Effectiveness of hypnosis on pain and anxiety in dentistry: Narrative review.

Hypnosis presents an auxiliary adjunct in medical, dental, physiotherapeutic, and other clinical fields. This narrative review verified the effect of hypnosis in the control of pain and anxiety in dentistry. It presents the importance and effectiveness of hypnosis to aid dental procedures. It´s use in dentistry allows a wide range of applications such as sedation, analgesia, anesthesia, and hemostasis to facilitate treatment and improve the experience of dental care for dental patients. A discussion about the regulation of hypnosis in dentistry in Brazil, the attributions of dentists qualified in hypnosis, as well as the benefits of application based on evidence of hypnosis in dentistry, and the need for certification by hypnosis practitioners due to the possible risks inherent to the use of hypnosis are presented. Hypnosis is useful in the management of pain and anxiety in dentistry, when the dental practitioner is adequately experienced in this modality and the patients are carefully selected.

Study on the interaction of three classical drugs used in psychiatry in albumin through spectrofluorimetric modeling.

Comparative study of haloperidol (HPD), biperiden (BPD) and clonazepam (CNZ) interactions with human and bovine serum albumin was performed based on fluorescence quenching analysis. We used mathematical modeling comparing spectrofluorimetric data to obtain information on the possibility of competition among three drugs by sites binding. Results showed that the three drugs studied have high affinity for albumin and suggest the existence of two site classes in HSA for HPD and only one class for BPD and CNZ, in the range of concentrations tested for each drug. Among them, only HPD forms complex with HSA. Comparing normalized quenching plots suggested that the primary sites in HSA and BSA for HPD and CNZ are located at subdomain IB, whereas BPD would bind in the subdomain IIA. Considering the competition for binding sites in HSA, titrations of HPD-HSA complex by BPD and CNZ, as well as the titration of HSA solution containing CNZ titrated by BPD, show that although the three drugs do not compete with each other for binding sites, their interaction with HSA can cause conformational change in the protein, and to increase or decrease the accessibility to binding sites for other drug. This may mean alteration in the free plasma drug concentrations.

Binding of Sulpiride to Seric Albumins.

The aim of this work was to study the interaction of sulpiride with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) through the fluorescence quenching technique. As sulpiride molecules emit fluorescence, we have developed a simple mathematical model to discriminate the quencher fluorescence from the albumin fluorescence in the solution where they interact. Sulpiride is an antipsychotic used in the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. We selectively excited the fluorescence of tryptophan residues with 290 nm wavelength and observed the quenching by titrating HSA and BSA solutions with sulpiride. Stern-Volmer graphs were plotted and quenching constants were estimated. Results showed that sulpiride form complexes with both albumins. Estimated association constants for the interaction sulpiride-HSA were 2.20 (±0.08) × 104 M(-1), at 37 °C, and 5.46 (±0.20) × 104 M(-1), at 25 °C. Those for the interaction sulpiride-BSA are 0.44 (±0.01) × 104 M(-1), at 37 °C and 2.17 (±0.04) × 104 M(-1), at 25 °C. The quenching intensity of BSA, which contains two tryptophan residues in the peptide chain, was found to be higher than that of HSA, what suggests that the primary binding site for sulpiride in albumin should be located next to the sub domain IB of the protein structure.

Use of haloperidol and risperidone in highly aggressive Swiss Webster mice by applying the model of spontaneous aggression (MSA).

Aggression is defined as the act in which an individual intentionally harms or injures another of their own species. Antipsychotics are a form of treatment used in psychiatric routine. They have been used for decades in treatment of patients with aggressive behavior. Haloperidol and risperidone promote the control of psychiatric symptoms, through their respective mechanisms of action. Experimental models are obtained by behavioral, genetic, and pharmacological manipulations, and use a reduced number of animals. In this context, we applied the model of spontaneous aggression (MSA), originating the presence of highly aggressive mice (AgR) when reassembled in adulthood. We administered haloperidol and risperidone in escalating doses, for ten consecutive days. Using positive and negative control groups, we evaluated the effectiveness of these drugs and the reversal of the aggressive behavior, performing the tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT) on 10th day of treatment and 10 days after its discontinuation. The results showed that both antipsychotic drugs were effective in AgR and reversed the aggressive phenotype, reducing the number of attacks by AgR and the extent of lesions in the subordinate mice (AgD) exposed to the pattern of aggressive behavior (PAB) of the aggressors. This conclusion is based on the reduction in the animals' motor and exploratory activity, and on the reversal of patterns of aggressive behavior. The association between the MSA and experiments with other therapeutic protocols and different antipsychotics can be an important methodology in the study of aggressive behavior in psychiatric patients.

Purification and physico-chemical study of serum albumins of two neotropical fish species from the São Francisco River Bassin, Brazil / Purificação e estudo físico-químico de albuminas de duas espécies de peixes neotropicais da Bacia do Rio São Francisco, Brasil

This paper presents results from a study of albumin from pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg 1887) and the catfish pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Spix & Agassiz, 1829), two neotropical fish species inhabitants of Brazilian rivers, comparing their molecular mass and discussing their secondary structures based on spectropolarimetric (circular dychroism) measurements. Genetic controlled specimens were obtained from two fish hatcheries, located in Mococa (pacu) and in São João da Boa Vista (pintado), both in São Paulo State, Brazil. After a period of adaptation in holding tanks, fish blood samples were taken by punctioning their abdominal aorta. Purified albumin was obtained by gel filtration. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was performed for the molecular mass estimation. Circular Dichroism spectra were registered for albumins of the two fish species over the range of 190-250 nm (far-UV), which shown two negative bands at 217 and 208 nm, a positive peak at 196 nm and a crossover at 200 nm. This profile is compatible with proteins that content predominantly alpha-helix structure.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre as albuminas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg 1887) e pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Spix & Agassiz, 1829), duas espécies neotropicais de peixes nativas do Brasil, determinando as suas massas moleculares e discutindo suas estruturas secundárias, com base em medidas de espectropolarimetria (dicroísmo circular). Espécimes controlados geneticamente foram obtidos de duas diferentes pisciculturas, uma localizada na cidade de Mococa (pacu) e a outra, na cidade de São João da Boa Vista (pintado), ambas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Após um período de adaptação em tanques apropriados, amostras de sangue foram coletadas por punção da aorta abdominal dos peixes. Albumina pura foi obtida por gel filtração dessas amostras e as massas moleculares foram determinadas a partir dos dados da eletroforese SDS-PAGE. Espectros de dicroísmo circular das albuminas dos peixes foram registrados na região de 190-250 nm (far-UV), os quais mostraram duas bandas negativas, a 217 e 208 nm, um pico positivo a 196 nm e um crossover a 200 nm; perfil este compatível com proteínas que contem predominantemente estrutura alfa-hélice.

Deleterious effects of prepubertal corticosterone treatment on rat prostate.

PURPOSE: To investigate the structural and functional changes induced by corticosterone (CORT) in the ventral prostrate (VP) of rats in order to study chronic stress effects in the prepubertal phase. METHODS: Wistar rats received daily saline or CORT injections during the pubertal period from the 5th to 25th day of postnatal life. The animals were distributed into four groups: 1 - Control (n=5); 2 - Control 99mTc-P (n=5); 3 - Treated with CORT (n=14); 4 - Treated with CORT and 99mTc-P (n=10). All rats were sacrificed at two months of age. Technical tissue uptakes of 99mTc-P were used to evaluate the functional and stereological methods for morphological analysis. RESULTS: Acini distribution in the group treated with CORT differed significantly (p<0.0001) from the control. The control group's epithelial average height (10.01±0.24 microns) was statistically significant (p<0.0001) from rats treated with CORT (19.27±0.73microns). The collagen distribution was lower in the treated group (2.79%) when compared to control (3.97%). The radioactivity percentage in the groups marked with 99mTc-P (%Ati/g) did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference (p=0.285897). CONCLUSION: Chronic administration of corticosterone in prepubertal rats causes changes in their acinar structure and their ventral prostate stroma, indicating possible deleterious effects of this hormone.

Deleterious effects of prepubertal corticosterone treatment on rat prostate

PURPOSE:To investigate the structural and functional changes induced by corticosterone (CORT) in the ventral prostrate (VP) of rats in order to study chronic stress effects in the prepubertal phase.METHODS:Wistar rats received daily saline or CORT injections during the pubertal period from the 5th to 25th day of postnatal life. The animals were distributed into four groups: 1 - Control (n=5); 2 - Control 99mTc-P (n=5); 3 - Treated with CORT (n=14); 4 - Treated with CORT and 99mTc-P (n=10). All rats were sacrificed at two months of age. Technical tissue uptakes of 99mTc-P were used to evaluate the functional and stereological methods for morphological analysis.RESULTS:Acini distribution in the group treated with CORT differed significantly (p 0.0001) from the control. The control group's epithelial average height (10.01±0.24 microns) was statistically significant (p 0.0001) from rats treated with CORT (19.27±0.73microns). The collagen distribution was lower in the treated group (2.79%) when compared to control (3.97%). The radioactivity percentage in the groups marked with 99mTc-P (%Ati/g) did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference (p=0.285897).CONCLUSION:Chronic administration of corticosterone in prepubertal rats causes changes in their acinar structure and their ventral prostate stroma, indicating possible deleterious effects of this hormone.

Deleterious effects of prepubertal corticosterone treatment on rat prostate

PURPOSE: To investigate the structural and functional changes induced by corticosterone (CORT) in the ventral prostrate (VP) of rats in order to study chronic stress effects in the prepubertal phase. METHODS: Wistar rats received daily saline or CORT injections during the pubertal period from the 5th to 25th day of postnatal life. The animals were distributed into four groups: 1 - Control (n=5); 2 - Control 99mTc-P (n=5); 3 - Treated with CORT (n=14); 4 - Treated with CORT and 99mTc-P (n=10). All rats were sacrificed at two months of age. Technical tissue uptakes of 99mTc-P were used to evaluate the functional and stereological methods for morphological analysis. RESULTS: Acini distribution in the group treated with CORT differed significantly (p<0.0001) from the control. The control group's epithelial average height (10.01±0.24 microns) was statistically significant (p<0.0001) from rats treated with CORT (19.27±0.73microns). The collagen distribution was lower in the treated group (2.79%) when compared to control (3.97%). The radioactivity percentage in the groups marked with 99mTc-P (%Ati/g) did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference (p=0.285897). CONCLUSION: Chronic administration of corticosterone in prepubertal rats causes changes in their acinar structure and their ventral prostate stroma, indicating possible deleterious effects of this hormone. .

A simple mathematical model based on biomarkers in stress-resistant catfish species, Sciades herzbergii (Pisces, Ariidae), in São Marcos Bay, Brazil.

We present a refinement of our model describing the association between enzyme activity and histopathological lesions in the catfish, Sciades herzbergii from a polluted port. The fish were sampled from a port known to be contaminated with heavy metals and organic compounds and from a natural reserve in São Marcos Bay, Brazil. Two biomarkers, hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and histopathological lesions, in gills and liver tissue were measured. The values for GST activity were modeled with the occurrence of branchial and hepatic lesions by fitting a third-order polynomial. Results from the mathematical model indicate that GST activity has a strong polynomial relationship with the occurrence of branchial and hepatic lesions in both wet and the dry seasons but only at the polluted port site. The model developed in this study indicates that branchial and hepatic lesions are initiated when GST activity reaches 2.17 µmol min(-1) mg protein(-1). Beyond this limit, GST activity decreased to very low levels and irreversible histopathological lesions occurred. This mathematical model based on two biomarkers (histopathological lesions and enzyme activity) in catfish provides a realistic approach to analyze stress induced by contaminants.

A fluorescent spectroscopy and modelling analysis of anti-heparanase aptamers-serum protein interactions.

Aptamers are short, single stranded oligonucleotide or peptide molecules that bind a specific target molecule and can be used for the delivery of therapeutic agents and/or for imaging and clinical diagnosis. Several works have been developed aiming at the production of aptamers and the study of their applications, but few results have been reported on plasmatic dynamics of such products. Aptamers against the heparanase enzyme have been previously described. In this work, the interactions of two constructs of the most promising anti-heparanase aptamer (molecular weights about 9200Da and 22000Da) to human and bovine serum albumins were studied by fluorescence quenching technique. Stern-Volmer graphs were plotted and quenching constants were estimated. Stern-Volmer plots obtained from experiments carried out at 25°C and 37°C showed that the quenching of fluorescence of HSA and BSA by the low molecular weight aptamer was a collisional phenomenon (estimated Stern-Volmer constant: 3.22 (±0.01)×10(5)M(-1) for HSA at 37°C and 2.47 (±0.01)×10(5)M(-1) for HSA at 25°C), while the high molecular weight aptamer quenched albumins by static process (estimated Stern-Volmer constant: 4.05 (±0.01)×10(5)M(-1) for HSA at 37°C and 6.20 (±0.01)×10(5)M(-1) for HSA at 25°C), interacting with those proteins constituting complexes. Linear Stern-Volmer plot from HSA titrated with the low MW aptamer suggested the existence of a single binding site for the quencher in this albumin. Differently, for aptamer 2, the slightly downward curvature of the Stern-Volmer plot of the titration for that albumin suggested a possible conformational change that led to the exposition of lower affinity binding sites in HSA at 25°C. Similarly, although short aptamerdoes not appear to form a stable complex (collisional interaction), the longer aptamer is found to form a stable complex with HSA. In addition, the behaviour of quenching curves for HSA and BSA and values estimated for ratio R1/R2 from model developed by Silva et al. suggest that the primary binding site in both aptamers is located closer to the tryptophan residue in sub domain IIA. It is likely that both aptamers are competing for the same primary site in albumin.

Hipnose, imobilidade tônica e eletroencefalograma / Hypnosis, tonic immobility and electroencephalogram

OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma revisão sobre as características da atividade elétrica cerebral que acompanha a hipnose animal, estado induzido em laboratório em mamíferos por manipulações experimentais, bem como sobre as alterações encontradas no EEG durante o estado de hipnose, visando à discussão dos resultados encontrados na busca de evidências dos fundamentos filogenéticos que possam conduzir ao entendimento dos rudimentos neurais da hipnose humana. MÉTODO: Livros e bases eletrônicas de dados foram consultados. Critério de inclusão: artigos originais publicados entre 1966-2012. Critério de exclusão: artigos que se afastavam da visão eletroneurofisiológica da hipnose. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas 662 referências, tendo sido selecionados os artigos e livros referenciados. Além desses artigos, foi incluído no estudo o artigo de Hoagland, publicado em 1928, que é um clássico na área de imobilidade tônica em vertebrados. CONCLUSÕES: O estado de hipnose humano resulta de processamentos em inúmeros circuitos paralelos distribuídos em uma complexa rede neuronal, envolvendo, dessa forma, uma ampla área do encéfalo. Na trajetória evolutiva, a grande ampliação dos recursos corticais pode ter tornado as respostas de imobilidade tônica passíveis de modulação consciente, respostas essas ainda presentes nos humanos e que se manifestam involuntariamente em situações de grande ameaça. Vários estudos têm evidenciado mecanismos neurofisiológicos capazes de reforçar a visão da hipnose não só como um eficiente recurso para procedimentos médicos e odontológicos, funcionando como auxiliar na analgesia e sedação, mas também como excelente ferramenta psicoterapêutica.

OBJECTIVE: To present a revision on characteristics of electric brain activity accompanying the animal hypnosis, state induced in laboratory in mammals by means experimental manipulation, as well as on alterations found in EEG during hypnosis, aiming to find phylogenetic basis that could conduct us to the understanding of neural rudiments of the hypnosis state. METHOD: Books and electronics data basis were consulted. Inclusion criteria: original articles published between 1966-2012. Exclusion criteria: articles deviating from electro-neurophysiological hypnosis vision. RESULTS: It was found 662 articles in journals and books, and references show those chosen. In addition, we included the Hoagland' paper published in 1928, which is a classical paper about tonic immobility in vertebrates. CONCLUSIONS: Human hypnosis state results from processing of several parallel circuits distributed in a complex neuronal network, involving a wide area of encephalon. In the evolution, the enlargement of the brain cortex can have made possible the conscious control of tonic immobility responses, which are still presents in human occurring under extreme life threat. Studies have evidenced electro-neurophysiological mechanisms able to support the vision of hypnosis as not only an efficient recourse in medical and dental procedures, auxiliary in analgesia and sedation, but also as excellent tool for psychotherapy. In the evolution of humans, the enlargement of the brain cortex could be possible the conscious control of tonic immobility responses.

Interactions of aptamers with sera albumins.

The interactions of two short aptamers to human and bovine serum albumins were studied by fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and HSA were measured by selectively exciting their tryptophan residues. Gradual quenching was observed by titration of both proteins with aptamers. Aptamers are oligonucleic acid or peptide molecules that bind a specific target and can be used for both biotechnological and clinical purposes, since they present molecular recognition properties like that commonly found in antibodies. Two aptamers previously selected against the MUC1 tumour marker were used in this study, one selected for the protein core and one for the glycosylated MUC1. Stern-Volmer graphs were plotted and quenching constants were estimated. Plots obtained from experiments carried out at 25 °C and 37 °C showed the quenching of fluorescence of by aptamers to be a collisional phenomenon. Stern-Volmer constants estimated for HSA quenched by aptamer A were 1.68 × 10(5) (± 5 × 10(3))M(-1) at 37 °C, and 1.37 × 10(5) (± 10(3))M(-1) at 25 °C; and quenched by aptamer B were 1.67 × 10(5) (± 5 × 10(3))M(-1) at 37 °C, and 1.32 × 10(5) (± 10(3))M(-1) at 25 °C. Results suggest that the primary binding site for aptamers on albumin is close to tryptophan residues in sub domain IIA.

Risperidone interacts with serum albumin forming complex.

The aim of the work is to study the mechanisms of the interaction of risperidone with human and bovine serum albumins using the fluorescence quenching technique. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat many psychiatric disorders. We selectively excited the fluorescence of tryptophan residues with a 290 nm wavelength light, and observed quenching by titrating human and bovine serum albumin solutions with risperidone. Emission spectra were recorded in the range from 300 to 450 nm for each quencher addition. Stern-Volmer graphs were plotted and quenching constants were estimated. Results showed that the drug quenches the fluorescence of the human serum albumin by the formation of a complex risperidone-albumin. Association constants calculated from Stern-Volmer equation for low concentrations (lower than 1:10 ratio risperidone/albumin) were of 2.56 × 10(5)M(-1), at 25 °C, and 1.43 × 10(5)M(-1), at 37 °C. As the quenching intensity of bovine serum albumin, which contains two tryptophan residues, was found to be higher than that of human serum albumin, which contains only one tryptophan residue. Hence, we suggest that the primary binding site for risperidone in albumin should be located in sub domain IB.

Leptina e anorexia nervosa / Leptin and anorexia nervosa

Estudos recentes comprovam a importância da leptina no comportamento alimentar. A diminuição das concentrações séricas desse hormônio está diretamente relacionada com a variação da taxa de gordura corporal e provoca alterações em eixos neuroendócrinos, levando à amenorreia e à hiperatividade, entre outras consequências. Neste trabalho estamos apresentando uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais focos de estudo que relacionam a LEP com a ANN, bem como dos efeitos do excesso e da deficiência desse hormônio sobre o comportamento alimentar. Trata-se de um esforço para converter uma grande gama de conhecimentos obtidos da literatura em um texto, objetivando prover uma visão de como a LEP, funcionando como um sinal periférico de disponibilidade de energia, pode influenciar a atividade de circuitos neuronais que controlam mecanismos associados à regulação da homeostasia energética.(AU)

Recent studies demonstrate the importance of leptin in feeding behavior. The decreasing of the serum concentration of this hormone is directly related to the body fatty amount and provokes alterations in neuroendocrine axis, causing amenorrhea and hyperactivity, among others consequences. In this paper, a review of the main aspects interconnecting leptin and anorexia nervosa is made, as well as of the effects of excess and deficiency of this hormone on feeding disease. It was an effort to convert a large amount of knowledge obtained from literature into a condensed text, aiming to provide an updated view, how leptin functioning as a peripheral signal of energy availability to central nervous system influences on the neural activity involved in regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis.(AU)

Leptina e anorexia nervosa / Leptin and anorexia nervosa

Estudos recentes comprovam a importância da leptina no comportamento alimentar. A diminuição das concentrações séricas desse hormônio está diretamente relacionada com a variação da taxa de gordura corporal e provoca alterações em eixos neuroendócrinos, levando à amenorreia e à hiperatividade, entre outras consequências. Neste trabalho estamos apresentando uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais focos de estudo que relacionam a LEP com a ANN, bem como dos efeitos do excesso e da deficiência desse hormônio sobre o comportamento alimentar. Trata-se de um esforço para converter uma grande gama de conhecimentos obtidos da literatura em um texto, objetivando prover uma visão de como a LEP, funcionando como um sinal periférico de disponibilidade de energia, pode influenciar a atividade de circuitos neuronais que controlam mecanismos associados à regulação da homeostasia energética.

Recent studies demonstrate the importance of leptin in feeding behavior. The decreasing of the serum concentration of this hormone is directly related to the body fatty amount and provokes alterations in neuroendocrine axis, causing amenorrhea and hyperactivity, among others consequences. In this paper, a review of the main aspects interconnecting leptin and anorexia nervosa is made, as well as of the effects of excess and deficiency of this hormone on feeding disease. It was an effort to convert a large amount of knowledge obtained from literature into a condensed text, aiming to provide an updated view, how leptin functioning as a peripheral signal of energy availability to central nervous system influences on the neural activity involved in regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis.

Transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódico e obesidade / Binge eating disorder and obesity

A obesidade é um problema diretamente relacionado com a saúde pública, já que o número de indivíduos obesos tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. A comorbidade é muito comum na obesidade de longo tempo. A diabete mellitus tipo II e a hipertensão arterial, dentre outras, podem acompanhar a obesidade. O transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódica (Binge Eating Disorder) é o transtorno mais observado na obesidade, tratando-se de um comportamento alimentar caracterizado pela ingestão de grande quantidade de comida em um período de tempo delimitado (até duas horas), acompanhado da sensação de perda de controle sobre o que ou o quanto se come. No presente artigo, uma revisão bibliográfica é feita, abordando os principais aspectos fisiopatológicos envolvidos na compulsão alimentar, procurando contribuir para o entendimento da etiopatogenia dos transtornos alimentares e, em particular, do transtorno compulsivo periódica, e a elaboração de novas estratégias terapêuticas.

The obesity is a question directly associated to public health, since the number of obese people is increasing in last decade. The comorbidity is very frequent in the long-term obesity. Diabetes mellitus II andhypertension, for example, can coexist with obesity. Binge Eating Disorder is a disorder more observed in obesity, and it refer to a feeding behavior characterized by ingestion of a big amount of food within a delimited period of time (until two hour). It is accompanied by lost sense of control on what or how much eats. In present article, a revision is made and important physiopathological aspects involved in compulsive eating are considered, looking for contributing to better understanding of the etiopathogeny of feeding disorders and, in particular, of binge eating disorder, and to the elaboration of new therapeutic strategies.

Afecções álgicas da coluna vertebral tratadas pela acupuntura cinética associada à manobra Hualong / Kinetic acupuncture using Hualong maneuver on the treatment of pain disorders of the vertebral column

O presente trabalho é um estudo observacional que tem o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão da manobra Hualong (MH) com a Acupuntura Cinética (AC) para tratamento de afecções álgicas da coluna vertebral (AACV) decorrentes de desalinhamento/subluxação vertebral (DSV). Em trabalhos anteriores já demonstramos o efeito potencial da AC para modular a dor crônica associada à tensão muscular e tratar distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. A MH foi desenvolvida por nós desde 2000, visando a sua aplicação no início da “fase per-cinética” da AC. É uma manobra anti-thrust que consiste de mobilização realizada através de movimentos ondulatórios passivos e suaves, em um ritmo lento e sem resistências, para viabilizar a mobilidade da coluna vertebral e das articulações do membro superior e inferior, evitando transtornos como o DSV. Esse procedimento pode ser executado em um único movimento ou em sequência, dependendo da capacidade de adaptação, isto é, o “momento cinético” de cada paciente. Foram tratados 108 pacientes portadores de AACV, sendo 81 mulheres e 27 homens (81:27), com idade entre 25-61 anos, e classificados em três categorias: cervicalgia (total de 36, 31:5); dorsalgia (total de 27, 21:6); e lombalgia (total de 45, 29:16). Todos pacientes foram submetidos ao protocolo de tratamento da AC associado à MH. Os parâmetros de estudo para esse trabalho incluíram: dor, tensão muscular, mobilidade funcional, satisfação terapêutica e evolução clínica; os quais foram avaliados através de escalas de mensuração verbal, visual e numérica, além de outros questionários específicos. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a inclusão da MH na AC pode potencializar os efeitos terapêuticos de reabilitação física em pacientes com afecções álgicas e outros distúrbios musculoesqueléticos da coluna vertebral.

The present work is an observational study that aimed to evaluate the effect of Kinetic Acupuncture (KA) using Hualong maneuver (HM) on the treatment of pain disorders of the vertebral column (PDVC) associated with vertebral misalignment/subluxation (VMS). In previous work we demonstrated the potential effect of KA on the treatment of chronic pain associated to muscular tension and musculoskeletal disorders. HM was developed by us, since 2000, to be used in the “kinetic phase” of KA. It is an anti-thrust maneuver that consists of a mobilization technique performed with soft, passive and waving movements in slow rhythm and without resistance, which can promote mobility of the vertebral column and joints of the upper and lower limbs, avoiding complications as VMS. This procedure can be carried out by only one movement or in sequence, depending on the adaptability of each patient, in other words, the “kinetic moment” of each patient. A hundred and eight patients with PDVC have been treated, being 81 women and 27 men, 25-61 years of age. They were classified in three categories: 36 with neck pain (31 women and 5 men, 31:5); 27, upper back pain (21:6); and 45, low back pain (29:16). All patients were submitted to the KA treatment protocol associated with HM. The parameters for evaluation included: pain, muscle tension, functional mobility, therapeutic satisfaction and clinical resolution; which were assessed by verbal, visual and numerical measurement scales, and other specific questionnaires. This study suggests that inclusion of HM in KA treatment may enhance therapeutic effects on the physical rehabilitation of patients with pain and others musculoskeletal disorders of the vertebral column.

Computational modeling of synchronization process of the circadian timing system of mammals.

This paper presents a model for the circadian temporization system of mammals which associates the synchronization dynamics of coupling oscillators to a set of equations able to reproduce the synaptic characteristics of somatodendritic membrane of neurons. The circadian timing system is organized in a way to receive information from the external and internal environments, and its function is the timing organization of physiological and behavioral processes in a circadian pattern. Circadian timing system in mammals is constituted by a group of structures which includes the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the intergeniculate leaflet and the pineal gland. In suprachiasmatic nucleus are found neuron groups working as a biological pacemaker-the so-called biological master clock. By means of numerical simulations using the Kuramoto model, we simulated the dynamics behavior of the biological pacemaker. For this we used a set of 1,000 coupled oscillators with long-range coupling, which were distributed on a 10 x 10 x 10 spherical lattice, and a new method to estimate the order parameter, which characterizes the degree of synchronization of oscillator system. Our model has been able to produce frequency responses in accordance with physiological patterns, and to reproduce two fundamental characteristics of biological rhythms: the endogenous generation and synchronization to the light-dark cycle.

Psycological and physiological responses to stress: a review based on results from PET and MRI studies

A new application for the nuclear imaging techniques is the study of organic responses to stress. Neuroimaging techniques allow the assessment of brain activation changes in association with the metabolic responses to stress. In this paper, a review of general effects of the stress on organic activity is made, emphasizing important advances introduced by studies using PET and fMRI. The importance of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to onset the adequate psychical and organic responses to sustain the homeostasis during the stress is discussed, as well as the possibility of traumatic stressing experiences have negative effects on the brain.

Uma nova aplicação para as técnicas de imagem nuclear é o estudo de respostas orgânicas ao estresse. Técnicas de neuroimagem permitem observar as mudanças da ativação cerebral associadas às respostas metabólicas ao estresse. Neste artigo, uma revisão dos efeitos do estresse sobre a atividade orgânica é feita, enfatizando importantes avanços introduzidos por estudos realizados com PET e fMRI. A importância do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal para o disparo das respostas orgânicas e psíquicas para a manutenção da homeostasia durante o estresse é discutida, bem como a possibilidade de experiências estressantes traumáticas exercerem efeitos negativos sobre o cérebro.

Tension neck syndrome treated by acupuncture combined with physiotherapy: a comparative clinical trial (pilot study).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of acupuncture combined with physiotherapy in comparison with acupuncture and physiotherapy performed alone in different parameters; pain intensity, muscle tension, functional disability and muscle strength in the treatment of tension neck syndrome (TNS). DESIGN: A prospective, comparative clinical trial. SETTING: Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Department. BACKGROUND: TNS can occur in computer users. Acupuncture has been one alternative treatment in physiotherapeutic rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders. SUBJECTS: Forty-six patients with TNS. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were allocated into three groups: Group-1 received physiotherapy (therapeutic exercises) combined with acupuncture; Group-2, acupuncture alone, and Group-3, physiotherapy alone; over a period of 10 weeks, with one or two sessions weekly. OUTCOME ASSESSMENT: All patients had completed the protocols and were assessed using a visual analogue scale for pain intensity (VASpain) and muscle tension (VASmt), the Neck Disability Index: Brazilian Portuguese version for functional disability, and the cranio-cervical Flexion Test for isometric neck muscle strength (INMS); in the periods before treatment (baseline), after 10 weeks of treatment, and after 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: All groups showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) in these parameters after 10 weeks of treatment and after 6 months of follow-up. Group-1 was superior to Group-3 in pain and functional disability improvements (p<0.05); and Group-1 was superior to both Group-2 (p < 0.01) and Group-3 (p < 0.05) in INMS. After 6 months of follow-up, the improvements of all groups were maintained (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data suggested that acupuncture effect may facilitate and/or enhance physiotherapy performance in musculoskeletal rehabilitation for tension neck syndrome.