ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of florfenicol for treatment of calves with naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). DESIGN: Randomized controlled field trial. ANIMALS: 63 beef calves and 80 dairy calves between 4 and 12 months of age. PROCEDURE: Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Calves in the SC treatment group received a single dose of florfenicol (40 mg/kg [18.2 mg/lb of body weight), SC, on day 0. Calves in the IM treatment group received florfenicol (20 mg/kg [9.1 mg/lb]), IM, on days 0 and 2. Calves in the control group received injections of saline solution (0.9% NaCl), IM, on days 0 and 2. Calves were reevaluated every other day for 20 days after treatment. RESULTS: Corneal ulcers healed by day 20 in 48 of 49 (98%) calves treated with florfenicol IM, 39 of 42 (93%) calves treated with florfenicol SC, and 33 of 52 (63%) control calves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Florfenicol administered SC (1 dose) or IM (2 doses 48 hours apart) was effective for treatment of calves with naturally occurring IBK.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious/drug therapy , Moraxella bovis/drug effects , Neisseriaceae Infections/veterinary , Thiamphenicol/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Cattle , Female , Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary , Injections, Subcutaneous/veterinary , Male , Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Proportional Hazards Models , Thiamphenicol/administration & dosage , Thiamphenicol/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics , Clonixin/analogs & derivatives , Horses/physiology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/blood , Area Under Curve , Clonixin/administration & dosage , Clonixin/blood , Clonixin/pharmacokinetics , Female , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
We investigated Greyhounds because of prior reports of malignant hyperthermia (MH) episodes and because Greyhounds may express high genetic relatedness due to inbreeding for generations. Seven Greyhound and six mongrel dogs were given halothane and succinylcholine anesthesia as a challenge to trigger MH. They also underwent semitendinosus muscle biopsy for contracture study with halothane and caffeine. Measurements in vivo of mixed venous and arterial blood gases, cardiac output by thermodilution, temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate provided sequential data regarding whole body O2 consumption (product of cardiac output and arterial-mixed venous O2 content difference), acid-base status, and arterial CO2 tension. Greyhounds and mongrels had uniformly similar in vivo and in vitro responses, without evidence for MH. Contracture thresholds were higher than those reported for normal swine and humans (8 mM vs. 4 mM). Information on MH susceptibility in this breed is important for laboratory investigation in Greyhounds as well as to veterinary medicine in general. Neither mongrels nor this group of Greyhounds were obviously susceptible to MH. If all Greyhounds are genetically homologous, then Greyhounds may not be specifically MH susceptible. These findings overall may provide a protocol and baseline normal comparative data for determining MH susceptibility in dogs and other species.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Inhalation/veterinary , Dog Diseases/genetics , Malignant Hyperthermia/veterinary , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Animals , Caffeine , Disease Susceptibility/veterinary , Dogs , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Halothane , In Vitro Techniques , Malignant Hyperthermia/etiology , Malignant Hyperthermia/genetics , Species Specificity , SuccinylcholineABSTRACT
The effect of combining protein sources on lysine utilization was evaluated using 450 crossbred starter pigs, average initial weight 6.8 kg and final weight 17.4 kg, in four replicates of 12 dietary treatments. Pigs were fed ad libitum a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing .65% total lysine, supplemented with one of four lysine sources: L-lysine X HCl, soybean meal, meat and bone meal and a combination of meat and bone meal and soybean meal with each providing equal lysine. The levels of supplemental lysine added to the basal diet by addition of the lysine sources were: 0, .15 and .30% L-lysine X HCl and .10, .20 and .30% for soybean meal, meat and bone meal and combination. All diets were calculated to meet or exceed the National Research Council recommendations for amino acids other than lysine. Gain and feed intake were measured over the treatment period. There was an effect (P less than .05) due to treatment on both average daily gain and gain/feed, but no effect calculated due to the independent variable of lysine intake for each of the lysine sources tested and the dependent variable of average daily gain or gain/feed. Response to the supplemental protein sources was linear. Gain and gain/feed were maximized when soybean meal fortified the basal diet. The data indicate that in weanling pigs to 17 kg body weight, lysine utilization from protein sources is not seriously affected by feeding the source in combination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
