COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Insecurity among Pregnant Women in an Important City of the Amazon Region: A Study of the Years 2021 and 2022.

INTRODUCTION: Food insecurity (FI) experienced during pregnancy represents a relevant public health problem, as it negatively affects maternal and child health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of FI among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the period from 2021 to 2022, with a representative sample of 423 women resulting from a sample calculation based on the average (2912 births) that occurred in the years 2016 to 2020 in the only maternity hospital in the municipality. After analyzing the medical records, interviews were carried out with the postpartum women using a standardized questionnaire and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals to measure associations. RESULTS: FI was observed in 57.0% of cases and was associated with age under 20 years (PR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.29; 1.79), receipt of government assistance (PR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.10; 1.55), loss of family employment (PR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.20; 1.64), greater number of residents (PR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.00; 1.37), and prenatal care in a public institution (PR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.04; 2.26). CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of FI cases, associated with socioeconomic, demographic, and prenatal care characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anemia and iron deficiency in primigent parturients in a municipality of Brazilian west Amazon.

To analyze the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in primiparous parturient.Cross-sectional study conducted in a municipality of the Brazilian Western Amazon from July 2014 to December 2015. A convenience sample of 461 first-time pregnant women were interviewed. Data on their sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric, personal habits and nutritional status were collected. Anemia and iron depletion were measured by peripheral blood collection with hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation index. To test the association between the variables, the χ tests were applied and Poisson regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was performed, and P < .05 values were considered significant. The Forward stepwise strategy was used to construct the adjusted model. These analyzes were performed using the STATA 14.0 program (College Station, TX, 2013).A higher risk of anemia was identified among adolescent; white; who had a partner; with unpaid occupation, with less than eight years of formal education. Residents in the countryside; smokers; who had more than six prenatal consultations and were overweight.Anemia was reported in 28.20% and iron depletion in 60.52% of parturient women. The variables studied did not have association with the anemia outcome, except alcohol consumption.

Quality of life and body image of patients with urinary disorders.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the quality of life and body image of men with difficulty urinating and indwelling urinary catheter users, integrating the socio-demographic, economic and morbidity variables. METHOD: a cross-sectional analytical study with 64 male patients with urinary problems. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: one containing sociodemographic, economic and morbid data, the Medical Outcome Study 36-item short-form health survey to analyze quality of life, and the Body Dysmorphic Examination, which assesses body image. T-test, Mann-Whitney, Pearson, Spearman, Linear Regression and Stepwise were used. RESULTS: quality of life and body image were compromised in both groups, affecting emotional aspects, with a high degree of body dissatisfaction and altered physical and social adversity. CONCLUSION: changes in patients' quality of life and body image were observed, confirming the need for improvement in care.

Maternal factors associated with prematurity in public maternity hospitals at the Brazilian Western Amazon.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse maternal factors associated with prematurity in public maternity hospitals. DESIGN: Retrospective unmatched case-control study on two public maternity hospitals in the State of Acre, Brazil. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 341 newborn infants of premature birth (< 37 weeks; case group) and 388 newborn infants of term delivery (≥ 37 weeks; control group). METHODS: A validated instrument was used for interviews, and information was collected from hospital records. The variables were divided into five blocks: (1) maternal sociodemographic and economic characteristics, (2) maternal biological and reproductive characteristics, (3) maternal habits, (4) pregnancy complications, and (5) neonatal characteristics. The hierarchical analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The risk factors associated with premature birth were as follows: newborn infants of mothers who were born premature (p = 0.005), with low BMI (p = 0.006), history of a previous preterm child (p<0.003), who had stress (p = 0.020) and physical injury during pregnancy (p = 0.025), with quality of prenatal care classified as inadequate II (p = 0.001), which presented abnormal amniotic fluid volume (p<0.001), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (p<0.001), bleeding (p = 0.013) and hospitalization during pregnancy (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The variables that were associated with premature birth were mother born preterm, low BMI, previous premature child, stress and physical injury during pregnancy, prenatal care inadequate II, bleeding, abnormal amniotic fluid volume, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and hospitalization during pregnancy. It is important to properly perform prenatal care, having a multidisciplinary approach as support, with the objective of keep up with changes in nutritional classification and monitoring of adverse clinical conditions.

Quality of life and body image of patients with urinary disorders / Calidad de vida y autoimagen de pacientes con disturbios urinarios / Qualidade de vida e autoimagem de pacientes com distúrbios urinários

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the quality of life and body image of men with difficulty urinating and indwelling urinary catheter users, integrating the socio-demographic, economic and morbidity variables. Method: a cross-sectional analytical study with 64 male patients with urinary problems. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: one containing sociodemographic, economic and morbid data, the Medical Outcome Study 36-item short-form health survey to analyze quality of life, and the Body Dysmorphic Examination, which assesses body image. T-test, Mann-Whitney, Pearson, Spearman, Linear Regression and Stepwise were used. Results: quality of life and body image were compromised in both groups, affecting emotional aspects, with a high degree of body dissatisfaction and altered physical and social adversity. Conclusion: changes in patients' quality of life and body image were observed, confirming the need for improvement in care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida y la autoimagen de los hombres con dificultades para orinar y los usuarios de sondas urinarias con retraso, integrándolos con variables sociodemográficas, económicas y de morbilidad. Método: estudio analítico transversal con 64 pacientes varones con problemas urinarios. Se utilizaron tres cuestionarios para la recopilación de datos: uno que contenía datos sociodemográficos, económicos y mórbidos, el Medical Outcome Study 36-item short-form health survey para analizar la calidad de vida y el Examen dismórfico corporal, que evalúa la autoimagen. Se utilizaron las pruebas t, Mann-Whitney, Pearson, Spearman, Regresión lineal y Stepwise. Resultados: la calidad de vida y la autoimagen se vieron comprometidas en ambos grupos, afectando aspectos emocionales, con un alto grado de insatisfacción corporal y alteración de la adversidad física y social. Conclusión: se observaron cambios en la calidad de vida y la autoimagen de los pacientes, lo que confirma la necesidad de mejorar la atención.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida e autoimagem de homens com dificuldade para urinar e de usuários de cateter urinário de demora, integrando às variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas e de morbidade. Método: estudo transversal analítico com 64 pacientes do sexo masculino com problemas urinários. Foram utilizados três questionários para coleta de dados: um contendo dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e mórbidos, o Medical Outcome Study 36-item short-form health survey para análise da qualidade de vida e o Body Dysmorphic Examination, que avalia a autoimagem. Utilizaram-se os Testes t, Mann-Whitney, Pearson, Spearman, Regressão Linear e Stepwise. Resultados: a qualidade de vida e a autoimagem mostraram-se comprometidas nos dois grupos, afetando os aspectos emocionais, com alto grau de insatisfação corporal e adversidade física e social alterada. Conclusão: foram observadas alterações na qualidade de vida e autoimagem dos pacientes constatando a necessidade de melhoria na assistência.

Assistência de enfermagem no pré-parto em uma maternidade de referência: estudo transversal / Nursing care during labor in a model maternity unit: cross-sectional study / Atendimiento de la enfermería en el pre-parto en una maternidad de referencia: estudio transversal

OBJETIVO: Avaliar assistência de enfermagem oferecida à parturiente no pré-parto da maternidade de referência da Regional do Vale Juruá/AC, conforme os ditames de indicadores de qualidade assistencial proposto pelo Ministério da Saúde. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, cujo método foi observação participante. RESULTADO: Não houve restrições de líquidos, nem à permanência de acompanhante; métodos não farmacológicos foram estimulados; destacou-se a ausência do uso do partograma (A); o enema, enteroclisma e tricotomia são condutas eliminadas da rotina (B); algumas tecnologias de alívio da dor sem evidências suficientes para sua indicação não foram utilizadas (C); toque vaginal frequente, cardiotocografia e administração de ocitócitos ocorreram em mais de 30% dos casos, considerando cada conduta. CONCLUSÃO: A excelência na assistência ao trabalho de parto exige reflexão dos atores envolvidos, além de implementação e solidificação das politicas públicas já existentes a fim de garantir a integralidade do cuidado e do atendimento humanizado.

AIM: To evaluate nursing care measures offered to women in labor before delivery in the model maternity unit of Vale do Jurua region/AC, according to the dictates of care quality indicators proposed by the Ministry of Health. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, descriptive and quantitative approach, participant observation method. RESULTS: There were no restrictions on fluids, or permanence of a companion; non-pharmacological methods were stimulated; the absence of the use of the partograph was noteworthy (A); enemas, intestinal cleansers and shaving were eliminated from the routine procedures (B); some pain relief technologies without sufficient evidence for their indication were not used (C); frequent vaginal examination, cardiotocography and oxytocics administration occurred in more than 30% of cases, according to each conduct. CONCLUSION: excellence in care provision in delivery requires reflection of the parts involved, as well as implementation and consolidation of existing public policies to ensure comprehensive and humane care measures.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el atendimiento que la enfermería le ofrece a la parturiente en el pre-parto de la maternidad de referencia de la Regional del Vale Juruá/AC, conforme los dictámenes de los indicadores de calidad asistencial propuesto por el Ministerio de la Salud. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y de abordaje cuantitativo, cuyo método fue la observación participante. RESULTADO: No se restringieron los líquidos ni la permanencia de acompañante; métodos no farmacológicos fueron estimulados; se destacó la ausencia del uso del partograma (A); el enema, enteroclisma y tricotomía son conductas eliminadas de la rutina (B); no se utilizaron algunas tecnologías de alivio del dolor sin evidencias suficientes (C); toque vaginal frecuente, cardiotocografía y administración de oxitócicos ocurrieron en más de 30% dos casos, considerando cada conducta. CONCLUSIÓN: La excelencia en la asistencia al trabajo de parto exige la reflexión de los actores envueltos, además de la implementación y solidificación de las políticas públicas ya existentes para garantir la integralidad del cuidado y del atendimiento humanizado.

Malária em Cruzeiro do Sul (Amazônia Ocidental brasileira): análise da série histórica de 1998 a 2008 / Malaria in Cruzeiro do Sul (Western Brazilian Amazon): analysis of the historical series from 1998 to 2008

OBJETIVO. Descrever as características epidemiológicas da malária e seus principais determinantes no Município de Cruzeiro do Sul, no Estado do Acre, Brasil, entre 1998 e 2008 MÉTODOS. Este estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, utilizou dados secundários disponíveis nos sistemas de informação em malária desenvolvidos pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil (SISMAL/SIVEP-Malária). Os dados foram analisados no software TABLEAU®. Dados geo-espaciais foram obtidos para avaliar a distribuição dos casos de malária. RESULTADOS: A incidência parasitária anual (IPA) de 27 casos/1-000 habitantes em 1998 chegou a 571,5 casos/1-000 habitantes em 2006, quando a cidade registrou sua maior epidemia, subsequente ao estabelecimento de um programa estadual de incentivo à perfuração de tanques para piscicultura, em 2005. As localidades rurais apresentaram maior número de casos. Entretanto, as localidades periurbanas que possuíam tanques de piscicultura tiveram IPAs mais elevadas do que áreas sem tanques. Após a intensificação das ações do Programa Nacional de Controle da Malária, a IPA diminuiu para 152,9 casos/1-000 habitantes em 2008. CONCLUSÕES. O incentivo a atividades econômicas em áreas periurbanas de transmissão instável de malária, típicas da América Latina, deve ser muito bem planejado. O controle da malária em Cruzeiro do Sul baseou-se em estratégias integradas implementadas simultaneamente pelos governos federal, estadual e municipal, como preconizado pelo Plano Nacional de Controle da Malária. É importante ressaltar a utilidade de um bom sistema de informação como o SIVEP-Malária para estimar a carga de doença e monitorar de forma eficiente o impacto das intervenções.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and its main determinants in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, State of Acre, Brazil, between 1998 and 2008. METHODS: This descriptive, retrospective study was carried out with secondary data available from the malaria information systems developed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (SISMAL/SIVEP-Malária). The data were analyzed using the TABLEAU® software. Geospatial data were obtained to assess the distribution of malaria cases. RESULTS: The annual parasite incidence (API) of 27 cases/1 000 population in 1998 reached 571.5 cases/1 000 population in 2006, the year in which the city recorded its largest epidemics, following the establishment of a state program that encouraged the digging of tanks for fish farming in 2005. Rural sites had the highest number of cases. However, peri-urban locations with fish tanks had higher APIs than peri-urban areas without tanks. Following the strengthening of control actions by the National Malaria Control Program, the API in Cruzeiro do Sul dropped to 152.9 cases/1 000 population in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: The type of economic activity fostered in peri-urban areas characterized by unstable malaria transmission, which are typical of Latin America, must be very well planned. Malaria control in Cruzeiro do Sul relied on integrated strategies implemented simultaneously by federal, state, and city governments, as recommended by the National Malaria Control Program. It is important to underscore the usefulness of a reliable information system such as SIVEP-Malária to estimate the burden of disease and efficiently monitor the impact of interventions.

[Malaria in Cruzeiro do Sul (Western Brazilian Amazon): analysis of the historical series from 1998 to 2008]. / Malária em Cruzeiro do Sul (Amazônia Ocidental brasileira): análise da série histórica de 1998 a 2008.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and its main determinants in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, State of Acre, Brazil, between 1998 and 2008. METHODS: This descriptive, retrospective study was carried out with secondary data available from the malaria information systems developed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (SISMAL/SIVEP-Malária). The data were analyzed using the TABLEAU® software. Geospatial data were obtained to assess the distribution of malaria cases. RESULTS: The annual parasite incidence (API) of 27 cases/1,000 population in 1998 reached 571.5 cases/1,000 population in 2006, the year in which the city recorded its largest epidemics, following the establishment of a state program that encouraged the digging of tanks for fish farming in 2005. Rural sites had the highest number of cases. However, peri-urban locations with fish tanks had higher APIs than peri-urban areas without tanks. Following the strengthening of control actions by the National Malaria Control Program, the API in Cruzeiro do Sul dropped to 152.9 cases/1,000 population in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: The type of economic activity fostered in peri-urban areas characterized by unstable malaria transmission, which are typical of Latin America, must be very well planned. Malaria control in Cruzeiro do Sul relied on integrated strategies implemented simultaneously by federal, state, and city governments, as recommended by the National Malaria Control Program. It is important to underscore the usefulness of a reliable information system such as SIVEP-Malária to estimate the burden of disease and efficiently monitor the impact of interventions.