LOCAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR PEDIATRIC RETROGRADE WEDGE PORTOGRAPHY INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES USING A DOSE MONITORING SOFTWARE AT A TRANSPLANTATION INSTITUTE.

The aim of this work was to establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for retrograde wedge portography (RWP) performed on pediatric patients assessing the usefulness of radiation dose monitoring software in the establishing process. Between September 2016 and April 2020, 66 consecutive RWP were performed at a transplantation institute and were included in our study. Patients were divided in three groups according to age: n = 25 infants, n = 20 middle childhood and n = 21 early adolescence. The third quartile of both Air Kerma at the reference point (Ka,r) and air kerma-area product (PKA) were evaluated to establish local DRLs (lDRLs). In addition, to control high Ka,r levels during procedures, the software notified to operators if Ka,r exceeded the dose 'alert' threshold set at 2 Gy. lDRLs were established for all three groups using PKA and Ka,r: infant group: 5.6 Gy.cm 2 and 0.034 Gy; middle childhood: 6.4 Gy.cm2 and 0.018 Gy and early adolescence: 12.8 Gy.cm2 and 0.059 Gy. The dose threshold 'alert' was never encountered (alert quota: 0%). The dose monitoring system supports the feasibility of accurate and easier lDRLs' establishment.

Imaging of primary malignant tumors in non-cirrhotic liver.

Primary hepatic malignancies in non-cirrhotic liver include a wide spectrum of tumors, which are classified based on their cells of origin. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignant tumor, followed by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Beside these tumors, other primary malignancies in the non-cirrhotic liver are quite rare. Accurate diagnosis is often difficult with imaging alone and biopsy with further histopathological analysis is often necessary. However, many of these tumors exhibit suggestive or characteristic imaging features due to their different cellular components, allowing radiologists to suggest the correct diagnosis. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide an overview of imaging presentation of primary malignant liver tumors that develop in the non-cirrhotic liver, including potential differential diagnoses. Such knowledge is essential as it may contribute to accurate radiological diagnosis and improved patient outcome.

Imaging Paget's disease of bone--from head to toe.

Paget's disease of the bone is a common, non-inflammatory, metabolic, skeletal disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by an increase in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and compensatory excessive osteoblast activation. Prevalence increases with age, and a pronounced geographical variation is well documented. The disease is often an incidental finding on a radiological examination requested for an unrelated indication. The osteolytic, mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic, and osteosclerotic phases may occur in the same patient and same bone in a synchronous or metachronous fashion. Radiological features in each phase mirror the histopathological appearances, and are distinctive enough to establish a diagnosis with confidence. Using multi-technique imaging, this review illustrates the most common and the not so common radiological patterns of involvement in Paget's disease of bone observed at our centre during the past 20 years.