The vaccination changed the profile of rotavirus infection with the increase of non-rotavirus A species diagnosis in one-week-old diarrheic piglets.

Porcine rotavirus (RV) is a major viral agent associated with severe diarrhea in newborn piglets. RVA, RVB, RVC, and RVH are RV species that have already been identified in pigs. RVA is considered the most prevalent and relevant virus in pig production worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of RV infection associated with diarrhea in suckling piglets from regular RVA-vaccinated Brazilian pig herds between 2015 and 2021. Therefore, 511 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from suckling piglets aged up to 3 weeks from 112 pig farms located in three main Brazilian pork production regions. All piglets were born to RVA-vaccinated sows. The nucleic acids of RVA, RVC, and RVH were investigated by RT-PCR assays and RVB by semi-nested RT-PCR assay. Of the diarrheic fecal samples analyzed, 221/511 (43.3%) were positive for at least one of the RV species. Regarding the distribution of RV species among the positive fecal samples that presented with only one RV species, 99 (44.8%), 63 (28.5%), and 45 (20.4%) were identified as RVB, RVC, and RVA, respectively. RVH was not identified in diarrheic piglets with a single infection. More than one RV species was identified in 14/221 (6.3%) of the diarrheic fecal samples evaluated. Co-detection of RVB + RVH (11/221; 5.0%), RVA + RVB (1/221; 0.4%), RVA + RVC (1/221; 0.4%), and RVB + RVC (1/221; 0.4%) was identified in fecal samples. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the RVC and, mainly, RVB detection rates in single infections. This study allowed us to characterize the importance of other RV species, in addition to RVA, in the etiology of neonatal diarrhea in piglets from pig herds with a regular vaccination program for RVA diarrhea control and prophylaxis.

Influence of maturation and roasting on the quality and chemical composition of new conilon coffee cultivar by chemometrics.

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Espírito Santo is the largest Brazilian producer of conilon coffee, and invested in the creation of new cultivars, such as "Conquista ES8152", launched in 2019. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of maturation and roasting on the chemical and sensorial composition of the new conilon coffee cultivar "Conquista ES8152". The coffee was harvested containing 3 different percentages of ripe fruits: 60%, 80%, and 100%, and roasted at 3 different degrees of roasting: light, medium, and dark, to evaluate the moisture and ash content, yield of soluble extract, volatile compound profile, chlorogenic acid and caffeine content, and sensory profile. "Conquista ES8152" coffee has a moisture content between 1.38 and 2.62%; ash between 4.34 and 4.72%; and yield between 30.7 and 35.8%. Sensory scores ranged between 75 and 80 and the majority of volatile compounds belong to the pyrazine, phenol, furan, and pyrrole groups. The content of total chlorogenic acids was drastically reduced by roasting, with values between 2.40 and 9.33%, with 3-caffeoylquinic acid being the majority. Caffeine was not influenced by either maturation or roasting, with values between 2.16 and 2.41%. The volatile compounds furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine were positively correlated with the evaluated sensory attributes and 5-methylfurfural was the only one significantly correlated with all attributes. Ethylpyrazine, furfuryl acetate, 1-furfurylpyrrole, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, and difurfuryl ether were negatively correlated. The stripping did not affect the quality and composition of this new cultivar, however, the roasting caused changes in both the chemical and sensorial profiles, appropriately indicated by the principal component analysis.

Serological profile of respiratory viruses in unvaccinated steers upon their arrival at Brazilian feedlot facilities.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3) are involved in bovine respiratory disease. These viruses can infect the respiratory system and cause considerable economic losses to beef and dairy cattle herds. This study aimed to determine the serological profiles of steers for BVDV, BoAHV1, BRSV, and BPIV-3 upon their arrival at Brazilian feedlot facilities. A total of 1,282 serum samples from unvaccinated steers were obtained on the first day of feeding. Samples were collected from 31 beef cattle herds reared in an extensive rearing system in six Brazilian states. Antibodies against BVDV, BoAHV1, BRSV, and BPIV-3 were detected using a virus neutralization test. The steers were distributed in agreement with their age and the Brazilian state of origin. The highest seropositivity was for BoAHV1 and BPIV-3 at 92.1% (1,154/1,253) and 86.6% (1,100/1,270), respectively. The seropositivity of BRSV was 77.1% (959/1,244). BVDV presented a lower rate, at slightly more than 50% (51.8%; 656/1,266). Age was a risk factor for the presence of antibodies against BVDV, BoAHV1, and BPIV-3 but not BRSV. A positive correlation was identified between BoAHV1 and BPIV-3 (P = 0.85) and between BRSV and BPIV-3 (P = 0.47). The high rate of seropositive steers for these four respiratory viruses on the first day of confinement identified in this serological survey provides important epidemiological information on respiratory infections, as the seropositivity of the four main bovine respiratory viruses in Brazilian beef cattle herds in an extensive rearing system.

Brazilian Amazon Red Propolis: Leishmanicidal Activity and Chemical Composition of a New Variety of Red Propolis.

Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, and its treatment is highly toxic, leading to treatment discontinuation and the emergence of resistant strains. In this study, we assessed the leishmanicidal activity and chemical composition of red propolis collected from the Amazon-dominated region of northern Tocantins State, Brazil. The MTT assay was employed to determine the samples' activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and their cytotoxicity against RAW macrophages. Spectrophotometric assays were utilised to measure the concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids, while high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the chemical composition. An in silico study was conducted to evaluate which compounds from Brazilian Amazon red propolis may correlate with this biological activity. Brazilian Amazon red propolis exhibited a high concentration of phenolic compounds and an inhibitory activity against L. amazonensis, with an IC50 ranging from 23.37 to 36.10 µg/mL. Moreover, fractionation of the propolis yielded a fraction with enhanced bioactivity (16.11 µg/mL). Interestingly, neither the propolis nor its most active fraction showed cytotoxicity towards macrophages at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. The red colour and the presence of isoflavonoid components (isoflavones, isoflavans, and pterocarpans) confirm that the substance is Brazilian red propolis. However, the absence of polyprenylated benzophenones suggests that this is a new variety of Brazilian red propolis. The in silico study performed with two of the main leishmanicidal drug targets using all compounds identified in Amazon red propolis reported that liquiritigenin was the compound that exhibited the best electronic interaction parameters, which was confirmed in an assay with promastigotes using a standard. The findings indicate that Amazon red propolis possesses leishmanicidal activity, low toxicity, and significant biotechnological potential.

Simulation of breast lesions based upon fractal Perlin noise.

PURPOSE: Steadily increasing use of computational/virtual phantoms in medical physics has motivated expanding development of new simulation methods and data representations for modelling human anatomy. This has emphasized the need for increased realism, user control, and availability. In breast cancer research, virtual phantoms have gained an important role in evaluating and optimizing imaging systems. For this paper, we have developed an algorithm to model breast abnormalities based on fractal Perlin noise. We demonstrate and characterize the extension of this approach to simulate breast lesions of various sizes, shapes, and complexity. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Recently, we developed an algorithm for simulating the 3D arrangement of breast anatomy based on Perlin noise. In this paper, we have expanded the method to also model soft tissue breast lesions. We simulated lesions within the size range of clinically representative breast lesions (masses, 5-20 mm in size). Simulated lesions were blended into simulated breast tissue backgrounds and visualized as virtual digital mammography images. The lesions were evaluated by observers following the BI-RADS assessment criteria. RESULTS: Observers categorized the lesions as round, oval or irregular, with circumscribed, microlobulated, indistinct or obscured margins. The majority of the simulated lesions were considered by the observers to have a realism score of moderate to well. The simulation method provides almost real-time lesion generation (average time and standard deviation: 1.4 ± 1.0 s). CONCLUSION: We presented a novel algorithm for computer simulation of breast lesions using Perlin noise. The algorithm enables efficient simulation of lesions, with different sizes and appearances.

Ligand-Independent Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Attenuation of Glutamine Levels by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) are emerging sustainable alternatives to conventional organic solvents. Beyond their role as laboratory solvents, NADESs are increasingly explored in drug delivery and as therapeutics. Their increasing applications notwithstanding, our understanding of how they interact with biomolecules at multiple levels - metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome - within human cell remain poor. Here, we deploy integrated metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics to probe how NADESs perturb the molecular landscape of human cells. In a human cell line model, we found that an archetypal NADES derived from choline and geranic acid (CAGE) significantly altered the metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome. CAGE upregulated indole-3-lactic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid levels, resulting in ligand-independent activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor to signal the transcription of genes with implications for inflammation, immunomodulation, cell development, and chemical detoxification. Further, treating the cell line with CAGE downregulated glutamine biosynthesis, a nutrient rapidly proliferating cancer cells require. CAGE's ability to attenuate glutamine levels is potentially relevant for cancer treatment. These findings suggest that NADESs, even when derived from natural components like choline, can indirectly modulate cell biology at multiple levels, expanding their applications beyond chemistry to biomedicine and biotechnology.

Effects of a Peptide Derived from the Primary Sequence of a Kallikrein Inhibitor Isolated from Bauhinia bauhinioides (pep-BbKI) in an Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO) Model.

(1) There are several patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). A peptide derived from the primary sequence of a kallikrein inhibitor isolated from Bauhinia bauhinioides (pep-BbKI) has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Purpose: To investigate the effects of pep-BbKI treatment in an ACO model and compare them with those of corticosteroids. (2) BALB/c mice were divided into groups: SAL (saline), OVA (ovalbumin), ELA (elastase), ACO (ovalbumin + elastase), ACO-pep-BbKI (treated with inhibitor), ACO-DX (dexamethasone treatment), ACO-DX-pep-BbKI (both treatments), and SAL-pep-BbKI (saline group treated with inhibitor). We evaluated: hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MMP-9, MMP-12, TGF-ß, collagen fibers, iNOS, eNO, linear mean intercept (Lm), and NF-κB in airways (AW) and alveolar septa (AS). (3) ACO-pep-BbKI reversed ACO alterations and was similar to SAL in all mechanical parameters, Lm, neutrophils, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MMP-12 (AW), collagen fibers, iNOS (AW), and eNO (p > 0.05). ACO-DX reversed ACO alterations and was similar to SAL in all mechanical parameters, Lm, total cells and differentials, IL-1ß(AS), IL-5 (AS), IL-6 (AS), IL-10 (AS), IL-13 (AS), IFN-γ, MMP-12 (AS), TGF-ß (AS), collagen fibers (AW), iNOS, and eNO (p > 0.05). SAL was similar to SAL-pep-BbKI for all comparisons (p > 0.05). (4) Pep-BbKI was similar to dexamethasone in reducing the majority of alterations of this ACO model.

Effect of an organic acid blend in Nile tilapia growth performance, immunity, gut microbiota, and resistance to challenge against francisellosis.

Organic acids (OAs) are a class of feed additives that have prophylactic and inhibitory properties against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we investigated growth performance, innate immune response, gut microbiota, and disease resistance against Francisella orientalis F1 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed different doses of Bacti-nil®Aqua, a blend of short- and medium-chain OAs. For 21 days, 680 juvenile tilapias were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with a 0.3% (D3) or 0.5% (D5) OA blend. The feed conversion rate of fish fed the 0.5% enriched diet was considerably lower (p < 0.05) than that of the fish fed the basal diet. Lysozyme and serum bactericidal activities were significantly elevated following OA administration. After infection, no differences in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota were observed between the groups. After the bacterial challenge, the mortality was significantly lower in group D5 (p < 0.01). The diet supplemented with Bacti-nil®Aqua (Adisseo) improved the immune response and resistance of tilapia juveniles against F. orientalis infection. Thus, this OA blend could serve as a feed additive with good activity against F. orientalis.

Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in a high-risk maternity clinic: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate obstetric, epidemiological and social factors related to postpartum depression (PPD) and investigate possible risk factors related to this disorder, in puerperal women who had their childbirth and were referred to the High-Risk Outpatient Clinic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study from August-December/2019 was carried out. One hundred seventy-one puerperal women were analyzed by filling out an epidemiological questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) Form. Scores ≥10 were considered positive. Research on risk factors for postpartum depression was carried out. RESULTS: 29.8% of mothers had a score related with PPD. Breastfeeding without complication is protective against PPD (P=0.002 and χ2=12.533). In contrast, not having a planned pregnancy (P=0.0175, χ2=5.717), having depression at any stage of life (P=0.013, χ2=6.237), depression during pregnancy (P≤0.0001, χ2=46.201) or having a family history of depression (P=0.001, χ2=10.527), are factors associated with the development of PPD. Moreover, just having depression during pregnancy was found to be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of PPD, increasing the risk of developing this pathology by 12 times (OR=12.891). CONCLUSIONS: Depression during pregnancy is an important risk factor for the development of PPD. This can easily be detected using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and treated in a timely manner.

Reconhecimento facial: tecnologia, racismo e construção de mundos possíveis / Reconocimiento facial: tecnología, racismo y construcción de mundos posibles / Facial recognition: technology, racism and construction of possible worlds

Resumo Racismo e tecnologia são importantes mediadores societários, hierarquizando grupos e reproduzindo privilégios e exclusões. Podem, contudo, inviabilizar denúncias de desigualdades, seja pelo "mito da democracia racial" ou pela ideia de neutralidade da tecnologia. Discutiremos a eficácia da articulação entre racismo e tecnologia por conta de uma dupla opacidade: negação do racismo e a negação política da tecnologia. Trazemos o reconhecimento facial como aparato sociotécnico que, articulado aos corpos negros e a realidades brasileiras, ora produz invisibilidades, ora reacentua visibilidades. A pesquisa teórica reúne conceitos do pensamento social brasileiro, versando sobre relações raciais e criminologia marginal, bem como autores do campo da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), que nos auxiliam a explicitar a não neutralidade da tecnologia e a politização da gestão algorítmica. Concluímos pela necessária ampliação das vozes dissonantes que denunciam o racismo na produção de técnicas pretensamente neutras, numa proposição cosmopolítica, de modo a poder "decidir com" as pessoas que são reconhecidas ou invisibilizadas.

Resumen El racismo y la tecnología son importantes mediadores sociales, jerarquizan grupos, reproducen privilegios y exclusiones. Sin embargo, pueden hacer inviable denunciar las desigualdades, ya sea por el "mito de la democracia racial" o por la "neutralidad de la tecnología". Discutiremos la efectividad de la articulación entre racismo y tecnología debido a una doble opacidad: la negación del racismo y la negación política de la tecnología. Presentamos el reconocimiento facial como un aparato sociotécnico que, articulado con los cuerpos negros y las realidades brasileñas, a veces produce invisibilidades y as veces vuelve a enfatizar las visibilidades. La investigación teórica reúne conceptos del pensamiento social brasileño que abordan las relaciones raciales y la criminología marginal, así como autores del campo de la ciencia, tecnología y sociedad (CTS), que nos ayudan a explicar la no neutralidad de la tecnología y la politización de la gestión algorítmica. Concluimos por la necesaria amplificación de voces disonantes que denuncian el racismo en la producción de técnicas supuestamente neutrales, una propuesta cosmopolítica, para poder "decidir con" las personas reconocidas o invisibilizadas.

Abstract Racism and technology are important societal mediators, hierarchizing groups and reproducing privileges and exclusions. They can, however, make reports of inequalities unfeasible, due to the "myth of racial democracy" or the idea of technology neutrality. We discuss the effectiveness of the articulation between racism and technology due to a double opacity: denial of racism and political denial of technology. We bring facial recognition as a sociotechnical apparatus that, articulated with black bodies and Brazilian realities, sometimes produces invisibilities, sometimes re-emphasizes visibilities. The theoretical research brings together concepts from Brazilian social thought, dealing with racial relations and marginal criminology, as well as authors from the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS), who help us to explain the non-neutrality of technology and the politicization of algorithmic management. We conclude by the necessary amplification of dissonant voices that denounce racism in the production of supposedly neutral techniques, in a cosmopolitical proposition, in order to be able to "decide with" the people who are recognized or made invisible.

Multi-criteria analysis applied to humanitarian assistance: an approach based on ELECTRE-MOr.

The recent increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 in Brazil and worldwide, caused by the Omicron Variant, has brought to light concern to the population and the government, especially in the states most affected by the pandemic. To find a way to help combat the pandemic, a case study was conducted to acquire new speedboats by the Brazilian Navy (BN), through the application of the ELECTRE-MOr multicriteria method. The boats would be employed as mobile hospitals, aiming to perform first aid and evacuation of patients from riverside regions to qualified hospitals. Another important use would be the transport of vaccines, medicines and basic supplies for riverside populations, such as water, food and hygiene materials. For the proposed analysis, we consulted three specialists from the BN, who evaluated eight boat models in seven tactical, operational and medical criteria. After the application of the method, the Guardian 25 and RAC boats were chosen to be employed in humanitarian assistance. This study brings a valuable contribution to academia and society since it represents the application of a multi-criteria decision-aid method in the state of the art to contribute to the solution of a real problem that affects millions of people in Brazil and worldwide.

The Anti-Virulence Effect of Vismia guianensis against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata.

In folk medicine, Vismia guianensis is used to treat skin diseases and mycoses in the Amazon region. We evaluated the anti-Candida activity of the hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of Vismia guianensis (EHVG). HPLC-PDA and FIA-ESI-IT-MSn were used to chemically characterize EHVG. The anti-Candida activity was determined in vitro by the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Candida glabrata (ATCC-2001); Candida albicans (ATCC-90028, ATCC-14053, and ATCC-SC5314), and C. albicans clinical isolates. EHVG effects on adhesion, growth, and biofilm formation were also determined. Molecular docking was used to predict targets for EHVG compounds. The main compounds identified included anthraquinone, vismione D, kaempferol, quercetin, and vitexin. EHVG was fungicidal against all tested strains. C. albicans ATCC 14053 and C. glabrata ATCC 2001 were the most sensitive strains, as the extract inhibited their virulence factors. In silico analysis indicated that vismione D presented the best antifungal activity, since it was the most effective in inhibiting CaCYP51, and may act as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, according to the online PASS prediction. Overall, the data demonstrate that EHVG has an anti-Candida effect by inhibiting virulence factors of the fungi. This activity may be related to its vismione D content, indicating this compound may represent a new perspective for treating diseases caused by Candida sp.

Multiplex PCR assay for correct identification of the fish pathogenic species of Edwardsiella genus reveals the presence of E. anguillarum in South America in strains previously characterized as E. tarda.

AIMS: Develop a species-specific multiplex PCR to correctly identify Edwardsiella species in routine diagnostic for fish bacterial diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS: The genomes of 62 Edwardsiella spp. isolates available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were subjected to taxonomic and pan-genomic analyses to identify unique regions that could be exploited by species-specific PCR. The designed primers were tested against isolated Edwardsiella spp. strains, revealing errors in commercial biochemical tests for bacterial classification regarding Edwardsiella species. CONCLUSION: Some of the genomes of Edwardsiella spp. in the NCBI platform were incorrectly classified, which can lead to errors in some research. A functional mPCR was developed to differentiate between phenotypically and genetically ambiguous Edwardsiella, with which, we detected the presence of Edwardsiella anguillarum affecting fish in Brazil. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows that the misclassification of Edwardsiella spp in Brazil concealed the presence of E. anguillarum in South America. Also, this review of the taxonomic classification of the Edwardsiella genus is a contribution to the field to help researchers with their sequencing and identification of genomes, showing some misclassifications in online databases that must be corrected, as well as developing an easy assay to characterize Edwardsiella species in an end-point mPCR.

Interleukin-32γ in the Control of Acute Experimental Chagas Disease.

Chagas disease (CD) is an important parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) plays an important role in inflammation and in the development of Th1/Th17 acquired immune responses. We evaluated the influence of IL-32γ on the immune response profile, pathogenesis of myocarditis in acute experimental CD, and control of the disease. For this, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-32γTg mice were infected subcutaneously with 1,000 forms of Colombian strain of T. cruzi. In the histopathological analyzes, T. cruzi nests, myocarditis, and collagen were quantified in cardiac tissue. Cytokine productions (IL-32, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17) were measured in cardiac homogenate by ELISA. The IL-32γTg mice showed a better control of parasitemia and T. cruzi nests in the heart than WT mice. Infected-WT and -IL-32γTg mice showed similar levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, but IL-10 was significantly higher expressed in IL-32γTg than in WT mice. The cytokine profile found in IL-32γTg animals contributed to body weight maintenance, parasitemia control, and survival. Our results indicate that the presence of human IL-32γ in mice infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi is important for infection control during the acute phase of Chagas disease.

The Colombian Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi Induces a Proinflammatory Profile, Neuronal Death, and Collagen Deposition in the Intestine of C57BL/6 Mice Both during the Acute and Early Chronic Phase.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes caused by infection with the Colombian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) in the acute and chronic experimental phases. C57Bl/6 mice were infected with 1000 trypomastigote forms of the Colombian strain of T. cruzi. After 30 days (acute phase) and 90 days (early chronic phase) of infection, the animals were euthanized, and the colon was collected and divided into two parts: proximal and distal. The distal portion was used for histopathological analysis, whereas the proximal portion was used for quantification of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the weight of the animals and parasitemia were assessed. The infection induced gradual weight loss in the animals. In addition, the infection induced an increase in interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the intestine in the acute phase, in which this increase continued until the early chronic phase. The same was observed in relation to the presence of intestinal inflammatory infiltrates. In relation to interleukin (IL)-10, there was an increase only in the early chronic phase. The Colombian strain infection was also able to induce neuronal loss in the myenteric plexus and deposition of the collagen fibers during the acute phase. The Colombian strain of T. cruzi is capable of causing histopathological changes in the intestine of infected mice, especially in inducing neuronal destructions. Thus, this strain can also be used to study the intestinal form of Chagas disease in experimental models.

Desenvolvimento de Líderes em Pesquisa e Extensão: o Papel de uma Associação de Representatividade Estudantil / Developing Leaders in Research and Extension: The Role of a Student Representative Association

A essência da extensão universitária se pauta na emancipação da sociedade, culminando na indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão, aspecto de interesse das instituições de ensino superior e dos discentes, visando o exercício da cidadania. Assim, iniciativas que destaquem a relação entre pesquisa e extensão são de extrema relevância. Nesse contexto, a International Federation of Medical Students Associations of Brazil (IFMSA Brazil) é uma organização que trabalha com intuito de fortalecer o tripé universitário e engajar novas lideranças nessas áreas. O principal objetivo deste estudo é discorrer sobre a atuação do time nacional de publicação, pesquisa e extensão da IFMSA Brazil da gestão 2019 ­ 2020 como recurso humano para formação de líderes em pesquisa e extensão, analisando o impacto deste trabalho no âmbito estudantil e universitário, da saúde pública e da comunidade. Este estudo observacional descritivo e retrospectivo tem como objeto de análise as atividades realizadas por este time, no período entre dezembro de 2019 a junho de 2020, em prol da formação de lideranças estudantil no cenário da pesquisa e extensão. Com isso, este trabalho demonstra como esse time não apenas enaltece o acesso à educação em pesquisa e em extensão, através de capacitações, divulgação de oportunidades, materiais, entre outras estratégias, mas também fomenta a liderança estudantil em 220 escolas médicas com o propósito de consolidar a saúde pública, a tradução do conhecimento, a responsabilidade social e o letramento em saúde.

Interspecies transmission of Edwardsiella ictaluri in Brazilian catfish (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) from exotic invasive fish species.

Infections caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri are one of the biggest problems in the catfish industry in North America and have been reported in fishes around the world. E. ictaluri was detected in juvenile pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans-a Brazilian catfish-in a farm in Paraná State, Brazil; diseased animals showed ascites and neurological signs of infection, with more than 50% mortality. Exotic invasive species susceptible to this bacterium have been reported in this area. We assessed the susceptibility of pintado to E. ictaluri with experimental infection via intraperitoneal and immersion methods as well as a cohabitation experiment with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and African walking catfish Clarias gariepinus, 2 exotic invasive species. All pintados challenged by intraperitoneal and immersion routes and those cohabiting with infected C. gariepinus died within 17 d of the challenge. Mortality of Nile tilapia reached 71.42% after the intraperitoneal and 35.71% in the immersion challenges within 28 d, whereas African walking catfish showed zero mortality. Observed clinical signs were comparable to those in the farm and those described in the literature as enteric septicemia of catfish. With this study, we demonstrated the susceptibility of P. corruscans to E. ictaluri, as well as interspecies transmission of this bacterium.

Is there a common pathophysiological mechanism between COVID-19 and depression?

COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and was initially considered to cause serious damage to the respiratory system. Over time, it has been found to affect other organs due to its ability to bind to the ACE2 receptor (type 2 angiotensin-converting enzyme), which can be found in various tissues, including the central nervous system. In addition, a large formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for various lesions was observed during the evolution of this disease. Our objective was to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms involved in the infection that may demonstrate the relationship between COVID-19 and the development of depressive conditions. Based on the main medical databases (LiLacs, SciELO, Bireme, Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed) and using the terms 'coronavirus infections' AND 'Inflammation' AND 'depression' AND 'cytokines', we conducted an integrative review of articles published in 2020. Considering this stage of Covid-19 and the inflammatory component of depression, this review showed a relationship between these two conditions based on common pathophysiological mechanisms indicating possible depressive disorders in surviving patients, especially in the most severe cases. The role of inflammatory cytokines and the presence of ACE-2 receptors on the cell surface appear to be the common pathophysiological mechanism between COVID-19 and depression.