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1.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 209(2): 188-200, 2022 08 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35802786

ABSTRACT

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to invasive infection. This study investigated longitudinal variation in GBS rectovaginal colonization, serum and vaginal GBS capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-specific antibody levels. Non-pregnant women were recruited in the UK and were sampled every 2 weeks over a 12-week period. GBS isolates were taken from recto-vaginal swabs and serotyped by polymerase chain reaction. Serum and vaginal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and nasal immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific to CPS were measured by Luminex, and total IgG/A by ELISA. Seventy women were enrolled, of median age 26. Out of the 66 participants who completed at least three visits: 14/47 (29.8%) women that were GBS negative at screening became positive in follow-up visits and 16/19 (84.2%) women who were GBS positive at screening became negative. There was 50% probability of becoming negative 36 days after the first positive swab. The rate of detectable GBS carriage fluctuated over time, although serum, vaginal, and nasal CPS-specific antibody levels remained constant. Levels of CPS-specific antibodies were higher in the serum of individuals colonized with GBS than in non-colonized, but similar in the vaginal and nasal mucosa. We found correlations between antibody levels in serum and the vaginal and nasal mucosa. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of elution methods to retrieve vaginal and nasal antibodies, and the optimization of immunoassays to measure GBS-CPS-specific antibodies. The difference between the dynamics of colonization and antibody response is interesting and further investigation is required for vaccine development.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Streptococcal Infections , Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin A , Immunoglobulin G , Male , Polysaccharides , Pregnancy , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus agalactiae
2.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 15(3): 417-20, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21333115

ABSTRACT

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a public health problem of global concern. It is critical that drug susceptibility testing (DST) methods accurately predict clinical response. We present a patient with a challenging case of MDR-TB with additional resistance to quinolones and pyrazinamide. Treatment with a regimen including high-dosage moxifloxacin, based on additional genotypic and phenotypic DST, produced excellent results. This case highlights the possibility of treatment with high-dose fluoroquinolones despite apparent bacterial resistance to these agents. Improved DST methods are necessary for both agents. Development of genotypic approaches may offer a susceptibility profile rapidly, enabling early introduction of individualised treatments.


Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Aza Compounds/pharmacology , Pyrazinamide/pharmacology , Quinolines/pharmacology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Adult , Drug Therapy, Combination , Fluoroquinolones , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Moxifloxacin , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology
3.
Vaccine ; 25(21): 4175-82, 2007 May 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17412462

ABSTRACT

We have evaluated an oral vaccine based on an Salmonella enteric serovar typhi (S. typhi) Ty2 derivative TSB7 harboring deletion mutations in ssaV (SPI-2) and aroC together with a chromosomally integrated copy of eltB encoding the B subunit of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (LT-B) in volunteers. Two oral doses of 10(8) or 10(9)CFU were administered to two groups of volunteers and both doses were well tolerated, with no vaccinemia, and only transient stool shedding. Immune responses to LT-B and S. typhi lipopolysaccharide were demonstrated in 67 and 97% of subjects, respectively, without evidence of anti-carrier immunity preventing boosting of LT-B responses in many cases. Further development of this salmonella-based (spi-VEC) system for oral delivery of heterologous antigens appears warranted.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Enterotoxins/immunology , Escherichia coli Proteins/immunology , Escherichia coli/immunology , Protein Subunits/immunology , Salmonella typhi/immunology , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antitoxins/blood , Bacterial Toxins/genetics , Bacterial Vaccines/genetics , Blood/microbiology , Enterotoxins/genetics , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Feces/microbiology , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Lymphocytes/immunology , Middle Aged , Protein Subunits/genetics , Salmonella typhi/genetics , Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification , Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
4.
Prof Nurse ; 5(11): 594-9, 1990 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2204069

ABSTRACT

Granuflex Paste and Granuflex E extend the range of indications for using Granuflex products in pressure sore therapy. These dressings enable ulcers of any degree of severity to be treated, although they perform better on sores on limbs than on sacral sores.


Subject(s)
Colloids/therapeutic use , Pressure Ulcer/nursing , Bandages, Hydrocolloid , Clinical Trials as Topic , Colloids/administration & dosage , Humans , Pressure Ulcer/diagnosis , Pressure Ulcer/drug therapy
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