ABSTRACT
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases characterized by low levels and an abnormal distribution of adipose tissue, caused by diverse genetic or acquired causes. These conditions commonly exhibit metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adipose tissue dysfunction. Moreover, genetic lipodystrophic laminopathies exhibit a premature aging phenotype, emphasizing the importance of restoring adipose tissue distribution and function. In this opinion, we discuss the relevance of adipose tissue reestablishment as a potential approach to alleviate premature aging and age-related complications in genetic lipodystrophy syndromes.
Subject(s)
Aging, Premature , Diabetes Mellitus , Insulin Resistance , Lipodystrophy , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Humans , Aging, Premature/genetics , Aging, Premature/complications , Lipodystrophy/genetics , Lipodystrophy/metabolism , Insulin Resistance/geneticsABSTRACT
During a surveillance study conducted to assess the occurrence and genomic landscape of critical priority pathogens circulating at the human-animal-environment interface in Brazil, as part of the Grand Challenges Explorations-New Approaches to Characterize the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance program, two multidrug-resistant (MDR) Citrobacter portucalensis carrying blaCTX-M-15 extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) genes, isolated from green sea turtles, were characterized. Genomic and phylogeographical analysis of C. portucalensis genomes available in public databases revealed the intercontinental dissemination of clades carrying different arrays of clinically relevant genes conferring resistance to carbapenems, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, cephamycins, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, disinfectants, and heavy metals. Our observations suggest that C. portucalensis could be emerging as critical priority bacteria of both public and One Health importance worldwide. IMPORTANCE The global spread of antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens beyond the hospital setting is a critical issue within a One Health context that integrates the human-animal-environment interfaces. On the other hand, next-generation sequencing technologies along with user-friendly and high-quality bioinformatics tools have improved the identification of bacterial species, and bacterial resistance surveillance. The novel Citrobacter portucalensis species was proposed in 2017 after taxonomic reclassification and definition of the strain A60T isolated in 2008. Here, we presented genomic data showing the occurrence of multidrug-resistant C. portucalensis isolates carrying blaCTX-M-15 ESBL genes in South America. Additionally, we observed the intercontinental dissemination of clades harboring a broad resistome to clinically relevant antibiotics. Therefore, these findings highlight that C. portucalensis is a global MDR bacteria that carries intrinsic blaCMY- and qnrB-type genes and has become a critical priority pathogen due to the acquisition of clinically relevant resistance determinants, such as ESBL and carbapenemase-encoding genes.
Subject(s)
Citrobacter , beta-Lactamases , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Citrobacter/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , beta-Lactamases/geneticsABSTRACT
Satiety is a complex state, influenced by numerous factors that go beyond food ingestion. Satiety influences food habits and behavior, thus affecting human health. This review provides an overview of physiological mechanisms involved in satiety and of methodologies to assess food intake and satiety in both animal models and humans. The following topics are highlighted: differences between satiety and satiation; how the central nervous system regulates food intake and satiety; the impact of different macronutrients on satiety; and how the manipulation of food composition might influence overall satiety. Bringing together knowledge on this myriad of satiety mechanisms and how we can study them is useful to better understand and control obesity and other eating disorders.
Subject(s)
Rodentia , Satiation , Animals , Eating/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Food , Humans , Satiation/physiologyABSTRACT
CTX-M-type extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have become identified in marine ecosystem constituting a serious ecological issue. In this respect, although contamination of coastal waters and seafood, and even colonization of seabirds and fishes have been increasingly reported, molecular data are lacking to elucidate the clinical impact of ESBL producers in infected marine animals. In this study, using a genomic approach, we have analysed the genetic background of CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacter hormaechei (belonging to the international human clone ST114) and Citrobacter freundii (ST265) co-infecting a free-living green turtle (Chelonia mydas) suffering from septic arthritis, which progressed to generalized coelomitis and death. Wide resistome of these pathogens contributed to treatment failure and death of the animal.
Subject(s)
Citrobacter freundii/genetics , Coinfection/veterinary , Enterobacter/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/veterinary , Turtles/microbiology , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Citrobacter freundii/drug effects , Coinfection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Enterobacter/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as diferenças entre a acalasia chagásica e a idiopática em pacientes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, através da análise de achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, radiológicos e manométricos. Foram estudados pacientes encaminhados ao Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, entre novembro de 1996 e dezembro de 2001, com suspeita de acalasia, posteriormente, confirmada por manometria esofágica. Além das características manométricas e radiológicas, os pacientes foram avaliados quanto a idade, sexo, sintomas e tempo de evolução. Entre 51 pacientes, nove (18 por cento) tiveram sorologia positiva para doença de Chagas e 42 (82 por cento) sorologia negativa. Indivíduos com sorologia negativa foram considerados portadores de acalasia idiopática. Pacientes com acalasia chagásica tinham média de idade de 62 mais ou menos 15 anos e os com idiopática 43 mais ou menos 18 anos (P<0,02). O período de evolução dos sintomas em pacientes com acalasia chagásica foi de 74 mais ou menos 47 meses e nos idiopáticos 49 mais ou menos 35 meses (P<0,05). Disfagia, regurgitação, dor torácica e emagrecimento, valores do esfíncter esofágico inferior (pressão basal, pressão e duração de relaxamento pós-deglutição e comprimento total) e do corpo esofágico (amplitude e duração das ondas pós-deglutição) foram similares em ambos os grupos). As únicas diferenças estatisticamente significativas encontradas entre os dois grupos foram a média de idade e o período de evolução dos sintomas, maiores nos pacientes chagásicos. Esses dados permitem especular sobre uma maior tolerância aos sintomas nos pacientes com idade mais avançada.
