Neuroendocrine Tumour of the Gallbladder Diagnosed after Cholecystectomy.

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but aggressive malignancy. Neuroendocrine tumour of the gallbladder make up 2-3% of all the gallbladder tumour. A 67-year female patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of symptomatic cholelithiasis and the histopathology revealed a neuroendocrine tumour of the gallbladder, stage pT2a. The patient's imaging study for metastasis workup were normal. A radical cholecystectomy procedure was planned as the tumour stage was pT2a. Postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were recommended. The patient, who had comorbidities, was refused both surgery and other treatment alternatives. The patient's one-year clinical, laboratory, and radiological follow-up did not reveal any findings of recurrence or metastasis. There is no standardised staging system for neuroendocrine tumours of the gallbladder since the number of such cases is quite limited. Guidelines are also insufficient. Multi-centred and large studies are needed in order to develop standardisation in treatment, prognosis, and factors affecting survival. Key Words: Cholecystectomy, Neuroendocrine Tumour, Gallbladder.

Vascular Leiomyoma Presenting as Anterior Knee Pain (Case Report).

Vascular leiomyomas or angioleiomyomas are rare benign solitary smooth muscle tumors that origin usually in the extremities. Most of these tumors are composed of venous vessels. Here in, we report a rare case of subcutaneous vascular leiomyoma of the right knee of a 38 year old woman who was presented with recurrent anterior right knee pain and soft tissue swelling. Clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic findings of the tumor is discussed. Leiomyomas are not mostly considered in the differential diagnosis by radiologist due to its rarity. Typical imaging and clinical findings of a tumor is an important clue for an accurate and early diagnosis.

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue located in the gallbladder wall. A case report.

CONTEXT: Heterotopia of the pancreas can be defined as the presence of pancreatic tissue in an abnormal location without any continuity with the main body of the pancreas. Heterotopic pancreatic tissue located in the gallbladder is a rare entity. Despite being a congenital condition, it takes years for heterotopic pancreas to become symptomatic. CASE REPORT: An 80-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with a two-week history of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting aggravated after meals. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed minimal wall edema and small grain-sized gallstones in the gallbladder. The patient was hospitalized and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed for acute cholecystitis. Pathologic examination showed a 6 mm nodular mass of pancreatic tissue in the gallbladder wall, comprised mainly of ductal and acinic structures and a few endocrine cells. CONCLUSION: We found this case of pancreatic heterotopia worth reporting because of its rare incidence.