Treatment challenges in adult female acne and future directions.

Introduction: Acne is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated disease of the pilosebaceous unit, highly prevalent in adolescents. However, an increasing number of adults over 25 years old with facial acne, particularly women, have been observed. It is considered a different disease when compared to acne vulgaris. Face is the mainly involved area with inflammatory lesions and more sensitive skin, pointing out the need of a holistic approach.Areas covered: We performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed database, up to January 2021, regarding adult female acne. We synthesized data about pathogenesis; differences compared to acne vulgaris; and treatment, with focus in the management challenges and perspectives.Expert opinion: It is essential to value the negative impact on quality of life of adult female acne, independently of severity. The disease has prolonged evolution, and patient might be resilient once the improvement, regardless of the treatment option, will just be noticeable after 3 months. Aggravating factors should be clearly discussed, such as the need of changing many habits, especially lesions manipulation. The therapeutic regimen includes make-up and tailored skin care (considering proneness to sensitivity), while anti-acne drugs should be chosen in accordance with desire to be pregnant, presence of pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Consensus on the use of oral isotretinoin in dermatology - Brazilian Society of Dermatology

Abstract Background: Isotretinoin is a synthetic retinoid, derived from vitamin A, with multiple mechanisms of action and highly effective in the treatment of acne, despite common adverse events, manageable and dose-dependent. Dose-independent teratogenicity is the most serious. Therefore, off-label prescriptions require strict criteria. Objective: To communicate the experience and recommendation of Brazilian dermatologists on oral use of the drug in dermatology. Methods: Eight experts from five universities were appointed by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology to develop a consensus on indications for this drug. Through the adapted DELPHI methodology, relevant elements were listed and an extensive analysis of the literature was carried out. The consensus was defined with the approval of at least 70% of the experts. Results: With 100% approval from the authors, there was no doubt about the efficacy of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of acne, including as an adjunct in the correction of scars. Common and manageable common adverse events are mucocutaneous in nature. Others, such as growth retardation, abnormal healing, depression, and inflammatory bowel disease have been thoroughly investigated, and there is no evidence of a causal association; they are rare, individual, and should not contraindicate the use of the drug. Regarding unapproved indications, it may represent an option in cases of refractory rosacea, severe seborrheic dermatitis, stabilization of field cancerization with advanced photoaging and, although incipient, frontal fibrosing alopecia. For keratinization disorders, acitretin performs better. In the opinion of the authors, indications for purely esthetic purposes or oil control are not recommended, particularly for women of childbearing age. Conclusions: Approved and non-approved indications, efficacy and adverse effects of oral isotretinoin in dermatology were presented and critically evaluated.

Consensus on the use of oral isotretinoin in dermatology - Brazilian Society of Dermatology.

BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin is a synthetic retinoid, derived from vitamin A, with multiple mechanisms of action and highly effective in the treatment of acne, despite common adverse events, manageable and dose-dependent. Dose-independent teratogenicity is the most serious. Therefore, off-label prescriptions require strict criteria. OBJECTIVE: To communicate the experience and recommendation of Brazilian dermatologists on oral use of the drug in dermatology. METHODS: Eight experts from five universities were appointed by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology to develop a consensus on indications for this drug. Through the adapted DELPHI methodology, relevant elements were listed and an extensive analysis of the literature was carried out. The consensus was defined with the approval of at least 70% of the experts. RESULTS: With 100% approval from the authors, there was no doubt about the efficacy of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of acne, including as an adjunct in the correction of scars. Common and manageable common adverse events are mucocutaneous in nature. Others, such as growth retardation, abnormal healing, depression, and inflammatory bowel disease have been thoroughly investigated, and there is no evidence of a causal association; they are rare, individual, and should not contraindicate the use of the drug. Regarding unapproved indications, it may represent an option in cases of refractory rosacea, severe seborrheic dermatitis, stabilization of field cancerization with advanced photoaging and, although incipient, frontal fibrosing alopecia. For keratinization disorders, acitretin performs better. In the opinion of the authors, indications for purely esthetic purposes or oil control are not recommended, particularly for women of childbearing age. CONCLUSIONS: Approved and non-approved indications, efficacy and adverse effects of oral isotretinoin in dermatology were presented and critically evaluated.

The use of isotretinoin for acne - an update on optimal dosing, surveillance, and adverse effects.

INTRODUCTION: Acne is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune mediated disease of pilosebaceous unit, highly prevalent in adolescents. It involves face, trunk, and back; may leave scars and affect quality of life. Early, effective, and safe treatment is the key for disease resolution. Oral isotretinoin is the unique treatment for cure or prolonged remission for moderate and severe acne, preventing psychosocial impact and scars. It inhibits sebaceous glands activity and has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. AREAS COVERED: We performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed database, up to March 2020, regarding oral isotretinoin for acne treatment. We synthetized data about acne pathogenesis and mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of isotretinoin. EXPERT OPINION: This drug is effective, despite common, controllable, and reversible mucocutaneous side effects. Serious adverse events are rare and represent individual reactions. Teratogenicity is the most severe, requiring rigorous control. We believe that no other therapeutic option, even topicals combined to oral antibiotics accomplish same results. Recurrence after treatments other than isotretinoin is the rule, prolonging risk of scars, compromising skin appearance, and causing emotional distress in teenagers. If there is no absolute contraindication, isotretinoin should be the first line treatment for moderate to severe inflammatory acne.

Aspectos Fonoaudiológicos em Pacientes Diagnosticados com Meningioma antes e após o Tratamento Cirúrgico / Oral Miofunctional Aspects of Patients Diagnosed with Meningioma before and after Surgical / Aspectos Fonoaudiológicos en Pacientes Diagnosticados con Meningioma antes y después del Tratamiento Quirúrgico

Introdução: Os meningiomas estão entre as neoplasias intracranianas primárias mais frequentes e, entre as deficiências neurológicas causadas, estão as alterações fonoaudiológicas, principalmente os déficits de deglutição e comunicação. Com isso, estudos que identifiquem precocemente as alterações fonoaudiológicas são necessários para uma adequada intervenção terapêutica. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever os aspectos fonoaudiológicos em pacientes diagnosticados com meningioma antes e após o tratamento cirúrgico. Relato dos casos: Participaram da pesquisa seis indivíduos diagnosticados com meningioma internados em um hospital geral de Salvador - BA. Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação fonoaudiológica antes e após a ressecção do tumor, com aplicação do Protocolo de avaliação clínica fonoaudiológica à beira leito. No momento pré-cirúrgico, as alterações fonoaudiológicas ocorreram em um número pequeno de casos, estando relacionadas principalmente a déficits leves de motricidade orofacial e disfagia de leve a moderada. Já no período pós- -operatório, as alterações fonoaudiológicas foram frequentes, principalmente quanto à deglutição, com involução da Escala funcional de ingestão por via oral e necessidade de terapia fonoaudiológica em todos os casos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o meningioma pode acarretar diferentes alterações fonoaudiológicas, principalmente quanto à deglutição, sendo mais frequente no momento pós-cirúrgico em razão da manipulação dos vasos e nervos, e mais preocupante em regiões cranianas posteriores

Introduction: Meningiomas are among the most frequent primary intracranial neoplasms, and among the neurological deficiencies caused are speech-language disorders, mainly deglutition and communication deficits. Thus, studies that identify early speech-language disorders are necessary for an adequate therapeutic intervention. This study aims to describe speech-language pathology in patients diagnosed with meningioma before and after surgical treatment. Case report: Six individuals with meningioma diagnostics participated in the study hospitalized in a general hospital in Salvador - BA. Participants were submitted to speech and language assessment before and after tumor resection, with application of the protocol of clinical evaluation of speech-language pathology. At the pre-surgical stage, speech-language disorders occurred in a small number of cases, mainly related to mild deficiencies of orofacial motor and mild to moderate dysphagia. Already in the postoperative period, speech-language disorders were frequent, especially regarding swallowing, with involution of the functional oral intake scale and need for speech therapy in all cases. Conclusion: It is concluded that the meningioma can cause different speech-language disorders, mainly in swallowing, being more frequent in the post-surgical moment due to the manipulation of the vessels and nerves, being more worrying in posterior cranial regions

Introducción: Los meningiomas están entre las neoplasias intracraneales primarias más frecuentes y entre las deficiencias neurológicas causadas están las alteraciones fonoaudiológicas, principalmente los déficit de deglución y comunicación. Con ello, estudios que identifiquen precozmente las alteraciones fonoaudiológicas son necesarios para una adecuada intervención terapéutica. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los aspectos fonoaudiológicos en pacientes diagnosticados con meningioma antes y después del tratamiento quirúrgico. Relato de casos: Participaron de la investigación seis individuos diagnosticados con meningioma internados en un hospital general de Salvador - BA. Los participantes fueron sometidos a la evaluación fonoaudiológica antes y después de la resección del tumor, con aplicación del protocolo de evaluación de evaluación clínica fonoaudiológica al borde lecho. En el momento prequirúrgico las alteraciones fonoaudiológicas ocurrieron en un número pequeño de casos, estando relacionadas principalmente a los déficit leves de motricidad orofacial y disfagia de leve a moderada. En el período postoperatorio. las alteraciones fonoaudiológicas fueron frecuentes, principalmente en cuanto a la deglución, con involución de la escala funcional de la ingestión por vía oral y necesidad de terapia fonoaudiológica en todos los casos. Conclusión: Se concluye que el meningioma puede acarrear diferentes alteraciones fonoaudiológicas, principalmente en cuanto a la deglución, siendo más frecuente en el momento post-quirúrgico debido a la manipulación de los vasos y nervios, siendo más preocupantes en regiones craneales posteriores

Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease even before the onset of clinical lesions.

Acne is a chronic self-limited disease, which affects mostly teenagers, without gender difference. In recent years, the incidence has increased in female adults. The factors involved in this epidemiological observation are still under discussion in the literature. Clinically, acne is characterized by different types of lesions. The disease affects the regions rich in sebaceous glands (face, chest and upper back). The clinical lesions are: open and closed comedones, erythematous papules, pustules, nodules and different types of scars. Taking into consideration the general concept of inflammation (redness, pain, heat and loss of function), acne is traditionally classified as non-inflammatory (open and closed comedones) and inflammatory (other primary lesions). With the knowledge advancement this concept seems to be wrong and therefore acne would be an inflammatory disease even before the onset of their clinical lesions.

Evidence on acne therapy.

Among the current treatments available for acne vulgaris, many widely practiced options lack support from studies at the best level of scientific evidence. The aim of this narrative review was to present the very latest information on topical and systemic treatments for acne vulgaris. Information from systematic reviews and well-designed clinical trials, obtained through a systematic search of the major medical databases, is emphasized. There are important issues regarding the clinical management of acne that still lack consistent grounding in scientific evidence. Among these are the optimum dose and duration of treatment with oral antibiotics that can be given without inducing bacterial resistance, and the safety of oral isotretinoin.

Evidências sobre o tratamento da acne / Evidence about the treatment of acne

Na terapêutica atual da acne vulgar, muitas opções amplamente praticadas carecem de respaldo em estudos de melhornível de evidência científica. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa é apresentar o que há de mais recente no tratamentotópico e sistêmico da acne vulgar. São enfatizadas as informações de revisões sistemáticas e de ensaios clínicos combom desenho metodológico, obtidas a partir de busca sistematizada nas principais bases de dados em medicina. Háimportantes questões referentes à conduta clínica diante da acne que ainda requerem embasamento em evidênciascientíficas consistentes, entre elas: a dose e a duração ideais do tratamento com antibióticos orais, sem que ocorraindução de resistência bacteriana, e a segurança da isotretinoína oral.

Evidence on acne therapy / Evidencias sobre o tratamento da acne

Among the current treatments available for acne vulgaris, many widely practiced options lack support from studies at the best level of scientific evidence. The aim of this narrative review was to present the very latest information on topical and systemic treatments for acne vulgaris. Information from systematic reviews and well-designed clinical trials, obtained through a systematic search of the major medical databases, is emphasized. There are important issues regarding the clinical management of acne that still lack consistent grounding in scientific evidence. Among these are the optimum dose and duration of treatment with oral antibiotics that can be given without inducing bacterial resistance, and the safety of oral isotretinoin.

Na terapêutica atual da acne vulgar, muitas opções amplamente praticadas carecem de respaldo em estudos de melhor nível de evidência científica. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa é apresentar o que há de mais recente no tratamento tópico e sistêmico da acne vulgar. São enfatizadas as informações de revisões sistemáticas e de ensaios clínicos com bom desenho metodológico, obtidas a partir de busca sistematizada nas principais bases de dados em medicina. Há importantes questões referentes à conduta clínica diante da acne que ainda requerem embasamento em evidências científicas consistentes, entre elas a dose e a duração ideais do tratamento com antibióticos orais, sem que ocorra indução de resistência bacteriana, e a segurança da isotretinoína oral.