Improving clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction among patients with coronary artery disease: an example of enhancing regional integration between a cardiac centre and a referring hospital.

BACKGROUND: Value-based healthcare (VBHC) is a promising strategy to increase patient value. For a successful implementation of VBHC, intensive collaborations between organizations and integrated care delivery systems are key conditions. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a pilot study regarding enhancing regional integration between a cardiac centre and a referring hospital on patient-relevant clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. METHODS: The study population consisted of a sample of patients treated for coronary artery disease by use of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or a percutaneous coronary intervention between 2011 and 2016. Since 2013, the two hospitals have implemented different interventions to improve clinical outcomes and the degree of patient satisfaction, e.g. improvement of communication, increased consultant capacity, introduction of outpatient clinic for complex patients, and improved guideline adherence. To identify intervention effects, logistic regression analyses were conducted. Patients' initial conditions, like demographics and health status, were included in the model as predictors. Clinical data extracted from the electronic health records and the hospitals' cardiac databases as well as survey-based data were used. RESULTS: Our findings indicate a non-significant increase of event-free survival of patients treated for coronary artery disease between 2014 and 2016 compared to patients treated between 2011 and 2013 (97.4% vs. 96.7% respectively). This non-significant improvement over time has led to significant better outcomes for patients referred from the study referring hospital compared to patients referred from other hospitals. The level of patient satisfaction (response rate 32.2%; 216 out of 669) was improved and reached statistically significant higher scores regarding patient information and education (p = .013), quality of care (p = .007), hospital admission and stay (p = .032), personal contact with the physician (p = .024), and total impression (p = .007). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a promising effect of regional integration. An intensified collaboration in the care chain, organized in a structured manner between a cardiac centre and a referring hospital and aiming at high quality, resulted in successful improvement of clinical outcomes and degree of patient satisfaction. The applied method may be used as a starting point of regional integration with other referring hospitals. We encourage others to organize the whole care chain to continuously improve patient-relevant outcomes and patient satisfaction. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN11311830. Registered 01 October 2018 (retrospectively registered).

Quantifying the added value of BNP in suspected heart failure in general practice: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing early stages of heart failure with mild symptoms is difficult. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has promising biochemical test characteristics, but its diagnostic yield on top of readily available diagnostic knowledge has not been sufficiently quantified in early stages of heart failure. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the added diagnostic value of BNP for the diagnosis of heart failure in a population relevant to GPs and validate the findings in an independent primary care patient population. DESIGN: Individual patient data meta-analysis followed by external validation. The additional diagnostic yield of BNP above standard clinical information was compared with ECG and chest x-ray results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Derivation was performed on two existing datasets from Hillingdon (n=127) and Rotterdam (n=149) while the UK Natriuretic Peptide Study (n=306) served as validation dataset. Included were patients with suspected heart failure referred to a rapid-access diagnostic outpatient clinic. Case definition was according to the ESC guideline. Logistic regression was used to assess discrimination (with the c-statistic) and calibration. RESULTS: Of the 276 patients in the derivation set, 30.8% had heart failure. The clinical model (encompassing age, gender, known coronary artery disease, diabetes, orthopnoea, elevated jugular venous pressure, crackles, pitting oedema and S3 gallop) had a c-statistic of 0.79. Adding, respectively, chest x-ray results, ECG results or BNP to the clinical model increased the c-statistic to 0.84, 0.85 and 0.92. Neither ECG nor chest x-ray added significantly to the 'clinical plus BNP' model. All models had adequate calibration. The 'clinical plus BNP' diagnostic model performed well in an independent cohort with comparable inclusion criteria (c-statistic=0.91 and adequate calibration). Using separate cut-off values for 'ruling in' (typically implying referral for echocardiography) and for 'ruling out' heart failure--creating a grey zone--resulted in insufficient proportions of patients with a correct diagnosis. CONCLUSION: BNP has considerable diagnostic value in addition to signs and symptoms in patients suspected of heart failure in primary care. However, using BNP alone with the currently recommended cut-off levels is not sufficient to make a reliable diagnosis of heart failure.