Investigating the correlation between genotype and phenotype in Prader-Willi syndrome: a study of 45 cases from Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities in the 15q11-q13 region. Understanding the correlation between genotype and phenotype in PWS is crucial for improved genetic counseling and prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between genotype and phenotype in 45 PWS patients who previously underwent methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) for diagnosis. RESULTS: We employed methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) and Sanger sequencing, along with collecting phenotypic data from the patients for comparison. Among the 45 patients, 29 (64%) exhibited a deletion of 15q11-q13, while the remaining 16 (36%) had uniparental disomy. No statistically significant differences were found in the main signs and symptoms of PWS. However, three clinical features showed significant differences between the groups. Deletion patients had a higher prevalence of myopia than those with uniparental disomy, as well as obstructive sleep apnea and an unusual skill with puzzles. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic tests (MS-HRM, MS-MLPA, and Sanger sequencing) yielded positive results, supporting their applicability in PWS diagnosis. The study's findings indicate a general similarity in the genotype-phenotype correlation across genetic subtypes of PWS.

Influence of morbidity, early nutritional intake, and total energy: protein ratio on longitudinal extrauterine growth restriction of very preterm newborns at term-equivalent age: an observational study.

To evaluate the influence of early nutritional intake on the growth pattern of very preterm infants. This was an observational study including 109 newborns (< 32 weeks gestational age). Perinatal morbidities, nutritional therapy (first four weeks of life), and weight, length, and head circumference (HC) growth at term-equivalent age were evaluated. Growth restriction was defined as a difference > 1.2 SD between the birth and term age measurements. Growth restriction at term-equivalent age: 52.3% (weight), 42.9% (length), and 22% (HC). Morbidities were positively correlated with nutrition therapy and negatively correlated with the total energy provision: protein ratio. The duration of parenteral nutrition, the time to reach full enteral feedings, and the total energy provision: protein ratio were significantly correlated. Nutrient intake influenced weight, length, and HC growth, and cumulative energy deficit was significantly associated with HC growth restriction.   Conclusion: Perinatal morbidities interfere with nutritional therapy and early nutrient intake, leading to insufficient energy and energy provision: protein ratio for growth. What is Known: • The intake of macronutrients early in life, mainly protein, is important for the optimal growth of pretem infants. • The severity of morbidities and low gestational ages impact the nutritional management of preterm infants. What is New: • The number of morbidities, reflecting the severity of the neonatal clinical course, had a detrimental effect on the nutritional therapy and nutrients intake. • The inadequate energy provision per gram of protein ratio was significantly associated with growth restriction in all growth measures at the second week of life, persisting for head circumference up to the fourth week, highlighting the importance of its measurement, as it could be a precocious sign of development risk.

[Depression, anxiety, stress, and social support: a cross-sectional study with caregivers of visually impaired children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Views-QoL Study]. / Depressão, ansiedade, estresse e apoio social: estudo transversal com cuidadores de crianças com deficiência visual no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil - Views-QoL Study.

We aimed to identify the reports of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of children without visual impairment, with low vision, and with blindness and their relationship with the degree of social, emotional, material, and affective support. This cross-sectional and multicenter study was conducted in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2019 to 2020. A questionnaire was applied to obtain caregivers' sociodemographic and economic data. The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) and The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used. Tests were used for multiple comparisons of these scales. The prevalence ratio of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress was estimated. Of all caregivers (N = 355), more than 90% were women-mothers. Caregivers of children with visual impairment show the highest proportion of no schooling, incomplete elementary education, or lower average monthly income. Most caregivers of children with blindness reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (66.7%, 73.3%, and 80%, respectively) as did those of children with low vision. The evaluation of the relationship between MOS-SSS and DASS-21 results shows greater support and lower scores of reports of depression, anxiety, and stress for caregivers of children without disabilities or with less visual impairment. For caregivers of blind children, the highest prevalence of such reports was independent of the received support. Results indicate the need for a care policy with mechanisms to protect the mental health of caregivers of visually impaired children.

O objetivo foi identificar os relatos de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre cuidadores de crianças sem deficiência visual, com baixa visão e com cegueira e sua relação com o grau de apoio social, emocional, material e afetivo. Estudo transversal e multicêntrico, realizado no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2019 e 2020. Aplicou-se um questionário para obter dados sociodemográficos e econômicos do cuidador. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Apoio Social (The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale - MOS-SSS) e a Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - DASS-21). Na comparação entre as escalas, foram utilizados testes para comparações múltiplas. Estimou-se a razão de prevalência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Do total de cuidadores (N = 355), mais de 90% eram mulheres-mães e a maior proporção de cuidadores sem instrução ou Ensino Fundamental incompleto e com menor renda média mensal foi daqueles de crianças com deficiência visual. A maioria dos cuidadores de crianças com cegueira relatou sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse (respectivamente, 66,7%, 73,3% e 80%), mesmo comportamento observado no grupo de cuidadores de crianças com baixa visão. Na avaliação da relação entre os resultados das escalas MOS-SSS e DASS-21, entre os cuidadores de crianças sem deficiência ou com menor comprometimento visual, observou-se maiores apoios e menores escores de relatos de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Entre os cuidadores de crianças cegas, as maiores prevalências não dependeram dos apoios recebidos. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de uma política de cuidado com mecanismos de proteção à saúde mental dos cuidadores de crianças com deficiência visual.

El objetivo fue identificar los relatos de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés entre cuidadores de niños sin discapacidad visual, con baja visión y con ceguera y su relación con el grado de apoyo social, emocional, material y afectivo. Estudio transversal y multicéntrico realizado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, entre el 2019 y el 2020. Se aplicó un cuestionario para obtener datos sociodemográficos y económicos del cuidador. Se utilizaron la Escala de Apoyo Social (The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale - MOS-SSS) y Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - DASS-21). Al comparar las escalas, se utilizaron pruebas para comparaciones múltiples. Se estimó la razón de prevalencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Del total de cuidadores (N = 355), más del 90% eran mujeres madres y la mayor proporción de cuidadores sin escolaridad o con primaria incompleta y con menor ingreso mensual promedio fueron los de niños con discapacidad visual. La mayoría de los cuidadores de niños con ceguera reportó síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, respectivamente, 66,7%, 73,3% y 80%, mismo comportamiento observado en el grupo de cuidadores de niños con baja visión. Al evaluar la relación entre los resultados de las escalas MOS-SSS y DASS-21, entre los cuidadores de niños sin discapacidad o con menor compromiso visual, se observó mayor apoyo y menores puntajes de relatos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Entre los cuidadores de niños ciegos, la mayor prevalencia de tales relatos no dependió del apoyo recibido. Los resultados indican la necesidad de una Política de Cuidado con mecanismos para proteger la salud mental de los cuidadores de niños con discapacidad visual.

Oropharyngeal colostrum administration in neonates with gastroschisis: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of colostrum therapy on days to start a suckling diet in newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial with newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis at a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro who were randomized to receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2mL of colostrum or a "sham procedure" during the first 3 days of life. The analysis included clinical outcomes such as days without food, days with parenteral feeding, days until the start of enteral feeding, days to reach complete enteral feeding, sepsis and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The onset of oral feeding (suction) in patients with simple gastroschisis in both groups occurred at a median of 15 days. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that there were no significant differences in the use of colostrum therapy and the number of days to the start of enteral feeding and suction diet between groups of newborns with simple gastroschisis.

Use of prophylactic phototherapy for RhD neonatal disease in a referral service

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the effect of prophylactic phototherapy in the treatment of infants with Neonatal Hemolytic Disease. Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with 199 RhD-positive infants, born to RhD-negative mothers, alloimmunized for RhD antigen, between January 2009 and December 2018. Results: The incidence of exchange transfusions in the study population was 9.5%, with a mean maximum bilirubin value of 11.3 mg % (± 4.3mg %). Bilirubin's maximum peak was achieved with a mean of 119.2 life hours (± 70.6h). Conclusions: The low incidence of exchange transfusion, the extended maximum bilirubin peak for later ages, and the low mean of the maximum bilirubin values may indicate a positive effect of prophylactic phototherapy in the treatment of this disease. Further studies must be carried out to confirm these findings.

Use of prophylactic phototherapy for RhD neonatal disease in a referral service.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the effect of prophylactic phototherapy in the treatment of infants with Neonatal Hemolytic Disease. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with 199 RhD-positive infants, born to RhD-negative mothers, alloimmunized for RhD antigen, between January 2009 and December 2018. RESULTS: The incidence of exchange transfusions in the study population was 9.5%, with a mean maximum bilirubin value of 11.3 mg % (± 4.3mg %). Bilirubin's maximum peak was achieved with a mean of 119.2 life hours (± 70.6h). CONCLUSION: The low incidence of exchange transfusion, the extended maximum bilirubin peak for later ages, and the low mean of the maximum bilirubin values may indicate a positive effect of prophylactic phototherapy in the treatment of this disease. Further studies must be carried out to confirm these findings.

Oropharyngeal colostrum administration in neonates with gastroschisis: a randomized clinical trial / Administração orofaríngea de colostro em recém-nascidos com gastrosquise: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of colostrum therapy on days to start a suckling diet in newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis at a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro who were randomized to receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2mL of colostrum or a "sham procedure" during the first 3 days of life. The analysis included clinical outcomes such as days without food, days with parenteral feeding, days until the start of enteral feeding, days to reach complete enteral feeding, sepsis and length of hospital stay. Results: The onset of oral feeding (suction) in patients with simple gastroschisis in both groups occurred at a median of 15 days. Conclusion: The present study showed that there were no significant differences in the use of colostrum therapy and the number of days to the start of enteral feeding and suction diet between groups of newborns with simple gastroschisis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da colostroterapia em dias para iniciar a dieta por sucção em recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de gastrosquise simples. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado com recém-nascidos diagnosticados com gastrosquise simples em um hospital federal no Rio de Janeiro que foram randomizados para receber administração orofaríngea de 0,2mL de colostro ou "procedimento simulado", nos primeiros 3 dias de vida. A análise incluiu desfechos clínicos, como dias sem alimentação, dias com alimentação parenteral, dias para iniciar a alimentação enteral, dias para atingir a alimentação completa, sepse e tempo de internação. Resultados: O início da alimentação por via oral (sucção) na gastrosquise simples, em ambos os grupos, ocorreu com mediana de 15 dias. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que não há diferenças significativas no uso de colostroterapia em dias para início de alimentação enteral e dieta por sucção entre grupos de recém-nascidos com gastrosquise simples.

Depressão, ansiedade, estresse e apoio social: estudo transversal com cuidadores de crianças com deficiência visual no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil - Views-QoL Study / Depression, anxiety, stress, and social support: a cross-sectional study with caregivers of visually impaired children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Views-QoL Study / Depresión, ansiedad, estrés y apoyo social: estudio transversal con cuidadores de niños con discapacidad visual en Río de Janeiro, Brasil - Views-QoL Study

Resumo: O objetivo foi identificar os relatos de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre cuidadores de crianças sem deficiência visual, com baixa visão e com cegueira e sua relação com o grau de apoio social, emocional, material e afetivo. Estudo transversal e multicêntrico, realizado no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2019 e 2020. Aplicou-se um questionário para obter dados sociodemográficos e econômicos do cuidador. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Apoio Social (The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale - MOS-SSS) e a Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - DASS-21). Na comparação entre as escalas, foram utilizados testes para comparações múltiplas. Estimou-se a razão de prevalência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Do total de cuidadores (N = 355), mais de 90% eram mulheres-mães e a maior proporção de cuidadores sem instrução ou Ensino Fundamental incompleto e com menor renda média mensal foi daqueles de crianças com deficiência visual. A maioria dos cuidadores de crianças com cegueira relatou sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse (respectivamente, 66,7%, 73,3% e 80%), mesmo comportamento observado no grupo de cuidadores de crianças com baixa visão. Na avaliação da relação entre os resultados das escalas MOS-SSS e DASS-21, entre os cuidadores de crianças sem deficiência ou com menor comprometimento visual, observou-se maiores apoios e menores escores de relatos de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Entre os cuidadores de crianças cegas, as maiores prevalências não dependeram dos apoios recebidos. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de uma política de cuidado com mecanismos de proteção à saúde mental dos cuidadores de crianças com deficiência visual.

Abstract: We aimed to identify the reports of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of children without visual impairment, with low vision, and with blindness and their relationship with the degree of social, emotional, material, and affective support. This cross-sectional and multicenter study was conducted in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2019 to 2020. A questionnaire was applied to obtain caregivers' sociodemographic and economic data. The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) and The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used. Tests were used for multiple comparisons of these scales. The prevalence ratio of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress was estimated. Of all caregivers (N = 355), more than 90% were women-mothers. Caregivers of children with visual impairment show the highest proportion of no schooling, incomplete elementary education, or lower average monthly income. Most caregivers of children with blindness reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (66.7%, 73.3%, and 80%, respectively) as did those of children with low vision. The evaluation of the relationship between MOS-SSS and DASS-21 results shows greater support and lower scores of reports of depression, anxiety, and stress for caregivers of children without disabilities or with less visual impairment. For caregivers of blind children, the highest prevalence of such reports was independent of the received support. Results indicate the need for a care policy with mechanisms to protect the mental health of caregivers of visually impaired children.

Resumen: El objetivo fue identificar los relatos de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés entre cuidadores de niños sin discapacidad visual, con baja visión y con ceguera y su relación con el grado de apoyo social, emocional, material y afectivo. Estudio transversal y multicéntrico realizado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, entre el 2019 y el 2020. Se aplicó un cuestionario para obtener datos sociodemográficos y económicos del cuidador. Se utilizaron la Escala de Apoyo Social (The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale - MOS-SSS) y Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - DASS-21). Al comparar las escalas, se utilizaron pruebas para comparaciones múltiples. Se estimó la razón de prevalencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Del total de cuidadores (N = 355), más del 90% eran mujeres madres y la mayor proporción de cuidadores sin escolaridad o con primaria incompleta y con menor ingreso mensual promedio fueron los de niños con discapacidad visual. La mayoría de los cuidadores de niños con ceguera reportó síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, respectivamente, 66,7%, 73,3% y 80%, mismo comportamiento observado en el grupo de cuidadores de niños con baja visión. Al evaluar la relación entre los resultados de las escalas MOS-SSS y DASS-21, entre los cuidadores de niños sin discapacidad o con menor compromiso visual, se observó mayor apoyo y menores puntajes de relatos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Entre los cuidadores de niños ciegos, la mayor prevalencia de tales relatos no dependió del apoyo recibido. Los resultados indican la necesidad de una Política de Cuidado con mecanismos para proteger la salud mental de los cuidadores de niños con discapacidad visual.

Factors associated with infant formula supplementation in Brazilian hospitals: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with infant formula supplementation in newborns referred to rooming-in in Brazilian hospitals. Method Cross-sectional study with data from 14,531 postpartum women and newborns obtained from the "Birth in Brazil" survey, conducted in 2011-2012. The analysis used a logistic regression model with a hierarchical approach. Results In total, 21.2% newborns received infant formula during hospital stay. After adjustment, the following factors were associated with the use of infant formula: maternal age ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.51; IC95%:1.30-1.75), prenatal care in a private service (OR = 2,22; IC:1.72-2.85)/public and private service (OR = 1.67; IC:1.24-2.23), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.83; IC:1.41-2.38), multiple pregnancy (OR = 3.786; IC:2.02-7.06), non-breastfeeding in the delivery room (OR = 1.780; IC:1.43-2.21), birth in a private hospital (OR = 1.695; IC:1.02-2.79), prematurity (OR = 1.656; IC:1.32-2.06) and extremes of birth weight (< 2.500 g: OR = 2.084; IC: 1.585-2.741/ ≥4,000g: OR = 1.672; IC:1.31-2.11). Teenage age (OR = 0.651; IC:0.55-0.76), low maternal education (OR = 0.579; IC:0.43-0.77), multiparity (OR = 0.588; IC:0.510-0.678), and lower economic class (OR = 0.565; IC:0.41-0.76) significantly reduced the probability of using infant formula. Conclusions Of the associated factors, the authors highlight cesarean delivery and non-breastfeeding in the delivery room, showing that it is necessary to strengthen policies that encourage good practices during childbirth care in order to promote exclusive breastfeeding and protect mothers and newborns from all social classes against the misuse of infant formula.

Assessment of the completeness of filling the pregnant woman's card from the Ministry of Health: a national, cross-sectional study. / Avaliação da completitude de preenchimento do cartão da gestante do Ministério da Saúde: estudo seccional, de âmbito nacional.

This article aims to evaluate the completeness of the pregnant woman's card filling according to a model standardized by the Ministry of Health. Hospital based, nationwide, cross-sectional study conducted between 2011 and 2012, evaluated data from pregnant women's cards. Variables related to personal, obstetric history and current pregnancy data were used to assess completeness. We used the Kotelchuck index for quantitative evaluation. We analysed 6,577 cards, equivalent to 39% of the cards presented at the time of delivery. The mean completeness was overall "bad" in Brazil and macro-regions, except in the Southern region. Nationwide, the mean completion was "regular" for personal antecedents, "good" for obstetric history, and "bad" for fields related to the current pregnancy. Prenatal care was adequate for 58% of pregnant women. We observed a reduced use of the card recommended by the Ministry of Health and failures in the completeness of filling valuable information of the pregnant woman's card, related to the current pregnancy.

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a completitude de preenchimento do cartão da gestante segundo modelo padronizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estudo seccional de âmbito nacional, base hospitalar, realizado entre 2011 e 2012, que avaliou dados de cartões da gestante. Para avaliação da completitude sob aspecto qualitativo foram utilizadas variáveis relativas a antecedentes pessoais, obstétricos e dados da gestação atual. Para avaliação sob aspecto quantitativo foi utilizado o índice de Kotelchuck. Analisados 6.577 cartões, correspondendo a 39% dos cartões apresentados no momento do parto. A média de completitude foi "ruim" no Brasil e macrorregiões, exceto na região Sul. No Brasil, a média de preenchimento foi "regular" para os antecedentes pessoais, "bom" nos antecedentes obstétricos, e "ruim" nos campos referentes à gestação atual. A assistência pré-natal foi adequada à 58% das gestantes. Foi observada reduzida utilização do modelo de cartão preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e falhas no preenchimento do cartão da gestante de informações importantes, relacionadas principalmente à gestação atual.

Portable wide-field digital imaging for screening of neonatal visual impairment causes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a budget impact analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the budget impact of portable wide-field digital imaging incorporation on screening neonatal causes of childhood blindness and visual impairment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DESIGN: Budget impact analysis. SETTING: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the direct cost of indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy, red reflex test and portable wide-field digital image screening comprising all babies born in Rio de Janeiro's government maternity wards. The secondary outcome was the budget impact of implementing portable wide-field digital image screening in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: Considering 100% coverage of maternity wards, the total budget impact between 2020 and 2024 would be US$3 820 706.04, ranging from US$3 139 844.34 to US$6 099 510.35. The additional cost would be US$3 124 457.28, ranging from US$2 714 492.26 to US$4 880 608.63. CONCLUSION: The cost of universal digital imaging screening corresponds to less than 1% of the government health budget of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The information provided in this study may help government decision-makers evaluate the feasibility of implementing this new strategy in the municipal setting. Further health economic evaluations should be performed to verify the affordability of the implementation of this screening strategy in the Brazilian scenario, taking into account scarce human resources.

Factors associated with the adequacy of gestational weight gain among Brazilian teenagers. / Fatores associados à adequação do ganho de peso gestacional de adolescentes brasileiras.

The scope of this article is to evaluate the adequacy of total gestational weight gain (GWG) according to maternal characteristics of Brazilian adolescents. It involved a cross-sectional, hospital-based study. A total of 3,904 teenagers with a single fetus gestation and gestational age (GA) at birth ≥ 37 weeks were included. A hierarchical model was built to analyze the dependent and independent variables adequacy of GWG: sociodemographic, care, obstetric and behavioral characteristics. The chances of insufficient GWG were higher for adolescents from the North (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.07-2.10) and Northeast (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.27-2.21). Paid work increased the chances of insufficient (95%CI: 1.15-2.39) and excessive (95%CI: 1.01-1.86) GWG. The pre-pregnancy body mass index of overweight or obese adolescents was associated with excessive GWG (OR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.19-2.92 and OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 2.10-4.45, respectively), as well as GA ≥ 42 weeks (OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.03-4.81). Living in the North and Northeast regions increases the chances of adolescents having insufficient GWG. Having paid work was associated with a greater chance of excessive and insufficient GWG. Furthermore, pre-pregnancy excess weight or obesity and GA ≥ 42 weeks increased the chances of excessive GWG.

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a adequação do ganho de peso gestacional total (GPT) segundo características maternas de adolescentes brasileiras. Estudo transversal e de base hospitalar. Foram incluídos 3.904 adolescentes com gestação de feto único e idade gestacional (IG) ao nascimento ≥ 37 semanas. Foi construído um modelo hierarquizado para analisar as variáveis dependentes e a adequação do GPT e das independentes: características sociodemográficas, assistenciais, obstétricas e comportamentais. As chances de GPT insuficiente foram maiores para as adolescentes do Norte (OR = 1,50; IC95%: 1,07-2,10) e Nordeste (OR = 1,68; IC95%: 1,27-2,21). O trabalho remunerado elevou as chances de GPT insuficiente (IC95%: 1,15-2,39) e excessivo (IC95%: 1,01-1,86). O índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional de sobrepeso ou obesidade associou-se ao GPT excessivo (OR = 1,86; IC95%: 1,19-2,92 e OR = 3,06; IC95%: 2,10-4,45, respectivamente), bem como a IG ≥ 42 semanas (OR = 2,23; IC95%: 1,03-4,81). Residir nas regiões Norte e Nordeste aumentou as chances de as adolescentes apresentarem GPT insuficiente. Exercer trabalho remunerado esteve associado a maior chance de GPT excessivo e insuficiente. Além disso, o sobrepeso ou obesidade pré-gestacional e IG ≥ 42 semanas ampliaram as chances de GPT excessivo.

Avaliação da completitude de preenchimento do cartão da gestante do Ministério da Saúde: estudo seccional, de âmbito nacional / Assessment of the completeness of filling the pregnant woman's card from the Ministry of Health: a national, cross-sectional study

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a completitude de preenchimento do cartão da gestante segundo modelo padronizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estudo seccional de âmbito nacional, base hospitalar, realizado entre 2011 e 2012, que avaliou dados de cartões da gestante. Para avaliação da completitude sob aspecto qualitativo foram utilizadas variáveis relativas a antecedentes pessoais, obstétricos e dados da gestação atual. Para avaliação sob aspecto quantitativo foi utilizado o índice de Kotelchuck. Analisados 6.577 cartões, correspondendo a 39% dos cartões apresentados no momento do parto. A média de completitude foi "ruim" no Brasil e macrorregiões, exceto na região Sul. No Brasil, a média de preenchimento foi "regular" para os antecedentes pessoais, "bom" nos antecedentes obstétricos, e "ruim" nos campos referentes à gestação atual. A assistência pré-natal foi adequada à 58% das gestantes. Foi observada reduzida utilização do modelo de cartão preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e falhas no preenchimento do cartão da gestante de informações importantes, relacionadas principalmente à gestação atual.

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the completeness of the pregnant woman's card filling according to a model standardized by the Ministry of Health. Hospital based, nationwide, cross-sectional study conducted between 2011 and 2012, evaluated data from pregnant women's cards. Variables related to personal, obstetric history and current pregnancy data were used to assess completeness. We used the Kotelchuck index for quantitative evaluation. We analysed 6,577 cards, equivalent to 39% of the cards presented at the time of delivery. The mean completeness was overall "bad" in Brazil and macro-regions, except in the Southern region. Nationwide, the mean completion was "regular" for personal antecedents, "good" for obstetric history, and "bad" for fields related to the current pregnancy. Prenatal care was adequate for 58% of pregnant women. We observed a reduced use of the card recommended by the Ministry of Health and failures in the completeness of filling valuable information of the pregnant woman's card, related to the current pregnancy.

Factors associated with infant formula supplementation in Brazilian hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with infant formula supplementation in newborns referred to rooming-in in Brazilian hospitals. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with data from 14,531 postpartum women and newborns obtained from the "Birth in Brazil" survey, conducted in 2011-2012. The analysis used a logistic regression model with a hierarchical approach. RESULTS: In total, 21.2% newborns received infant formula during hospital stay. After adjustment, the following factors were associated with the use of infant formula: maternal age ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.51; IC95%:1.30-1.75), prenatal care in a private service (OR = 2,22; IC:1.72-2.85)/public and private service (OR = 1.67; IC:1.24-2.23), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.83; IC:1.41-2.38), multiple pregnancy (OR = 3.786; IC:2.02-7.06), non-breastfeeding in the delivery room (OR = 1.780; IC:1.43-2.21), birth in a private hospital (OR = 1.695; IC:1.02-2.79), prematurity (OR = 1.656; IC:1.32-2.06) and extremes of birth weight (< 2.500 g: OR = 2.084; IC: 1.585-2.741/ ≥4,000g: OR = 1.672; IC:1.31-2.11). Teenage age (OR = 0.651; IC:0.55-0.76), low maternal education (OR = 0.579; IC:0.43-0.77), multiparity (OR = 0.588; IC:0.510-0.678), and lower economic class (OR = 0.565; IC:0.41-0.76) significantly reduced the probability of using infant formula. CONCLUSIONS: Of the associated factors, the authors highlight cesarean delivery and non-breastfeeding in the delivery room, showing that it is necessary to strengthen policies that encourage good practices during childbirth care in order to promote exclusive breastfeeding and protect mothers and newborns from all social classes against the misuse of infant formula.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and social inequalities in different subgroups of healthcare workers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has exacerbated health inequalities worldwide. Yet, such a perspective has not been investigated in specific healthcare workers and their resulting inclusion as a priority group for vaccination have been an important focus of political and social discussion. This study aimed at investigating whether SARS-CoV-2-seropositivity in healthcare workers in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was influenced by social determinants of health and the social vulnerability in subgroups of workers. METHODS: A serological survey was conducted in 1,154 healthcare workers in June and July 2020. The association between the serological test results for detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and socioeconomic, occupational characteristics and transportation used by the workers to commute was assessed using the Pearson´s chi-square test and Cramer's V. FINDINGS: Overall, the serum prevalence for the virus in the healthcare workers was 30% (342/1141). Non-white workers (208/561) with lower income (169/396) and schooling (150/353), as well as users of the mass transportation system (157/246) showed the highest infection rates. Importantly they mostly corresponded to hospital support workers (131/324), in particular the cleaning personnel (42/70). Accordingly, income, schooling and work modality appeared as negative predictors, as ascertained by forest plot analysis. INTERPRETATIONS: The data clearly illustrate the inequality in SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Brazilian population, comprising even healthcare workers of the Brazilian unified health system.

Estresse, qualidade de vida e copingem enfermeiros atuantes em uma unidade neonatal / Stress, quality of life and coping in nurses working in a neonatal unit / Estrés, calidad de vida y mecanismo de supervivenciaen enfermeros que trabajan en una unidad neonatal

Objetivo: Avaliar o estresse, qualidade de vida e relacionar com estratégias de enfrentamento em enfermeiros atuantes na unidade neonatal. Metodologia: estudo transversal do tipo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, no período de junho a novembro de 2020 na UTI Neonatal de uma instituiçãode Saúde no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes do estudo foram 17 enfermeiros plantonistas possuindo vínculo de trabalho que responderam três (3) questionários: Escala Bianchi de Stress ­EBS, World Health Organization Quality of Life -WHOQOL-bref e Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus. Resultados: De acordo com a classificação do estresse, todos os domínios apresentaram maior frequência de enfermeiros com nível de estresse médio. Os domínios C (atividades relacionadas à administração de pessoal), E (coordenação das atividades da unidade) e F (condições de trabalho para desempenho das atividades) também apresentaram enfermeiros com nível alto de estresse. O domínio F apresentou um percentual de 100% de respondentes classificando como estressor ­Entre os itens deste domínio, predominou o nível de ruído na unidade (29,8%) seguido de realizar tarefas com tempo mínimo disponível (29,6%) e o ambiente físico da unidade (27,9%). Quando perguntadas sobre como avaliariam a sua qualidade de vida, 52,9% das respondentes classificaram como boa. Somente 5,9% responderam como ruim.Conclusão: Os profissionais enfermeiros do estudo apresentam níveis médios e altos de estresse, entretanto, nãoafetaa qualidade de vida dos mesmos. Provavelmente porque diante do estresse a estratégia mais utilizada é a de fuga/esquiva.

Objective: To evaluate stress, quality of life and relate it to coping strategies in nurses working in the neonatal unit. Methodology: cross-sectional descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, from June to November 2020 in the neonatalICU of a Health institution in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The study participants were 17 nurses on duty with employment contract who answered three (3) questionnaires: Bianchi Stress Scale -EBS, World Health Organization Quality of Life -WHOQOL-bref and Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Inventory. Results: According to the stress classification, all domains had a higher frequency of nurses with medium stress level. Domains C (activities related to personnel administration), E (coordination of unit activities) and F (working conditions to perform activities) also presented nurses with a high level of stress. Domain F had a percentage of 100% of respondents classifying it as a stressor -Among the items in this domain, the noise level in the unit predominated (29.8%), followed by performing tasks with minimum available time (29.6%) and physical environment of the unit (27.9%). When asked how they would assess their quality of life, 52.9% of respondents rated it as good. Only 5.9% responded as bad. Conclusion: The study nurses have medium and high levels of stress, however, not affect their quality of life. Probably due to in the face of stress, the most used strategy is escape/avoidance.

Objetivo: Evaluar el estrés, la calidad de vida y relacionarlo con las estrategias de afrontamiento en enfermeros que actúan en la unidad neonatal. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, de junio a noviembre de 2020 en la UTI Neonatal de una institución de salud del estado de Río de Janeiro. Los participantes del estudio fueron 17 enfermeros en turno que respondieron tres cuestionarios: Bianchi Stress Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life y Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Inventory. Resultados: De acuerdo con la clasificación del estrés, todos los dominios presentaron mayor frecuencia de enfermeros con nivel de estrés medio. Los dominios C (actividades relacionadas con la administración del personal), E (coordinación de las actividades de la unidad) y F (condiciones de trabajo para el desempeño de las actividades) también presentaron a los enfermeros con alto nivel de estrés. El dominio F presentó un porcentaje del 100% de los encuestados clasificándolo como estresor -Entre los ítems de este dominio, predominó el nivel de ruido en la unidad (29,8%), seguido de la realización de tareas con mínimo tiempo disponible (29,6%) y el ambiente físico de la unidad (27,9%). Cuando se les preguntó cómo calificarían su calidad de vida, el 52,9% de los encuestados la clasificó como buena. Solo el 5,9% respondió como malo. Conclusión: Los profesionales de enfermería del estudio presentan niveles medios y altos de estrés, sin embargo, no afecta su calidad de vida. Probablemente porque ante el estrés la estrategia más utilizada es la de escape/evitación.

Fatores associados à adequação do ganho de peso gestacional de adolescentes brasileiras / Factors associated with the adequacy of gestational weight gain among Brazilian teenagers

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a adequação do ganho de peso gestacional total (GPT) segundo características maternas de adolescentes brasileiras. Estudo transversal e de base hospitalar. Foram incluídos 3.904 adolescentes com gestação de feto único e idade gestacional (IG) ao nascimento ≥ 37 semanas. Foi construído um modelo hierarquizado para analisar as variáveis dependentes e a adequação do GPT e das independentes: características sociodemográficas, assistenciais, obstétricas e comportamentais. As chances de GPT insuficiente foram maiores para as adolescentes do Norte (OR = 1,50; IC95%: 1,07-2,10) e Nordeste (OR = 1,68; IC95%: 1,27-2,21). O trabalho remunerado elevou as chances de GPT insuficiente (IC95%: 1,15-2,39) e excessivo (IC95%: 1,01-1,86). O índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional de sobrepeso ou obesidade associou-se ao GPT excessivo (OR = 1,86; IC95%: 1,19-2,92 e OR = 3,06; IC95%: 2,10-4,45, respectivamente), bem como a IG ≥ 42 semanas (OR = 2,23; IC95%: 1,03-4,81). Residir nas regiões Norte e Nordeste aumentou as chances de as adolescentes apresentarem GPT insuficiente. Exercer trabalho remunerado esteve associado a maior chance de GPT excessivo e insuficiente. Além disso, o sobrepeso ou obesidade pré-gestacional e IG ≥ 42 semanas ampliaram as chances de GPT excessivo.

Abstract The scope of this article is to evaluate the adequacy of total gestational weight gain (GWG) according to maternal characteristics of Brazilian adolescents. It involved a cross-sectional, hospital-based study. A total of 3,904 teenagers with a single fetus gestation and gestational age (GA) at birth ≥ 37 weeks were included. A hierarchical model was built to analyze the dependent and independent variables adequacy of GWG: sociodemographic, care, obstetric and behavioral characteristics. The chances of insufficient GWG were higher for adolescents from the North (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.07-2.10) and Northeast (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.27-2.21). Paid work increased the chances of insufficient (95%CI: 1.15-2.39) and excessive (95%CI: 1.01-1.86) GWG. The pre-pregnancy body mass index of overweight or obese adolescents was associated with excessive GWG (OR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.19-2.92 and OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 2.10-4.45, respectively), as well as GA ≥ 42 weeks (OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.03-4.81). Living in the North and Northeast regions increases the chances of adolescents having insufficient GWG. Having paid work was associated with a greater chance of excessive and insufficient GWG. Furthermore, pre-pregnancy excess weight or obesity and GA ≥ 42 weeks increased the chances of excessive GWG.

Negative histology in cervical specimens obtained with the "see and treat" method among women at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: According to the Brazilian Guidelines on Cervical Cancer Screening, women with cytopathologic diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial lesion, abnormal colposcopic findings, fully visible squamocolumnar junction and age 25 years or older should be treated at the first visit ("see and treat-S&T"). The main limitation to this approach is the risk of overtreatment, identified by histology without preinvasive lesion. The objectives of this study were to identify the overtreatment rate in women undergoing S&T in cervical cancer prevention at a referral center with extensive experience with the method and to detect possible factors associated with this rate. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed records from a database with 616 women submitted to S&T from 1996 to 2017. Negative histology was defined as the following histopathologic results: human papillomavirus without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), inflammatory, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and CIN 1. RESULTS: Of the 616 women, there were 52 (8.44%, 95%CI 6.25-10.64%) with a histopathologic report without preinvasive cervical lesion. No statistical association was found between this outcome and age or a significant downward trend over time. CONCLUSION: The overtreatment rate in this study can be considered low and consistent with the acceptable rates reported in the literature, reinforcing the prevailing Brazilian guideline, in which the benefits of immediate treatment outweigh the risk of losses following biopsy.

[Catastrophic expenditure on congenital Zika syndrome: results of a cross-sectional study of caregivers of children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. / Gasto catastrófico na síndrome congênita do vírus Zika: resultados de um estudo transversal com cuidadores de crianças no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

In 2015, there was an increase in cases of congenital malformations in newborns in Brazil, associated with maternal Zika virus infection, having serious social and economic repercussions for the families. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of catastrophic expenditure by families of children with severe or mild/moderate congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in comparison to families of children without a diagnosis of CZS in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Catastrophic expenditure occurs when spending exceeds a given proportion of the family income due to a disease. Family caregivers of children with severe CZS were younger and had less schooling and lower income. Prevalence of catastrophic expenditure was higher in families of children with CZS. Among caregivers of children with severe CZS, the prevalence of catastrophic expenditure was higher in those with severe or very severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Low social support among caregivers was also a determinant factor for increased prevalence of catastrophic expenditure. The burden on caregivers of children with severe CZS exacerbates a situation of vulnerability that requires the expansion of mechanisms for financial and social protection, through linkage of various policies capable of effectively reaching this group.

Em 2015, houve um aumento de casos de más-formações congênitas entre recém-nascidos no Brasil associado ao vírus Zika, com repercussões sociais e econômicas para as famílias. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de gasto catastrófico para famílias de crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika (SCZ) grave, leve/moderada em comparação com famílias de crianças sem diagnóstico de SCZ, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O termo gasto catastrófico ocorre quando o gasto excede determinada proporção da renda da família devido à doença. Os cuidadores de crianças com SCZ grave eram mais jovens, com menor escolaridade e renda. A prevalência de gasto catastrófico foi maior em famílias de crianças com SCZ. Dentre os cuidadores de crianças com SCZ grave, identificou-se que a prevalência de gasto catastrófico foi mais elevada entre aqueles que apresentaram graus de depressão, ansiedade e estresse graves ou muito graves. O baixo apoio social entre os cuidadores também foi determinante para o aumento da prevalência do gasto. A carga que incide sobre os cuidadores de crianças com SCZ grave potencializa uma situação de vulnerabilidade que demanda a amplificação do acesso aos mecanismos de proteção financeira e social, através da articulação de diferentes políticas que sejam capazes de alcançar efetivamente esse grupo.

En 2015, hubo un aumento de casos de malformaciones congénitas entre recién nacidos en Brasil, asociado al virus zika con repercusiones sociales y económicas para las familias. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de gasto catastrófico para las familias de niños con síndrome congénito del virus Zika (SCZ) grave, leve/moderado, en comparación con familias de niños sin diagnóstico de SCZ, en el estado de Río de Janeiro. El término gasto catastrófico se usa cuando el gasto excede una determinada proporción de la renta de la familia, debido a la enfermedad. Los cuidadores de niños con SCZ grave eran más jóvenes, con menor escolaridad y renta. La prevalencia de gasto catastrófico fue mayor en familias de niños con SCZ. Entre los cuidadores de niños con SCZ grave se identificó que la prevalencia de gasto catastrófico fue más elevada entre aquellos que presentaron grados de depresión, ansiedad y estrés grave o muy grave. El bajo apoyo social entre los cuidadores también fue determinante para el aumento de la prevalencia del gasto. La carga que incide sobre los cuidadores de niños con SCZ grave potencia una situación de vulnerabilidad que demanda la ampliación del acceso a los mecanismos de protección financiera y social, a través de la coordinación de diferentes políticas que sean capaces de alcanzar efectivamente a ese grupo.

Gasto catastrófico na síndrome congênita do vírus Zika: resultados de um estudo transversal com cuidadores de crianças no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Catastrophic expenditure on congenital Zika syndrome: results of a cross-sectional study of caregivers of children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Gasto catastrófico en el síndrome congénito del virus Zika: resultados de un estudio transversal con cuidadores de niños en Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Em 2015, houve um aumento de casos de más-formações congênitas entre recém-nascidos no Brasil associado ao vírus Zika, com repercussões sociais e econômicas para as famílias. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de gasto catastrófico para famílias de crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika (SCZ) grave, leve/moderada em comparação com famílias de crianças sem diagnóstico de SCZ, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O termo gasto catastrófico ocorre quando o gasto excede determinada proporção da renda da família devido à doença. Os cuidadores de crianças com SCZ grave eram mais jovens, com menor escolaridade e renda. A prevalência de gasto catastrófico foi maior em famílias de crianças com SCZ. Dentre os cuidadores de crianças com SCZ grave, identificou-se que a prevalência de gasto catastrófico foi mais elevada entre aqueles que apresentaram graus de depressão, ansiedade e estresse graves ou muito graves. O baixo apoio social entre os cuidadores também foi determinante para o aumento da prevalência do gasto. A carga que incide sobre os cuidadores de crianças com SCZ grave potencializa uma situação de vulnerabilidade que demanda a amplificação do acesso aos mecanismos de proteção financeira e social, através da articulação de diferentes políticas que sejam capazes de alcançar efetivamente esse grupo.

In 2015, there was an increase in cases of congenital malformations in newborns in Brazil, associated with maternal Zika virus infection, having serious social and economic repercussions for the families. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of catastrophic expenditure by families of children with severe or mild/moderate congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in comparison to families of children without a diagnosis of CZS in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Catastrophic expenditure occurs when spending exceeds a given proportion of the family income due to a disease. Family caregivers of children with severe CZS were younger and had less schooling and lower income. Prevalence of catastrophic expenditure was higher in families of children with CZS. Among caregivers of children with severe CZS, the prevalence of catastrophic expenditure was higher in those with severe or very severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Low social support among caregivers was also a determinant factor for increased prevalence of catastrophic expenditure. The burden on caregivers of children with severe CZS exacerbates a situation of vulnerability that requires the expansion of mechanisms for financial and social protection, through linkage of various policies capable of effectively reaching this group.

En 2015, hubo un aumento de casos de malformaciones congénitas entre recién nacidos en Brasil, asociado al virus zika con repercusiones sociales y económicas para las familias. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de gasto catastrófico para las familias de niños con síndrome congénito del virus Zika (SCZ) grave, leve/moderado, en comparación con familias de niños sin diagnóstico de SCZ, en el estado de Río de Janeiro. El término gasto catastrófico se usa cuando el gasto excede una determinada proporción de la renta de la familia, debido a la enfermedad. Los cuidadores de niños con SCZ grave eran más jóvenes, con menor escolaridad y renta. La prevalencia de gasto catastrófico fue mayor en familias de niños con SCZ. Entre los cuidadores de niños con SCZ grave se identificó que la prevalencia de gasto catastrófico fue más elevada entre aquellos que presentaron grados de depresión, ansiedad y estrés grave o muy grave. El bajo apoyo social entre los cuidadores también fue determinante para el aumento de la prevalencia del gasto. La carga que incide sobre los cuidadores de niños con SCZ grave potencia una situación de vulnerabilidad que demanda la ampliación del acceso a los mecanismos de protección financiera y social, a través de la coordinación de diferentes políticas que sean capaces de alcanzar efectivamente a ese grupo.