[Blood glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease in Spain, and its treatment pattern, according to gender: CODICE study]. / Control glucémico y de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 con enfermedad cardiovascular en España, y su patrón de tratamiento, en función del género: Estudio CODICE.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: With the implementation of the Strategy of Health Promotion and Prevention in Spain, the scenario reflected in previous studies of low control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) can be modified. This study intends to determine the level of blood glucose control and other CVRF in patients with DM2 and CVD currently seen in clinics in Spain, as well as the pattern of antidiabetic treatment, and differences according to gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional, nationwide study was conducted in patients of both genders diagnosed with DM2 and established CVD. RESULTS: The study included 3,143 patients with a mean age 69.0±10 years. The mean HbA1c was 7.4±1.1% in females vs 7.3±1.2% in males (P<.05) and systolic blood pressure was 137±15.0mmHg in females vs 135.6±14.7mmHg in males (P<.05). The mean LDL-cholesterol was 101.5±38.1mg/dl in females vs 91.1±37.5mg/dl in males; P<.001) and the mean body mass index (30.7±5.4kg/m2 in females vs 29.6±4.5kg/m2 in males; P<.001). The most used treatments were metformin (68.1%) and/or DPP4 inhibitors (53.7%), with no differences between genders. CONCLUSIONS: The level of blood glucose control of DM2 patients with CVD in Spain can be improved. The treatment profile does not conform to the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines in general. The differences in the control of CVRF are worse in women for lipids and obesity.

[ESCRYTO study. Diabetes without cardiovascular disease and level of control]. / Estudio ESCRYTO. Diabetes sin enfermedad cardiovascular y grado de control.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, which is the main cause of death. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease in Spain. The data used includes the most recent determination of glycosylated haemoglobin, as well as the pattern of antidiabetic treatment, the incidence of episodes of severe hypoglycaemia in the last 6 months, and the level of control of cardiovascular risk factors, and gender. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A national, multicentre, and cross-sectional epidemiological study in which 800 doctors associated with the GDPS network participated. RESULTS: Of the total of 1,059 patients, 57% male, with a mean age of 62.7 years in men vs. 65.2 in women (P<.001). The mean onset of diabetes was 9.4±7.5 years. The mean HbA1C was 7.0% in men vs. 7.1% in women (P=.039), with the control objective of <7% being observed in 47.2%. There were 65% patients on treatment with metformin, and 62.4% on DPP-4 inhibitors, and basal insulin: 14.2%. Incidence of severe hypoglycemias in the last 6 months was 1.9%. The women had worse glycaemic control, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, abdominal obesity, and glomerular filtration levels. CONCLUSIONS: The glycaemic control is worse in women even if adjusted for age and time of onset of diabetes (P=.043), and for the number of hypoglycaemic agents (P=.015). The level of control is also worse in women for dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity, and glomerular filtration. A preventive strategy promoted from Primary care on healthy lifestyles and controlling all vascular risk factors is essential.

[Effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood pressure in white coat hypertension diagnosis. Rationale and design]. / Efectividad de la automedida de la presión arterial en el diagnóstico de la hipertensión clínica aislada. Justificación y diseño del estudio.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of blood pressure self-monitoring at home in front of 24-h blood pressure ambulatory measurement in isolated clinical hypertension diagnosis. DESIGN: Comparative study of repeated measurements of self-monitoring home BP and 24-h ambulatory BP measurement in a hypertensive patients sample. SETTING AND SUBJECTS TO STUDY: Mild-moderate essential hypertensive patients newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed in which suspect isolated clinical hypertension (BP>140/90 mm Hg in clinical setting repeatedly). It needs a sample of 182 hypertensive patients seen at urban primary health care. PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: We compute the isolated clinical hypertension prevalence, the sensibility, specificity and positive and negative predictive values, with 95% confidence intervals. DISCUSSION: Prove the effectiveness of blood pressure self-monitoring at home in insolated clinical hypertension diagnosis, can involve an important cost saving for health care system as in hypertensive patient management (medicines and office visits), as in diagnosis equipment.

Efectividad de la automedida de la presión arterial en el diagnóstico de la hipertensión clínica aislada. Justificación y diseño del estudio / Efectiveness of self-monitoring of blood pressure in white coat hypertension diagnosis. Rationale and design

Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad de la automedida de la presión arterial (AMPA) domiciliaria frente al control ambulatorio (MAPA) de 24 h en el diagnóstico de la hipertensión clínica aislada (HCA). Diseño. Estudio comparativo de medidas repetidas de una prueba (AMPA) con un estándar de referencia (MAPA) en una serie de pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencial. Ámbito y sujetos de estudio. Se incluirá de forma consecutiva en el estudio a todos los pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencial, en estadio I-II o ligera-moderada, recién diagnosticados o diagnosticados previamente en los que se tenga la sospecha de HCA y que son atendidos en 5 centros de salud urbanos. La muestra necesaria calculada es de 182 pacientes. Mediciones principales. Se calcularán la prevalencia de HCA, la sensibilidad, la especificidad, los valores predictivos positivo y negativo de la AMPA, con sus correspondientes intervalos de confianza del 95%. Discusión. Demostrar la fiabilidad de la AMPA en el diagnóstico de la HCA puede suponer un ahorro importante para el sistema sanitario, tanto en costes directos de manejo del paciente hipertenso (fármacos y visitas) como en el utillaje para realizar dicho diagnóstico

Objective. To assess the efectiveness of blood pressure self-monitoring at home in front of 24-h blood pressure ambulatory measurement in isolated clinical hypertension diagnosis. Design. Comparative study of repeated measurements of self-monitoring home BP and 24-h ambulatory BP measurement in a hypertensive pacients sample. Setting and subjects to study. Mild-moderate essential hipertensive patients newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed in wich suspect isolated clinical hypertension (BP>140/90 mm Hg in clinical setting repeatedly). It needs a sample of 182 hypertensive patients seen at urban primary health care. Principal measurements.We compute the isolated clinical hypertension prevalence, the sensibility, specificity and positive and negative predictive values, with 95% confidence intervals. Discusion. Prove the efectiveness of blood pressure self-monitoring at home in insolated clinical hypertension diagnosis, can involve an important cost saving for health care system as in hypertensive patient management (medicines and office visits), as in diagnosis equipment