Evaluation of remote monitoring of parturition in dairy cattle as a new tool for calving management.

BACKGROUND: Proper calving management of dairy herds is a crucial aspect of the bovine life cycle, as it has profound effects on calf viability and on the post-partum course of the dam. The objectives of this study were to monitor the calving process through the use of a remote alarm system and to determine the impact of prompt emergency obstetric procedures in case of dystocia for the prevention of stillbirths and post-partum reproductive pathologies, and for improving herd fertility. Six groups of experimental animals were studied: monitored heifers (n = 60) and multiparous cows (n = 60) were compared with non-observed animals (n = 60 heifers and n = 60 multiparous) giving birth during the same time period and housed in the calving barn, and with unmonitored animals placed in a dry zone (n = 240 heifers and n = 112 multiparous cows). RESULTS: The incidence of dystocia ranged from a minimum of 23.4% (monitored multiparous cows) to a maximum of 33.3% (monitored heifers), and there were no differences compared with control groups. However, the rate of stillbirth was higher in control groups than in the monitored groups (P < 0.01). Among both heifers and multiparous cows, the incidence of post-partum uterine infections was higher in the unmonitored animals both in the calving barn (P < 0.01) and in the dry zone (P < 0.05) compared with monitored animals. Among both heifers and multiparous cows, the control groups showed higher rates of foetal membrane retention than did the monitored groups (P < 0.001). The calving-to-conception interval was shorter; in particular, observed heifers showed a significant advantage of approximately 46 days compared with the unmonitored group (P < 0.001) and 32 days compared with the group in the calving barn (P < 0.05). Multiparous cows also had a reduction in the number of days open. CONCLUSIONS: The remote alarm system used to monitor the calving process assured the prompt presence of personnel, improving both the cow's reproductive efficiency and neonatal viability.

Autism and motor acts: experimental analysison mylohyoid muscle emg recordingsduring grasping-to-eat action - biomed 2010.

Most neuroscience studies do not pay enough attention to bio-mechanical related problems, such as the kinematic aspects of movements, that pose important boundary conditions, but are in general not sufficiently taken into consideration. In this work, using an experimental protocol based on measurements of mylohyoid (MH) muscle activity during grasping-to-eat actions, we debate the existence of impairments of action chains in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We re-examine the results of an electromyographic (EMG) experiment on MH muscle presented in a previous study; and we compare them to the results of a new, similar experiment in order to study the electromyographic activity of MH in typically developing (TD) children and in children with ASD executing grasping-to-eat actions. Our results are remarkably different from the original work and seem to indicate that there is no clear experimental evidence of different action organization in children with ASD.