Effectiveness of a video lesson for the correct use in an emergency of the automated external defibrillator (AED).

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Every year around 275 thousand people in Europe and 420 thousand in the United States are affected by sudden cardiac arrest. Early electrical defibrillation before the arrival of emergency services can improve survival. Training the population to use the AED is essential. The training method currently in use is the BLSD course, which limits training to a population cohort and may not be enough to meet the requirements of the proposed Law no. 1839/2019. This study aims to verify the effectiveness of an online course that illustrates the practical use of the AED to a population of laypeople. METHODS: An observational study was conducted to compare a lay population undergoing the view of a video spot and a cohort of people who had participated in BLSD Category A courses. The performances of the two groups were measured immediately after the course and 6 months later. RESULTS: Overall, the video lesson reported positive results. Six months later the skills were partially retained. The cohort that followed the video lesson showed significant deterioration in the ability to correctly position the pads and in safety. CONCLUSIONS: Although improved through significant reinforcements, the video spot represents a valid alternative training method for spreading defibrillation with public access and could facilitate the culture of defibrillation as required by the new Italian law proposal.

[Reliability of pulsioxymetry in the assessment of heart rate compared to other non invasive methods]. / Affidabilità del pulsossimetroper la rilevazione della frequenza cardiacain confronto ad altre metodiche non invasive.

. Reliability of pulsioxymetry in the assessment of heart rate compared to other non invasive methods. INTRODUCTION: Few information are available on the reliability of the assessment or heart rate. AIM: This study evaluates the reliability of the pulse oximeter in the detection of heart rate (HR), in comparison with ECG, radial pulse palpation and using an App for smartphones. METHODS: The heart rate was assessed on 55 nursing students in two sessions:1 - Pulse Oximeter, ECG, radial pulse; 2 - Pulse Oximeter, ECG, Heart Rate Plus App. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed for the HR measured with pulse oximeter, ECG, radial pulse and App (P = 0.501). The HR of students that do not practice physical training is higher compared to other students. The comparison of different methods showed that HR differences between sedentary and active students were no longer significant with HR detection by palpation on the radial pulse (sedentary and active students P = 0.086) and pulse oximeter (sedentary and active students P = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS: The pulse oximeter and the App can be considered reliable instruments for the detection of heart rate, as long as their use is limited to healthy adults. In the clinic assessment the use of the pulse oximeter and the palpation of the radial pulse could be the least reliable methods. Unlike the pulse oximeter, the App can be effectively used in sports.

Incidence and type of health care associated injuries among nursing students: an experience in northern Italy.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Nursing students are at high risk of injury while on clinical placement. The incidence of injury is three times higher in comparison to other healthcare workers, with a prevalence ranging from 25% up to 33,2%. Lack of knowledge and of experience in delivering nursing care, anxiety and unfamiliarity with the clinical environment all represent risk factors for injury. This study describes the number and type of injuries occurring in an organizational setting where nursing students are trained in simulation laboratories before being exposed to a real clinical environment. METHODS: An eight year retrospective observational study (2009 to 2017) was conducted on a non-probabilistic population of 1,403 nursing students from a university in the north of Italy. Incident reports were anonymised and entered in a database. RESULTS: Overall the percentage of students who reported an injury (6,2%) was much lower than the one reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing programme curriculum of the above mentioned university consists of frontal lectures, group works, simulation based sessions and supervised clinical practice designed to equip students with all the necessary knowledge and clinical skills to prevent health care injuries. Despite the encouraging results of this study, further actions in order to protect first year students, who are more subject to risk of injuries, are recommended.

[The concept of missed care: a literature review]. / Il concetto di missed nursing care: una revisione narrativa della letteratura.

AIM: To describe the concept and consequences of missed nursing care. METHODS: A literature review was conducted searching on Medline, Trip Database, Cinahl, Cochrane, with the following key words: missed care, missed nursing care. RESULTS: Any needed nursing intervention omitted (totally or in part) or postponed is considered missed care. The causes of missed care are the scarcity of human resources, of equipment or communication, but also the criteria for setting priorities and the relationships with nurses aids may also have an impact. The missed care may be measured with the Misscare tool: those more frequently missed are deambulation, passive mobilization, hygiene and oral care. CONCLUSIONS. A description of the interventions omitted or only postponed at international level, a measurement of the variability of missed care according to the number of nurses, and their impact on patients'outcomed could improve a better understanding of this problem.