2014, es decir, durante 13 años consecutivos. Posteriormente se revisaron todos los casos que no superaron el cribado. Resultados: La cobertura del cribado alcanzó en pocos años a prácticamente el 100% de la población, con un total de recién nacidos cribados de 14.339. La tasa global de derivación a confirmación fue del 1%, y hubo un 0,7% de pérdidas. Se diagnosticaron 32 casos de hipoacusia neurosensorial (2,23/1.000 recién nacidos). Se estudiaron los casos que no superaron el cribado auditivo, y se halló una asociación entre diferentes variables, como los antecedentes familiares y la edad gestacional, con la presencia de hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral. Conclusiones: El programa de cribado de la hipoacusia neonatal requiere unos años para su total universalización y cumplir de forma fiable las recomendaciones de la Comisión para la Detección Precoz de la Hipoacusia. Tras estudiar los casos que no superaron el cribado, se propone la edad gestacional como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipoacusia. Asimismo, se considera que los neonatos con malformaciones craneofaciales se beneficiarían de ser remitidos directamente a una prueba de confirmación, así como de la realización de pruebas de imagen, por la alta probabilidad de presentar una patología malformativa asociada en el oído medio. Por otro lado, este ensayo permite recomendar la realización de un estudio cardiológico a los recién nacidos con diagnóstico de hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral


Introduction: Early detection of hearing loss allows early treatment of these patients by significantly improving their prognosis. With this aim, the universal screening program for neonatal hearing loss was implemented in the Comunidad Valenciana. Material and methods: The results of this screening are studied, from its implementation in January 2002 to December 2014 (13 consecutive years). Subsequently, all the cases that did not pass the screening were reviewed. Results: The coverage of the screening reaches in a few years to practically 100% of the population, with 14339 of newborns being screened. The overall rate of referral to confirmation was 1% and there was 0.7% of losses. Thirty-two cases of neurosensory hearing loss were diagnosed (2.23/1000 newborns). We studied those cases that did not pass the auditory screening, finding an association between different variables such as family history of deafness and gestational age with the presence of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions: The neonatal hearing loss screening program requires a few years to be fully universalized and can reliably fulfill the recommendations of Comisión para la Detección Precoz de la Hipoacusia. After studying those cases that did not exceed the screening, gestational age is proposed as a risk factor for the development of hearing loss. Neonates with craniofacial malformations would also benefit from being referred directly to confirmatory test, as well as from the imaging test, due to the high probability of associated malformative pathology in the middle ear. On the other hand, this study allows the recommendation of a cardiological study to the newborns with diagnosis of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Neonatal Screening/methods , Gestational Age , Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(3): 1028-1035, sept. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-142463

ABSTRACT

%WL: porcentaje de pérdida de peso; %FL: porcentaje de pérdida de grasa; PNLWF: pacientes que pierden peso o grasa; PLWF: pacientes que pierden peso y grasa. Objetivo: evaluar si el %WL y el %FL en el tratamiento dietético, se vieron afectados por el género, la edad, el IMC y la asistencia a la consulta. Método: 4.700 consultas, 670 pacientes (IMC≥25), en el sur-este de España (2006-12). Se utilizó la dieta equilibrada e hipocalórica. Dos tipos de pacientes: PNLWF y PLWF (91,9%). Resultados: en los PLWF, los hombres y los que asisten en mayor número de ocasiones a la consulta han mostrado una mayor pérdida, frente a las mujeres (%FL: 23,0 vs 14,3%, p=0,000; %WL: 7,7 vs 6,6%, p=0,020), y los que asisten con menor frecuencia (%FL: 19,1 vs 7,3%, p=0,000; %WL: 7,8 vs 2,9%, p=0,000). El análisis de regresión multinomial (PNLWF/ PLWF) indica que solo el asistir a más de mes y medio a la consulta es un factor que influye en la pérdida, OR 8,3 (IC 95% 4,5-15,1; p=0,000). Conclusión: la medición de la grasa corporal proporciona una información adicional al peso perdido; la mayoría de los pacientes que asisten más de mes y medio obtienen un elevado %FL; la asistencia es un factor predictor de la pérdida; el %FL indica que el tratamiento dietético juega un papel principal en la resolución de esta patología; se recomienda diseñar esquemas prácticos del proceso de actuación de los nutricionistas en función del IMCi y el variable (AU)


WL%: percentage of weight loss; % FL: percentage fat loss; PNLWF: patients who lose weight or fat; PLWF: patients who lose weight and fat. Objective: assess whether the% WL and FL% in the dietary treatment was affected by gender, age, BMI and assistance to the query. Method: 4,700 consultations, 670 patients (BMI≥25), in the south-east of Spain (2006-12). Balanced and hypo-caloric diet was used. Two types of patients: PNLWF and PLWF (91.9%). Results: in PLWF, men and those attending a greater number of occasions to the consultation have shown a greater loss against women (%FL: 23.0 vs 14.3%, p=0.000; %WL: 7.7 vs 6.6%, p=0.020), and those who attend less frequently (%FL: 19.1 vs 7.3%, p=0.000; %WL: 7.8 vs 2.9%, p=0.000). Multinomial regression analysis (PNLWF / PLWF) indicates that only attend more than one and a half to the consultation is a factor in the loss, OR 8.3 (IC 95% 4.5-15.1; p=0.000). Conclusion: the body fat measurement provides additional information lost weight; Most patients attend more than six weeks, obtained a high %FL; attendance is a predictor of loss; the %FL indicates that the dietary management plays a major role in the resolution of this pathology; It is recommended to design practical schemes of action process nutritionists according to the IMCI and variable (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Diet, Reducing , Nutrition Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Weight Loss , Adipose Tissue , Age and Sex Distribution , Body Mass Index , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Algorithms , Treatment Outcome
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(6): 1388-93, 2014 Jun 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24972479

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: The olive tree is a source of bioactive compounds, both its fruit and its by-products. Some of its compounds have shown health benefits, being objective of this work the evaluation of biosafety in-vitro and in vivo of extracts of olive stones rich in polyphenols. MATERIAL AND METHODS: He has been evaluated for cytotoxicity by addition of lyophilized extract dissolved in PBS(0-400 mg/l) to a culture of the cell line THP1-XBlue- CD14 and evaluation of cell viability by the reaction of reduction of resazurin by living cells. Biosecurity has been evaluated in zebrafish, incubating eggs fertilized in 0 to 100 mg/l extract for 24 to 72 hours and measuring parameters: a) lethal (dead embryos, coagulated eggs), b) sublethal (spontaneous movements, pigmentation, edemas) and c) teratogenic (malformations, retardation development). RESULTS: Cytotoxicity (toxic effect when less than 75% viability) extract bones of olive in the cell line THP1- XBlue-CD14, is in concentrations higher than 50 mg/l, calculating a LD50 (dose lethality 50) more than 800 mg/l. The biosafety of zebrafish embryos exposed to concentrations of extract from 0-100 mg/l showed total viability at 24, 48 and 72 hours post fertilization (hpf), not observed mortality or appreciated embryos with sublethal effects, teratogenic, or advancement or delay in hatching. It can be concluded that the bones of olive extract is highly biosecured until at least 100 mg/l concentrations.


El olivo constituye una fuente de compuestos bioactivos, tanto en su fruto, como en sus subproductos. Algunos de sus compuestos han mostrado beneficios para la salud, siendo objetivo de este trabajo la evaluación de la bioseguridad in vitro e in vivo de extractos de huesos de aceituna ricos en polifenoles. Material y métodos: Se ha evaluado la citotoxicidad mediante adición de extracto de hueso de olivas disuelto en PBS(0-400 mg/l) a un cultivo de la línea celular THP1- XBlue-CD14 y evaluación de la viabilidad celular mediante la reacción de reducción de la resazurina por las células vivas. La bioseguridad se ha evaluado en pez cebra, incubando huevos fecundados en extracto de 0 a 100 mg/l durante 24 a 72 horas y midiendo los parámetros: a) letales (embriones muertos, huevos coagulados), b) subletales (movimientos espontáneos, pigmentación, edemas) y c) teratogénicos (malformaciones, retraso desarrollo). Resultados: La citotoxicidad (efecto tóxico cuando viabilidad inferior al 75%) del extracto de huesos de oliva en la línea celular THP1-XBlue-CD14, está en concentraciones superiores a 50 mg/l de extracto (viabilidad 77,5%), calculando una LD50 (dosis de letalidad 50%) superior a 800 mg/l. La bioseguridad in vivo con los embriones de pez cebra expuestos a concentraciones de extracto de 0- 100 mg/l mostró total viabilidad a 24, 48 y 72 horas post fecundación (hpf), no observándose mortalidad ni se apreciaron embriones con efectos subletales, teratógenos, ni adelanto o retraso en la eclosión. Se puede concluir que el extracto de huesos de olivas es altamente bioseguro hasta al menos concentraciones de 100 mg/l.


Subject(s)
Olea/toxicity , Polyphenols/toxicity , Seeds/chemistry , Zebrafish/physiology , Animals , Cell Survival/drug effects , Freeze Drying , Plant Extracts/toxicity
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(5): 960-8, 2014 May 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24951973

ABSTRACT

Salivary cortisol is a steroid hormone that is produced in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and secreted into saliva when persons are under stress. High levels of cortisol in saliva can be produced by many different factors, including obesity and certain psychological disorders. The articles selected for inclusion in this review were identified using Google Scholar and Medline, and this search obtained a total of 57 items. The validity of these studies was established according to the degree of evidence presented, by citations and by their applicability to the healthcare context in Spain. Specifically, this review takes into consideration studies of salivary cortisol and stress in children and adults, and those examining the relation between high levels of salivary cortisol and other disorders such as anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, social phobia or emotional deprivation. These studies show that salivary cortisol is a clear indicator of stress in both children and adults. High levels of this hormone in saliva are associated with the following main consequences: reduced immune function, affecting healing and thus prolonging recovery time; delayed growth in children; increased blood pressure and heart rate in both children and adults.


El cortisol salival es una hormona esteoridea producida en el eje hipotálamo-pitutitario-adrenal que se segrega en la saliva, sobre todo cuando las personas se estresan. Un nivel elevado de cortisol en saliva puede ser producido por muchos factores diferentes, entre los que se encuentran algunas alteraciones, como la obesidad y otras afecciones psicológicas. Los artículos seleccionados para ser incluidos en esta revisión se tomaron de Google Scholar y Medline, y con un total de 57 artículos. La validez de los mismos viene dada por el grado de evidencias demostrado, por las recomendaciones allí recogidas y por la aplicabilidad a nuestro contexto. En esta revisión se han considerado los estudios que investigan el cortisol salival y el estrés en niños y adultos. También se han tenido en cuenta los que relacionan unos niveles altos de cortisol salival con otras alteraciones, como ansiedad, TDAH, fobia social o la carencia afectiva. Los estudios demuestran que el cortisol salival es un claro indicador de estrés, tanto en niños como en adultos. Las principales consecuencias de un alto nivel de esta hormona en la saliva son las siguientes: reducción de la función inmunológica, que afecta a la cicatrización y, como consecuencia, a un mayor tiempo de recuperación. También se relaciona con un déficit en el crecimiento físico de los niños, así como con un aumento de la presión arterial y de la frecuencia cardíaca, tanto en niños como en adultos.


Subject(s)
Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Saliva/chemistry , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Stress, Psychological/metabolism , Adult , Child , Humans , Hydrocortisone/chemistry
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(6): 1388-1393, jun. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-143884

ABSTRACT

El olivo constituye una fuente de compuestos bioactivos, tanto en su fruto, como en sus subproductos. Algunos de sus compuestos han mostrado beneficios para la salud, siendo objetivo de este trabajo la evaluación de la bioseguridad in vitro e in vivo de extractos de huesos de aceituna ricos en polifenoles. Material y métodos: Se ha evaluado la citotoxicidad mediante adición de extracto de hueso de olivas disuelto en PBS (0-400 mg/l) a un cultivo de la línea celular THP1- XBlue-CD14 y evaluación de la viabilidad celular mediante la reacción de reducción de la resazurina por las células vivas. La bioseguridad se ha evaluado en pez cebra, incubando huevos fecundados en extracto de 0 a 100 mg/l durante 24 a 72 horas y midiendo los parámetros: a) letales (embriones muertos, huevos coagulados), b) subletales (movimientos espontáneos, pigmentación, edemas) y c) teratogénicos (malformaciones, retraso desarrollo). Resultados: La citotoxicidad (efecto tóxico cuando viabilidad inferior al 75%) del extracto de huesos de oliva en la línea celular THP1-XBlue-CD14, está en concentraciones superiores a 50 mg/l de extracto (viabilidad 77,5%), calculando una LD50 (dosis de letalidad 50%) superior a 800 mg/l. La bioseguridad in vivo con los embriones de pez cebra expuestos a concentraciones de extracto de 0- 100 mg/l mostró total viabilidad a 24, 48 y 72 horas post fecundación (hpf), no observándose mortalidad ni se apreciaron embriones con efectos subletales, teratógenos, ni adelanto o retraso en la eclosión. Se puede concluir que el extracto de huesos de olivas es altamente bioseguro hasta al menos concentraciones de 100 mg/l (AU)


The olive tree is a source of bioactive compounds, both its fruit and its by-products. Some of its compounds have shown health benefits, being objective of this work the evaluation of biosafety in-vitro and in vivo of extracts of olive stones rich in polyphenols. Material and methods: He has been evaluated for cytotoxicity by addition of lyophilized extract dissolved in PBS (0-400 mg/l) to a culture of the cell line THP1-XBlueCD14 and evaluation of cell viability by the reaction of reduction of resazurin by living cells. Biosecurity has been evaluated in zebrafish, incubating eggs fertilized in 0 to 100 mg/l extract for 24 to 72 hours and measuring parameters: a) lethal (dead embryos, coagulated eggs), b) sublethal (spontaneous movements, pigmentation, edemas) and c) teratogenic (malformations, retardation development). Results: Cytotoxicity (toxic effect when less than 75% viability) extract bones of olive in the cell line THP1- XBlue-CD14, is in concentrations higher than 50 mg/l, calculating a LD50 (dose lethality 50) more than 800 mg/l. The biosafety of zebrafish embryos exposed to concentrations of extract from 0-100 mg/l showed total viability at 24, 48 and 72 hours post fertilization (hpf), not observed mortality or appreciated embryos with sublethal effects, teratogenic, or advancement or delay in hatching. It can be concluded that the bones of olive extract is highly biosecured until at least 100 mg/l concentrations (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cytotoxins/analysis , Polyphenols/analysis , Olea/toxicity , Plant Extracts/analysis , Drug Synergism , Zebrafish , Models, Animal
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(5): 960-968, mayo 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-143832

ABSTRACT

El cortisol salival es una hormona esteoridea producida en el eje hipotálamo-pitutitario-adrenal que se segrega en la saliva, sobre todo cuando las personas se estresan. Un nivel elevado de cortisol en saliva puede ser producido por muchos factores diferentes, entre los que se encuentran algunas alteraciones, como la obesidad y otras afecciones psicológicas. Los artículos seleccionados para ser incluidos en esta revisión se tomaron de Google Scholar y Medline, y con un total de 57 artículos. La validez de los mismos viene dada por el grado de evidencias demostrado, por las recomendaciones allí recogidas y por la aplicabilidad a nuestro contexto. En esta revisión se han considerado los estudios que investigan el cortisol salival y el estrés en niños y adultos. También se han tenido en cuenta los que relacionan unos niveles altos de cortisol salival con otras alteraciones, como ansiedad, TDAH, fobia social o la carencia afectiva. Los estudios demuestran que el cortisol salival es un claro indicador de estrés, tanto en niños como en adultos. Las principales consecuencias de un alto nivel de esta hormona en la saliva son las siguientes: reducción de la función inmunológica, que afecta a la cicatrización y, como consecuencia, a un mayor tiempo de recuperación. También se relaciona con un déficit en el crecimiento físico de los niños, así como con un aumento de la presión arterial y de la frecuencia cardíaca, tanto en niños como en adultos (AU)


Salivary cortisol is a steroid hormone that is produced in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and secreted into saliva when persons are under stress. High levels of cortisol in saliva can be produced by many different factors, including obesity and certain psychological disorders. The articles selected for inclusion in this review were identified using Google Scholar and Medline, and this search obtained a total of 57 items. The validity of these studies was established according to the degree of evidence presented, by citations and by their applicability to the healthcare context in Spain. Specifically, this review takes into consideration studies of salivary cortisol and stress in children and adults, and those examining the relation between high levels of salivary cortisol and other disorders such as anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, social phobia or emotional deprivation. These studies show that salivary cortisol is a clear indicator of stress in both children and adults. High levels of this hormone in saliva are associated with the following main consequences: reduced immune function, affecting healing and thus prolonging recovery time; delayed growth in children; increased blood pressure and heart rate in both children and adults (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Saliva/chemistry , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Biomarkers/analysis , Risk Factors
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(5): 1536-40, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24160212

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maternal age is a preponderant variable in the epidemiological analysis of the premature birth. Studies show that in the extreme ages of the maternal life there is a risk of premature birth that generates a high rate of neonatal morbidity. OBJECTIVES: [corrected] Determine the effect on the extreme ages of women residents in the province of Alicante on the total of the premature births. METHOD: An explanatory, retrospective case-control study was conducted during the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2011. The study was based on the revision of the newborn registers from the Neonatal Screening Center of the province of Alicante. All the preterm were included, this means between 22 & 36 complete weeks of pregnancy (5,295 out of 78,391 newborn which represents 6.75% of prematurity), and a random sample of the deliveries with 37 weeks or more of pregnancy (control group). The age of the mother was studied as independent variable and the prematurity as dependent variable. RESULTS: Clearly shows an increased risk of prematurity among teenage mothers compared to the age group nearest to them, which is confirmed by a squared Chi test which gives a significantly different distribution (p < 0,0001) and an OD for very preterm of 2,41 (1,51-3,24) and of preterm of 1,71 (1,32-2,19). This probability is also higher among mothers over 40 years old with an OD of 1,86 (1,39-2,48) and 1,66 (1,44-1,91) for very preterm newborns and preterm newborns respectively. DISCUSSION: The results clearly manifest that teenagers and older pregnant mothers are at higher prematurity and low birth weight risk, therefore imposes the need to trace educational interventions to minimize this problem from the results in this research.


Antecedentes: La edad materna es una variable preponderante en el análisis epidemiológico del nacimiento prematuro. Los estudios muestran que en las edades extremas de la vida materna hay un riesgo de nacimiento prematuro que genera una tasa elevada de morbilidad neonatal. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de las edades extremas de mujeres residentes en la provincia de Albacete sobre de nacimientos prematuros. Método: Se realizó un estudio explicativo, retrospectivo de casos-control durante el periodo de 1 de enero de 2008 a 31 de diciembre de 2011. El estudio se basó en la revisión de los registros de recién nacidos del Centro de Cribado Neonatal de la provincia de Alicante. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos pretérmino, es decir, entre las semanas 22 y 36 de gestación (5.295 de 78.391 recién nacidos, lo que representa un 6,75% de prematuridad), y una muestra aleatoria de los nacimientos con más de 37 semanas de gestación (grupo control). Se estudió la edad materna como variable independiente y la prematuridad como variable dependiente. Resultados: El estudio muestra claramente un mayor riesgo de prematuridad entre las madres adolescentes en comparación con el siguiente grupo más cercano en edad, lo que se confirmó por una distribución significativamente distinta con el test Chi cuadrado (p < 0,0001) con una OD para los grandes prematuros de 2,41 (1,51-3,24) y de 1,71 (1,32-2,19) para los prematuros. Esta probabilidad también fue mayor en madres con edades de más de 40 años con una OD de 1,86 (1,39-2,48) y de 1,66 (1,44- 1,91) para recién nacidos grandes prematuros y prematuros, respectivamente. Discusión: Los resultados muestran claramente que las madres adolescentes y las más mayores tienen mayor riesgo de hijos prematuros o con bajo peso al nacimiento, lo que motiva la necesidad de establecer intervenciones educacionales para disminuir el problema, a partir de los resultados de esta investigación.


Subject(s)
Maternal Age , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Mediterranean Region , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Young Adult
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(5): 1536-1540, sept.-oct. 2013. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-120333

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maternal age is a preponderant variable in the epidemiological analysis of the premature birth. Studies show that in the extreme ages of the maternal life there is a risk of premature birth that generates a high rate of neonatal morbidity.OBJETIVES: Determine the effect on the extreme ages of women residents in the province of Alicante on the total of the premature births.METHOD: An explanatory, retrospective case-control study was conducted during the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2011. The study was based on the revision of the newborn registers from the Neonatal Screening Center of the province of Alicante. All the preterm were included, this means between 22 & 36 complete weeks of pregnancy (5,295 out of 78,391 newborn which represents 6.75% of prematurity), and a random sample of the deliveries with 37 weeks or more of pregnancy (control group). The age of the mother was studied as independent variable and the prematurity as dependent variable.RESULTS: Clearly shows an increased risk of prematurity among teenage mothers compared to the age group nearest to them, which is confirmed by a squared Chi test which gives a significantly different distribution (p < 0,0001) and an OD for very preterm of 2,41 (1,51-3,24) and of preterm of 1,71 (1,32-2,19). This probability is also higher among mothers over 40 years old with an OD of 1,86 (1,39-2,48) and 1,66 (1,44-1,91) for very preterm newborns and preterm newborns respectively.DISCUSSION: The results clearly manifest that teenagers and older pregnant mothers are at higher prematurity and low birth weight risk, therefore imposes the need to trace educational interventions to minimize this problem from the results in this research (AU)


Antecedentes: La edad materna es una variable preponderante en el análisis epidemiológico del nacimiento prematuro. Los estudios muestran que en las edades extremas de la vida materna hay un riesgo de nacimiento prematuro que genera una tasa elevada de morbilidad neonatal. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de las edades extremas de mujeres residentes en la provincia de Albacete sobre de nacimientos prematuros. Método: Se realizó un estudio explicativo, retrospectivo de casos-control durante el periodo de 1 de enero de 2008 a 31 de diciembre de 2011. El estudio se basó en la revisión de los registros de recién nacidos del Centro de Cribado Neonatal de la provincia de Alicante. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos pretérmino, es decir, entre las semanas 22 y 36 de gestación (5.295 de 78.391 recién nacidos, lo que representa un 6,75% de prematuridad), y una muestra aleatoria de los nacimientos con más de 37 semanas de gestación (grupo control). Se estudió la edad materna como variable independiente y la prematuridad como variable dependiente. Resultados: El estudio muestra claramente un mayor riesgo de prematuridad entre las madres adolescentes en comparación con el siguiente grupo más cercano en edad, lo que se confirmó por una distribución significativamente distinta con el test Chi cuadrado (p < 0,0001) con una OD para los grandes prematuros de 2,41 (1,51-3,24) y de 1,71 (1,32-2,19) para los prematuros. Esta probabilidad también fue mayor en madres con edades de más de 40 años con una OD de 1,86 (1,39-2,48) y de 1,66 (1,44- 1,91) para recién nacidos grandes prematuros y prematuros, respectivamente. Discusión: Los resultados muestran claramente que las madres adolescentes y las más mayores tienen mayor riesgo de hijos prematuros o con bajo peso al nacimiento, lo que motiva la necesidad de establecer intervenciones educacionales para disminuir el problema, a partir de los resultados de esta investigación (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology , Maternal Age , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Gestational Age
13.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 59(9): 467-478, oct. 2001. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-9954

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Presentar la situación actual de los programas de cribado neonatal en España y evaluar los resultados obtenidos durante el año 1999. Método: Realización de una encuesta a los 20 centros de cribado neonatal existentes en España. Resultados: Se han analizado un total de 380.249 recién nacidos para la detección de hipotiroidismo congénito, 378.479 para la detección de hiperfenilalaninemias, 93.502 para hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita, 18489 para déficit de biotinidasa y 37.425 para fibrosis quística. La edad media en la detección de estas enfermedades ha sido de 11 días. Se han detectado 184 casos con hipotiroidismo congénito, con una incidencia global de 1/2.066, 20 casos con fenilcetonuria clásica, con una incidencia de 1/18.293, 37 casos con hiperfenilalaninemia, 1 caso de déficit de cofactor y 7 casos con hiperfenila-laninemia transitoria, 22 casos de hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita., con una incidencia de 1/16.106, 3 casos con déficit de biotinidasa y 10 casos con fibrosis quística. Conclusiones: Todos los centros de cribado neonatal llevan a cabo la detección precoz de hipotiroidismo congénito e hiperfenilalaninemias, con una cobertura nacional del 100 por ciento del total de recién nacidos. En cinco centros se realizó el cribado neonatal de hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita, que cubre el 24,6 por ciento de los recién nacidos. Un centro lleva a cabo la detección del déficit de biotinidasa y dos centros han incorporado en el año 1999 la detección de fibrosis quística, que cubre el 9,8 por ciento de los recién nacidos (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Mass Screening , Neonatal Screening/methods , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/epidemiology , Phenylketonurias/epidemiology , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Cystic Fibrosis/epidemiology , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology
14.
An Esp Pediatr ; 50(4): 361-6, 1999 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10356828

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Lysosomal enzyme deficiency results in an accumulation of undegraded material producing structural and functional disorders. Mucopolysaccharidosis is a group of disorders caused by an increase in glycosaminoglycans (GAG) (mucopolysaccharides). Mucopolysaccharidosis, while showing a low incidence, has some clinical manifestations that warrant early diagnosis in order to establish immediate therapeutical action. Although definitive diagnosis is based on quantification of the involved enzymatic activity, it is necessary to have easy to use analytical methods available when there is clinical suspicion of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was made on a population of 632 clinically normal adolescents and children (one month to 18 years of age). In all cases a partial sample of urine to quantify glycosaminoglycans and creatinine expressed as the index GAG/creatinine (mg/mmol) was collected. In a reduced group of 27 people a 24-hour urine sample was collected. Determination of glycosaminoglycan levels was performed with a colorimetric reaction with 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB). Optimal condition of pH, wavelength and reaction time were established. The values found to be optimal for quantification were defined as pH 4.0, wavelength 528 nm and a reaction time of five minutes. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 5%. RESULTS: Validity of the partial urine sample was established by obtaining a linear correlation between the 24 hour urine sample and the partial urine sample with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.89 (p < 0.0001). The results obtained have allowed the establishment of normal values ranging from an index GAG/creatinine of 8.70 mg/mmol in the group aged 1 to 2 years to 1.34 mg/mmol in the group 17 to 18 years of age, with a distribution of intermediate ages adjusted to a logarithmic function. There was a clear difference in the values obtained in urine of patients with clinical suspicion of mucopolysaccharidosis. CONCLUSIONS: Modifications in the spectrophotometric method using DMB as a colorant for quantification of glycosaminoglycans are presented. The feasibility, easy application and sensibility of this method, condition required for its widespread use, are confirmed. Normal reference values from a healthy population have been obtained and shown to be age dependent.


Subject(s)
Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Diuresis/physiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mucopolysaccharidoses/diagnosis , Mucopolysaccharidoses/epidemiology , Mucopolysaccharidoses/urine , Spain/epidemiology
15.
An Esp Pediatr ; 45(3): 281-5, 1996 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9019970

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Trace elements have acquired major importance in the knowledge concerning corporal composition and in the comprehension of their metabolic participation in organic processes. The objective of this study was to know the concentration of trace elements in biological material (serum, meconium and feces) from preterm and fullterm infants during the neonatal period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Concentrations of Al, Ca, Cr Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, Pb and Zn were determined simultaneously in stools and serum by induction coupled argon plasma-atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP) of 12 preterm and 38 fullterm infants. Stools were collected for the 1st (meconium), 10th and 20th day and serum on the 10th day. RESULTS: Compared to serum from preterm infants, fullterm infants had an elevated (p < 0.05) value of potentially toxic trace elements (Al and Pb). Compared meconium from fullterm infants, preterm infants had an elevated excretion of Cu (p < 0.001) and Fe (p < 0.01). Compared to stools from the 10 and 20th day from preterm infants, fullterm infants had an elevated excretion of Fe (p < 0.05). Stool excretion of all of the trace elements increases throughout the days during the neonatal period, whereas Mn decreases. CONCLUSIONS: The mineral content of meconium and stools in newborns rarely has been described and ICP is an interesting method of assessment of trace elements in these biological samples during the neonatal period.


Subject(s)
Feces/chemistry , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Trace Elements/analysis , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Intestinal Mucosa/embryology , Male
16.
Aten Primaria ; 7(4): 278, 280-2, 1990 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2102753

ABSTRACT

In the view of the importance of nutrition for the eventual physical and psychological development of children, several ways to control the outcome of malnutrition, both due to excess and to defect, have been reported. Before introducing the adequate measures for the prevention and early diagnosis of malnutrition and obesity, the nutritional status of the children aged between 1-7 years was evaluated in the assigned population by means of the Shukla's index. In 681 evaluated children, 42 obese, 23 with malnutrition, 81 overweight and 105 with risk of malnutrition were detected. This prevalence of malnutrition and obesity warrants the implementation of screening measures for the nutritional status in children from the health center. A protocol to this end is outlined in the present article.


Subject(s)
Child Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Nutritional Status , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Obesity/prevention & control , Spain
17.
An Esp Pediatr ; 31(6): 533-6, 1989 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2629552

ABSTRACT

The mineral metabolism of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in 20 newborns and infants was studied. All children were born from term deliveries and none presented clinic, biochemistry signs or radiological evidences of bone mineral metabolism disturbances. In this way, metabolic blance technics were applied. Net absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were: 54,9 +/- 18,8; 8,7 +/- 4,8 and 64,6 +/- 14,2 mg/kg/day respectively. The retentions of the three elements were: 54,4 +/- 20,6; 7,4 +/- 4,5 and 43,2 +/- 13,6 mg/kg/day. A significative lineal correlation between plasmatic levels of 250Hd and 24,25 (OH)2D with calcium retention was found. The correlation of intestinal calcium apsorption was positive and significative only with 250HD levels. It wasn't found signification between the vitamin D metabolites with the magnesium and phosphorus balance. In other way, it was found a relation between the dietary intake of this two elements with absorption and retention of both of them.


Subject(s)
Calcium/metabolism , Infant, Newborn/metabolism , Magnesium/metabolism , Phosphorus/metabolism , Humans , Reference Values
18.
An Esp Pediatr ; 29(1): 41-5, 1988 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3190007

ABSTRACT

Remittance by mail of blood samples and subsequent time of permanency in mail boxes are not supposed to be best thermic conditions for dried blood samples in paper used for neonatal screening. With the idea of checking if temperatures variations can altered or not the content of TSH and T4, some samples of known concentrations of TSH and T4 has been heated to different temperatures between less than -40 degrees C and 100 degrees C during weekly periods. At such temperatures between less than -40 degrees C and 25 degrees C significant hormones losses are not observed. Nevertheless under higher temperatures the percentages of losses increases. Specifically between 37 degrees C and 60 degrees C an hormonal loss of approximately 36% is observed. T4 had also suffered losses of concentration in relation with temperature. These variations make indispensable the change of the way of managing samples that could had suffered modifications with temperatures, and that have been sent by mail. Therefore, considering that about a 40% loss can exist, limit of 40 mu UI/ml should be modified about 25 mu UI/ml.


Subject(s)
Diagnostic Errors , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Blood Specimen Collection , Congenital Hypothyroidism , Humans , Hypothyroidism/blood , Infant, Newborn , Mass Screening , Specimen Handling , Temperature , Time Factors
19.
An Esp Pediatr ; 28(5): 405-8, 1988 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3178055

ABSTRACT

Aromatic amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine have been measured on paper with dried blood samples, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in reverse phase. The aim of this procedure is to discriminate unclear cases of general screening for aminoacidopathies avoiding unnecessary retest. Plasma normal values of tyrosine and phenylalanine have been obtained in full term babies (0.82 +/- 0.39 mg/dl and 0.53 +/- 0.23 mg/dl) preschool boy (0.78 +/- 0.21 mg/dl and 0.63 +/- 0.20 mg/dl), school boys (0.89 +/- 0.16 and 0.76 +/- 0.22 mg/dl) and normal adults (1.48 +/- 0.19 and 1.41 +/- 0.12 mg/dl). In order to assess if fasting levels can be altered by breast feeding or formula feeding, a sample was obtained after various feeds and postprandially. Results show no differences before or after feeding. A group of malnourished infants showed greater plasma values of tyrosine and phenylalanine (p less than 0.002) conversely a group children suffering for diabetes showed no differences when comparing with matched age controls. In conclusion, measurement of tyrosine and phenylalanine on dried blood in filter paper is accurate enough, to avoid unnecessary recall in unclear cases of screening, and those levels do not alter significantly with normal milk intake.


Subject(s)
Child Nutrition Disorders/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Infant Nutrition Disorders/blood , Phenylalanine/blood , Tyrosine/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Reference Values
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