Cholangiocarcinoma in a bitch - multimodal diagnosis

Background: Hepatic tumors of primary origin account for 0.6% to 2.9% of cases in canine species, less common than hepatic metastases. The hepatic tumors are divided into hepatocellular tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, bile duct tumors or cholangiocarcinomas, and mesenchymal tumors. Cholangiocarcinomas, are classified according to their origin, being intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or gallbladder type. Cholangiocarcinomas are considered rare in dogs and cats with a ratio of 29% to 71% compared to hepatocellular carcinomas, accounting for 9% of the hepatic tumors. The present study aims to describe a case of cholangiocarcinoma in a bitch, focusing on the diagnostic approach. Case: A 10-year-old castrated bitch Poodle was attended presenting hypoglycemia and seizure crisis. The patient had previous exams of hemogram and serum biochemical profile, showing a discrete increase of the hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), besides hypoglycemia. Previous ultrasound exam revealed the presence of a hepatic mass located between the right and square lobes, immeasurable, and significant splenomegaly. Abdominal palpation revealed the presence of immeasurable abdominal formation of undetermined origin. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT), glycemic curve, and insulin dosage were requested. Tomography exam showed an increase in hepatic volume with the presence of a heterogeneous formation in the right lateral lobe topography; increase in spleen dimensions and the presence of multiple nodules; and the presence of a nodule in the right lung, at the caudal thoracic region. The glycemic curve showed acute variations, and insulin dosage was between normal values. The animal was referred for surgery, as in abdominocentesis, it was observed the presence of hemorrhagic fluid, confirming active bleeding by ultrasonography. The owners chose for euthanasia. In the post-mortem evaluation the main lesion was confirmed of hepatic origin, with a massive, irregular, cavitary presentation, involving multiple hepatic lobes, and a single nodule was observed in the right caudal lobe of the right lung. Histopathological evaluation was considered inconclusive. Immunohistochemistry was performed and the association of the immunohistochemical profile with the morphological characteristics indicated diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Discussion: The related symptomatology, in hepatic neoplasms, is generally considered non-specific, with reports of lethargy, vomiting, dyspnea, anorexia and weight loss, however, the dog in this study presented a unique manifestation of hypoglycemia and one episode of convulsive crisis resulting from it. The clinical manifestation observed was extremely unspecific making initial diagnosis difficult. The ultrasonographic examination was effective in evidencing the abdominal mass. In addition, abdominal CT was also performed, which confirmed the hepatic origin, detailing the macroscopic aspect. Biochemical analyses of ALT and AST showed a discrete increase. Biochemical changes may occur in dogs with hepatic neoplasms, although they are not specific. Functional pancreatic beta-cell tumors producing insulin are the most common cause of paraneoplastic hypoglycemia, although in the case the insulin dosage was within normal limits. In cases of nonislet cell tumor the mechanism is frequently associated with the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). In most cases the definitive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma can be obtained by histopathological examination, although in the present report the result obtained was inconclusive, requiring an immunohistochemical examination. Due to the aggressive and metastatic character of this neoplastic type, early detection becomes extremely important in order to maximize therapeutic chances, however, diagnosis may be difficult.

Lomustine for treatment of canine transmissible venereal tumor / Eficácia da lomustina no tratamento do tumor venéreo transmissível canino

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVTC) is a highly casuistic transmissible neoplasm in Brazil. Chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate is considered the treatment of choice, but the need for weekly applications and hematological monitoring, in addition to costs, are obstacles to owners' adhesion to the treatment. Lomustine is an alkylating class antineoplastic agent, and because it is administered orally, it is a more practical and less costly treatment option for the owners of animals with neoplasms sensitive to the drug. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of lomustine in dogs affected by TVTC. Twelve dogs with cytopathological diagnosis of natural genital TVTC were selected. The dogs were submitted to the experimental protocol with lomustine administration at doses of 70 to 85 mg/m2 orally every 21 days, totaling a maximum of two administration cycles. The animals were reevaluated every 7 days until a maximum of +49 days after the first dose of lomustine, to monitor the regression of neoplastic lesions through measurements. Among the 12 dogs submitted to the lomustine protocol, 8/12 achieved complete remission of the neoplasm and were considered cured (66.6%), 1/12 had partial response to treatment (8.33%) and 3/12 had stable disease (25%). Important adverse effects such as severe neutrophilic leukopenia were detected in 3/12 dogs (25%). The clinical study indicated that lomustine may be a treatment option for TVTC.

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) é uma neoplasia transmissível de elevada casuística no Brasil. A quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina é considerada o tratamento de escolha, mas a necessidade de aplicações semanais e acompanhamento hematológico, além dos custos, são obstáculos à adesão dos proprietários ao tratamento. A lomustina é um antineoplásico da classe dos agentes alquilantes e, por ser administrado por via oral, representa um opção de tratamento mais prática e menos onerosa para os proprietários de animais com neoplasias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia terapêutica da lomustina em cães acometidos por TVTC. Foram selecionados 12 cães com diagnóstico citopatológico de TVTC genital de ocorrência natural. Os cães foram submetidos ao protocolo experimental com administração de lomustina nas doses de 70 a 85 mg/m2 por via oral a cada 21 dias, totalizando no máximo dois ciclos de administração. Os animais foram reavaliados a cada sete dias até um máximo de +49 dias após a primeira dose de lomustina, para monitorar a regressão das lesões neoplásicas por meio de mensuração das lesões. Entre os 12 cães submetidos ao protocolo, 8/12 obtiveram remissão completa da neoplasia e foram considerados curados (66,6%), 1/12 tiveram resposta parcial ao tratamento (8,33%) e 3/12 tiveram doença estável (25%). Efeitos adversos importantes, como leucopenia neutrofílica grave, foram detectados em 3/12 cães (25%). O estudo clínico indicou que a lomustina pode ser uma opção de tratamento para TVTC.

Documentary research of clinical and epidemiological aspects of lymphoma in dogs treated at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro / Pesquisa documental dos aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos do linfoma em cães atendidos na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Lymphomas, malignant neoplasms that originate in the lymphocytes, have a high incidence in domestic animals. This paper aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological findings of 200 cases of canine lymphoma evaluated over nine years (2011­2019) at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital at The Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A majority of mixed-breed canines (84/200-42%) were observed, followed by the Labrador Retriever, Pitbull, and Rottweiler with similar incidence (15/200-7.5%). The average age was 7.7 years and the most affected canines were aged approximately 3 and 11 years old (146/200-73%). As for the anatomical classification, the cases classified as multicentric (131/200-65,5%) were the most common, followed by cases of the cutaneous form (44/200-22%), alimentary form (7/200 - 3.5%), mediastinal form (5/200-2.5%), and extranodal form (16/200-6,5%). Among extranodal cases were described cases of ocular involvement (5/200-2.5%), oral cavity involvement (4/200-2%), cardiac involvement (3/200-1.5%), and pulmonary involvement (1/200-0.5%). The clinical manifestation observed was related to the affected region in the different anatomical forms. More studies of this nature are needed to profile the disease presentation and contribute to clinical identification and diagnosis

Os linfomas são neoplasias malignas que se originam nos linfócitos, apresentando alta incidência em animais domés-ticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os achados clínicos e epidemiológicos de 200 casos de linfoma canino avalia-dos ao longo de nove anos (2011-2019) no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A maioria dos cães foi classificada como sem raça definida (84/200-42%), seguida pelo Labrador Retriever, Pitbull e Rottweiler com incidência semelhante (15/200-7,5%). A idade média foi de 7,7 anos e os caninos mais acometidos tinham aproximadamente 3 e 11 anos (146/200-73%). Quanto à classificação anatômica, os casos classificados como multicêntricos (131/200-65,5%) foram os mais comuns, seguidos pelos casos da forma cutânea (44/200-22%), forma alimentar (7/200 - 3,5 %), forma mediastinal (5/200-2,5%) e forma extranodal (16/200-6,5%). Entre os casos extranodais foram descritos casos de envolvimento ocular (5/200-2,5%), envolvimento da cavidade oral (4/200-2%), envolvimento cardíaco (3/200-1,5%) e envolvimento pulmonar (1/200-0,5 %). A manifestação clínica observada foi relacionada à região acometida nas diferentes formas anatômicas. Mais estudos dessa natureza são necessários para traçar o perfil de apresentação da doença e contribuir para a identificação e diagnóstico clínico

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino em laringe com metástase pulmonar / Canine transmissible venereal tumor in the larynx with pulmonary metastasis

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is one of the most common canine neoplasms in Brazil. Lesions develop mainly in the genital tissue and less frequently in other areas, in the extragenital form. Metastasis is rare, and the disease progression depends on the patient’s immune status. The treatment of choice is chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, considered an effective and safe modality. The present work describes the first case of extragenital TVT in the larynx with pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Case: An approximately 4-month-old mixed-breed bitch was attended manifesting acute clinical respiratory signs. The patient had been rescued from the street 2 months beforehand. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes and crackling pulmonary auscultation. Thoracic radiography was performed in 3 projections, showing multiple nodules in the lung parenchyma, followed by cytopathological examination using fine needle puncture guided by thoracic ultrasound, confirming the diagnosis of TVT. Considering the cytological finding and the absence of primary tumor lesions in the genital, oral, cutaneous or nasal regions, endoscopy was performed in order to locate a possible primary focus. The exam revealed a small erythematous tumor with smooth and regular surface, measuring approximately 2.5 cm, located in the larynx, between the arytenoid cartilages. Chemotherapy was performed with vincristine sulfate with radiographic follow-up throughout the treatment. Full remission of the pulmonary and laryngeal nodules was achieved at the end of the protocol. The animal remained in complete remission for a period of 2 years. Discussion: TVT is more frequently observed in animals of active reproductive age, and rarely in animals under 1 year of age, as in the case...

Carcinoma uretral primário em uma cadela - tratamento multimodal / Primary urethral carcinoma in a bitch - multimodal treatment

Background: Urethral tumors are uncommon in canines, represented predominantly by transitional cell carcinoma, marked by aggressive behavior associated with short life expectancy. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by histopathological analysis. Surgery associated with chemotherapy is the main therapeutic alternative. The aim of this paper is to report a case of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra in a bitch, submitted to surgical treatment associated with conventional adjuvant chemotherapy and metronomic chemotherapy, achieving survival of 21 months, to date. Case: A 12-year-old bitch mixed breed was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), manifesting hematuria and urinary incontinence for one month. Physical examination indicated that vital parameters were within normal limits. Laboratory tests of blood count and serum biochemistry, urinalysis, culture, urinary antibiogram, and abdominal ultrasound were performed. The ultrasound image suggested a neoplastic urethral process. Because of the suspicion of neoplasm, a thoracic X-ray was performed, showing no evidence of metastasis. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdominal region was performed, revealing an expansive lesion in the urethra with loss of definition of the walls and urethral lumen extending to the level of the pelvic floor, measuring about 2.9 x 1.4 x 1.2 cm. After preanesthetic exams, the animal underwent resection and surgical anastomosis of the affected urethral region. The sectioned tissue was sent for histopathological analysis, with diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin at a dose of 250 mg/m², intravenously, every 21 days for 6 sessions. After completing the protocol, abdominal ultrasonography was performed again, which showed a cicatricial process in the urethral region of the surgical excision, with no sign of tumor recurrence. A metronomic chemotherapy protocol was then started with cyclophosphamide at a dose of 15 mg/m², daily for 6 months, with periodic oncological follow-up. At the end of the period, the animal remained under periodic follow-up with ultrasound exams performed at 2-month intervals, and has been free from recurrence for 21 months until now. Discussion: Urethral neoplasms account for 0.5 - 2% of all canine tumors, and are represented mostly by transitional cell carcinomas. Clinical signs of urinary obstruction and hematuria are the most common, as reported in the patient in question. The definitive diagnosis is by histopathological examination. However, imaging tests such as computed tomography are important in the initial investigation and surgical planning. The indicated treatment is surgical resection of the mass with subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The chemotherapy protocol associating cisplatin and piroxicam can achieve remission rates of 70%, but this association has a high nephrotoxic effect. In the present case, cisplatin was replaced by carboplatin in order to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of chemotherapy. The metronomic protocol using cyclophosphamide was used as maintenance therapy, at the end of the conventional chemotherapy protocol. Survival achieved was longer than that described in the literature in cases of transitional cell carcinomas in the urethral region. Therefore, multimodal therapy using surgery associated with conventional and metronomic chemotherapy, is an option in canines with urethral carcinoma.

Canine transmissible venereal tumor with spontaneous remission: case study with emphasis on clinical and cytopathological exams to monitor tumor evolution / Tumor venéreo transmissível canino com remissão espontânea: estudo de caso com ênfase aos exames clínico e citopatológico para monitoramento da evolução tumoral

The canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVTC) is a neoplasm transmitted mainly through copulation and with a high incidence in stray dogs in Brazil. In the process of tumor evolution of TVTC, the progression, stationary and regression phases are recognized. The host immunity is related to the disease's biological behavior, however, spontaneous regression observation in cases of naturally occurring TVTC is uncommon. A canine patient was attended, after beeing rescued from the street, due to an ulcerated mass in the external genitália and tick infestation. Cytopathological examination, which diagnosed TVTC, and laboratory tests that showed mild anemia and severe thrombocytopenia were performed. In view of the impossibility of carrying out other exams, it was made the presumptive diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), and treatment was instituted. During follow-up it was observed quick improvement in clinical signs and laboratory changes, as well as a reduction in tumor mass. A new cytopathological evaluation was carried out, and was verified increase in mature lymphocytes and plasmocytes in the midst of the tumor cells, finding compatible with the stationary phase of the disease. From that moment on, it was decided to perform only clinical and cytopathological follow-up. In the following evaluations, continuous clinical remission and cytopathological findings compatible with those described in the regression phase were observed, until its complete remission. It is considered that the improvement in the general health of the patient after the treatment of CME is related to the spontaneous regression of TVTC, and that simultaneous performance of serial clinical and cytopathological exams may be feasible and useful for monitoring the stages of evolution of TVTC.

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) é uma neoplasia transmitida principalmente através da cópula, com elevada incidência em cães errantes no Brasil. No processo de evolução tumoral do TVTC, são reconhecidas as fases de progressão, estacionária e de regressão. O estado imunológico do hospedeiro está relacionado ao comportamento biológico da doença, contudo, a observação de regressão espontânea em casos de TVTC de ocorrência natural é incomum. Foi atendida uma paciente canina, resgatada da rua, por apresentar massa ulcerada na genitália externa e infestação por carrapatos. Foram realizados exame citopatológico, que diagnosticou TVTC, e exames laboratoriais que evidenciaram anemia discreta e grave trombocitopenia. Com isso e diante da impossibilidade de realizar outros exames, foi também estabelecido o diagnóstico presuntivo de erlichiose monocítica canina (EMC) e instituído tratamento para a hemoparasitose. Durante o acompanhamento, foi observada rápida melhora dos sinais clínicos e das alterações laboratoriais, bem como a redução espontânea da massa tumoral. Em sequência, foi realizada nova avaliação citopatológica do TVTC e verificado o aumento quantitativo de linfócitos maduros e plasmócitos, em meio as células tumorais, achado compatível com a fase estacionária da doença. A partir desse momento, optou-se por realizar apenas acompanhamento clínico e avaliação citopatológica da neoplasia. Foram observados contínua remissão clínica e achados microscópicos compatíveis com a fase de regressão do tumor, até sua remissão completa. Pondera-se que a melhora na saúde geral da paciente após o tratamento da EMC esteja relacionada à regressão espontânea do TVTC, e que realização simultânea de exames clínico e citopatológico seriados pode ser viável e útil ao acompanhamento das fases de evolução do TVTC.

Lung-digit syndrome related to an adenosquamous feline lung carcinoma

Background: The lung-digit syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a primary pulmonar neoplasiamanifesting metastasis to the digit, occurring exclusively in felines. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs, associatedwith radiographic and histopathological exams. There are no therapeutic protocols well-established, and surgical excisionis considered controversial due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. The prognosis is considered poor, with low survivalrates. The aim of this paper is to report a case of lung-digit syndrome attended in Rio de Janeiro.Case: A 12-year-old female cat, no defined race, was attend with the complaint of weight loss and injury in the right thoraciclimb, already having histopathological diagnosis of squamous differentiation adenocarcinoma through biopsy. Physicalexamination showed no other clinical signs at first, including no signs of respiratory disease. Laboratory and imaging examswere performed, and the radiographic examination showed alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma showing a nodulararea of increased radiographic density. Followed up by the manifestation of breathing noise at rest, as the first respiratorysigns. The association of the clinical evaluation, medical history, and histopathological report from the limb lesion, leadto the suspicion diagnostic of lung-digit syndrome. The owners decide for the palliative treatment with chemotherapy, using carboplatin and prednisolone. Only the first session was performed, with the animal being euthanized due to clinicalworsening 48 days after the initial manifestation of clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed...(AU)

Lung-digit syndrome related to an adenosquamous feline lung carcinoma

Background: The lung-digit syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a primary pulmonar neoplasiamanifesting metastasis to the digit, occurring exclusively in felines. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs, associatedwith radiographic and histopathological exams. There are no therapeutic protocols well-established, and surgical excisionis considered controversial due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. The prognosis is considered poor, with low survivalrates. The aim of this paper is to report a case of lung-digit syndrome attended in Rio de Janeiro.Case: A 12-year-old female cat, no defined race, was attend with the complaint of weight loss and injury in the right thoraciclimb, already having histopathological diagnosis of squamous differentiation adenocarcinoma through biopsy. Physicalexamination showed no other clinical signs at first, including no signs of respiratory disease. Laboratory and imaging examswere performed, and the radiographic examination showed alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma showing a nodulararea of increased radiographic density. Followed up by the manifestation of breathing noise at rest, as the first respiratorysigns. The association of the clinical evaluation, medical history, and histopathological report from the limb lesion, leadto the suspicion diagnostic of lung-digit syndrome. The owners decide for the palliative treatment with chemotherapy, using carboplatin and prednisolone. Only the first session was performed, with the animal being euthanized due to clinicalworsening 48 days after the initial manifestation of clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed...

Terapia multimodal no tratamento de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo canino / Multimodal therapy in the treatment of cutaneous canine hemangiosarcoma

O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna de origem endotelial. Quando manifestada em região cutânea, os sinais clínicos estão ligados a variações hemostáticas, como petéquias e hemorragias. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por exame histopatológico. A conduta cirúrgica é a terapia de escolha, podendo ser necessária a realização de técnicas reconstrutivas a depender da localização da neoplasia. A quimioterapia adjuvante, metronômica ou convencional, pode ser empregada. Um canino, fêmea, sem raça definida, de oito anos de idade, atendido com um nódulo cutâneo em região ventro abdominal. O animal foi submetido a protocolo quimioterápico metronômico, devido à extensão do tumor que impedia a exérese cirúrgica em um primeiro momento. O tratamento levou à citorredução, viabilizando a exérese tumoral, desconsiderando as margens de segurança, em caráter paliativo. Após a cirurgia o protocolo quimioterápico foi retomado e mantido nos dois meses seguintes. O animal permaneceu livre da doença nos seis meses seguintes, realizando revisões periódicas. O presente trabalho relata a abordagem multimodal aplicada em um caso de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo, atingindo qualidade de vida e sobrevida satisfatórias.(AU)

Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial origin. When manifested in the cutaneous region, clinical signs are linked to hemostatic variations, such as petechiae and hemorrhages. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological examination. Surgical management is the therapy of choice, and reconstructive techniques may be necessary depending on the location of the neoplasia. Adjuvant chemotherapy, either metronomic or conventional, can be used. An eight-year-old female, mixed-breed canine was treated with a cutaneous nodule in the abdominal ventral region. The animal was submitted to a metronomic chemotherapy protocol, due to the extension of the tumor that prevented surgical excision at first. The treatment led to cytoreduction, making the tumor excision feasible, disregarding the safety margins, in a palliative character. After surgery, the chemotherapy protocol was resumed and maintained for the next two months. The animal remained free of the disease for the following six months, undergoing periodic reviews. The present work reports the multimodal approach applied in a case of cutaneous hemangiosarcoma, achieving satisfactory quality of life and survival.(AU)

Occurrence of oral cavity neoplasms in canines attended at the oncology service of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2011 to 2017) / Ocorrência de neoplasias em cavidade oral em caninos atendidos no serviço de oncologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (2011 a2017)

The oral cavity is among the main sites of neoplasia, both benign and malignant. Those with characteristics of malignancy have an unfavorable prognosis due to their biological behavior and diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Epidemiological data are important to profile the affected population and establish an early treatment strategy, optimizing treatment and increasing the chances of cure and quality of life. The objective of this study was to present the clinical epidemiological aspects of dogs treated with neoplasms in the oral cavity at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2011 and 2017 through a retrospective study of all the medical records of the respective service. The epidemiological data extracted from the archives showed that out of 2832 cases of neoplasms treated in the oncology sector over a 7-year interval (2011 to 2017), 176 animals (6.21%) were affected by oral cavity neoplasms. The dogs without a defined breed were the most affected, the main site affected was the maxilla and melanoma was the most prevalent neoplasm.(AU)

A cavidade oral figura entre os principais sítios de acometimento por neoplasias, tanto benignas quanto malignas. Aquelas que possuem características de malignidade têm o prognóstico desfavorável pelo seu comportamento biológico e pela dificuldade diagnóstica e terapêutica. Os dados epidemiológicos são importantes para se traçar um perfil da população acometida e estabelecer uma estratégia de tratamento precoce otimizando o tratamento e aumentando as chances de cura e a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os aspectos clínicos epidemiológicos dos cães atendidos com neoplasias na cavidade oral no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2011 e 2017 por meio de um estudo retrospectivo de todos os prontuários do referido serviço. Os dados epidemiológicos extraídos dos arquivos evidenciaram que dos 2832 casos de neoplasias atendidos no setor de oncologia em um intervalo de 7 anos (2011 a 2017), as neoplasias da cavidade oral acometeram 176 animais (6,21%). Os cães sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos, o principal local acometido foi a maxila e o melanoma foi a neoplasia mais prevalente.(AU)

Occurrence of oral cavity neoplasms in canines attended at the oncology service of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2011 to 2017) / Ocorrência de neoplasias em cavidade oral em caninos atendidos no serviço de oncologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (2011 a2017)

The oral cavity is among the main sites of neoplasia, both benign and malignant. Those with characteristics of malignancy have an unfavorable prognosis due to their biological behavior and diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Epidemiological data are important to profile the affected population and establish an early treatment strategy, optimizing treatment and increasing the chances of cure and quality of life. The objective of this study was to present the clinical epidemiological aspects of dogs treated with neoplasms in the oral cavity at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2011 and 2017 through a retrospective study of all the medical records of the respective service. The epidemiological data extracted from the archives showed that out of 2832 cases of neoplasms treated in the oncology sector over a 7-year interval (2011 to 2017), 176 animals (6.21%) were affected by oral cavity neoplasms. The dogs without a defined breed were the most affected, the main site affected was the maxilla and melanoma was the most prevalent neoplasm.

A cavidade oral figura entre os principais sítios de acometimento por neoplasias, tanto benignas quanto malignas. Aquelas que possuem características de malignidade têm o prognóstico desfavorável pelo seu comportamento biológico e pela dificuldade diagnóstica e terapêutica. Os dados epidemiológicos são importantes para se traçar um perfil da população acometida e estabelecer uma estratégia de tratamento precoce otimizando o tratamento e aumentando as chances de cura e a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os aspectos clínicos epidemiológicos dos cães atendidos com neoplasias na cavidade oral no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2011 e 2017 por meio de um estudo retrospectivo de todos os prontuários do referido serviço. Os dados epidemiológicos extraídos dos arquivos evidenciaram que dos 2832 casos de neoplasias atendidos no setor de oncologia em um intervalo de 7 anos (2011 a 2017), as neoplasias da cavidade oral acometeram 176 animais (6,21%). Os cães sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos, o principal local acometido foi a maxila e o melanoma foi a neoplasia mais prevalente.

Terapia multimodal no tratamento de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo canino / Multimodal therapy in the treatment of cutaneous canine hemangiosarcoma

O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna de origem endotelial. Quando manifestada em região cutânea, os sinais clínicos estão ligados a variações hemostáticas, como petéquias e hemorragias. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por exame histopatológico. A conduta cirúrgica é a terapia de escolha, podendo ser necessária a realização de técnicas reconstrutivas a depender da localização da neoplasia. A quimioterapia adjuvante, metronômica ou convencional, pode ser empregada. Um canino, fêmea, sem raça definida, de oito anos de idade, atendido com um nódulo cutâneo em região ventro abdominal. O animal foi submetido a protocolo quimioterápico metronômico, devido à extensão do tumor que impedia a exérese cirúrgica em um primeiro momento. O tratamento levou à citorredução, viabilizando a exérese tumoral, desconsiderando as margens de segurança, em caráter paliativo. Após a cirurgia o protocolo quimioterápico foi retomado e mantido nos dois meses seguintes. O animal permaneceu livre da doença nos seis meses seguintes, realizando revisões periódicas. O presente trabalho relata a abordagem multimodal aplicada em um caso de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo, atingindo qualidade de vida e sobrevida satisfatórias.

Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial origin. When manifested in the cutaneous region, clinical signs are linked to hemostatic variations, such as petechiae and hemorrhages. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological examination. Surgical management is the therapy of choice, and reconstructive techniques may be necessary depending on the location of the neoplasia. Adjuvant chemotherapy, either metronomic or conventional, can be used. An eight-year-old female, mixed-breed canine was treated with a cutaneous nodule in the abdominal ventral region. The animal was submitted to a metronomic chemotherapy protocol, due to the extension of the tumor that prevented surgical excision at first. The treatment led to cytoreduction, making the tumor excision feasible, disregarding the safety margins, in a palliative character. After surgery, the chemotherapy protocol was resumed and maintained for the next two months. The animal remained free of the disease for the following six months, undergoing periodic reviews. The present work reports the multimodal approach applied in a case of cutaneous hemangiosarcoma, achieving satisfactory quality of life and survival.

Metastatic peripheral neuroblastoma in a dog

Background: Peripheral neuroblast neoplasms are considered as a group of tumors derived from primitive cells of the neuralcrest that are progenitors of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Reports of neuroblastoma in dogs are scarcein English literature, and there are no reports from Brazil due to its rare occurrence or missed diagnosis, because moderntechniques are often not accessible in Brazil. The aim of the present study was reported a case of metastatic peripheralneuroblastoma in a 10-month-old bitch of Canadian Shepherd breed.Case: A 10-month-old female dog, Canadian Shepherd breed, presenting prostration, inappetence, emesis, progressiveweight loss, and difficulties in the locomotion of the pelvic limbs was brought to the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital ofthe Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (HVPA / UFRRJ) for treatment. Palpation of the abdominal cavity revealeda mass of approximately 14.0-cm diameter in the thoracolumbar region. After the second visit to HVPA/ UFRRJ, therewas worsening of the clinical condition and onset of pain and dyspnea; hence, euthanasia was performed. The dog wasreferred for necropsy; the examination revealed a mass measuring 40.0 × 35.0 cm in the abdominal cavity that causeddisplacement of the intestines and compressed the liver against the diaphragm, as well as another mass that traversed thediaphragm through the esophageal hiatus and surrounded the esophagus, aorta, and caudal vena cava. The right adrenalgland was compressed and adhered to the mass, and the left adrenal gland was not visualized. Specimens of variousorgans were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed according to routine histological technique. Immunohistochemical examination performed on mass specimens revealed positivity for the...(AU)

An unusual case of feline otitis externa due to sporotrichosis.

CASE SUMMARY: It is described a case of a 10-month-old female mixed-breed cat with left ear discharge of approximately 6 days' duration prior to the admission. Secretions were collected from both ears using a sterile swab for cytological and mycological analysis. A pyogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate (predominantly characterized by the presence of neutrophils and macrophages) with the presence of cocci, rods and many yeast-like structures were seen on cytological analysis; the fungal culture confirmed the presence of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Upon diagnosis of fungal otitis due to the S schenckii complex, treatment with oral itraconazole was administered. After 4 weeks of treatment, no S schenckii complex colonies were isolated, and clinical recovery had occurred. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: Although rare, clinicians must be aware of atypical presentations of sporotrichosis, as in this case of external otitis. This is of clinical relevance because this infection has been reported in several countries and is defined as a zoonotic disease.

Metastatic peripheral neuroblastoma in a dog

Background: Peripheral neuroblast neoplasms are considered as a group of tumors derived from primitive cells of the neuralcrest that are progenitors of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Reports of neuroblastoma in dogs are scarcein English literature, and there are no reports from Brazil due to its rare occurrence or missed diagnosis, because moderntechniques are often not accessible in Brazil. The aim of the present study was reported a case of metastatic peripheralneuroblastoma in a 10-month-old bitch of Canadian Shepherd breed.Case: A 10-month-old female dog, Canadian Shepherd breed, presenting prostration, inappetence, emesis, progressiveweight loss, and difficulties in the locomotion of the pelvic limbs was brought to the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital ofthe Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (HVPA / UFRRJ) for treatment. Palpation of the abdominal cavity revealeda mass of approximately 14.0-cm diameter in the thoracolumbar region. After the second visit to HVPA/ UFRRJ, therewas worsening of the clinical condition and onset of pain and dyspnea; hence, euthanasia was performed. The dog wasreferred for necropsy; the examination revealed a mass measuring 40.0 × 35.0 cm in the abdominal cavity that causeddisplacement of the intestines and compressed the liver against the diaphragm, as well as another mass that traversed thediaphragm through the esophageal hiatus and surrounded the esophagus, aorta, and caudal vena cava. The right adrenalgland was compressed and adhered to the mass, and the left adrenal gland was not visualized. Specimens of variousorgans were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed according to routine histological technique. Immunohistochemical examination performed on mass specimens revealed positivity for the...

Mastocitoma cutâneo em felino relato de caso / Feline mast cell tumor case report

O mastocitoma é descrito como a segunda neoplasia cutânea mais comum em felinos, porém no Brasil encontramos poucos relatos nessa espécie. O objetivo do estudo foi relatar um caso de mastocitoma cutâneo em um felino pelo curto brasileiro, macho, de oito anos, atendido no Setor de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro que apresentava nódulo único, eritematoso, alopécico e ulcerado na região supraorbitária esquerda. O exame citológico revelou a presença de uma grande quantidade de mastócitos neoplásicos bem diferenciados. O animal foi encaminhado para a remoção cirúrgica do nódulo. O resultado histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de mastocitoma. Conclui-se que a citologia é uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico da neoplasia em felinos e que o procedimento cirúrgico é a terapia de eleição.(AU) 

The mast cell tumor is described as the second most common skin neoplasm in cats, but in Brazil we found few reports in this species. The aim of the study is to report a case of cutaneous mast cell tumor in an eight years, male, short hair Brazilian feline attended at the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro that had a single nodule, erythematosus, alopecic and ulcerated in the left supraorbital region. Cytological examination revealed the presence of a lot of well-differentiated neoplastic mast cells. The animal was taken to the surgical removal of the nodule. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of mast cell tumor. It is concluded that cytology is an important tool for the diagnosis of this neoplasm in cats and that surgery is the preferred therapy.(AU)

Mastocitoma cutâneo em felino – relato de caso / Feline mast cell tumor – case report

O mastocitoma é descrito como a segunda neoplasia cutânea mais comum em felinos, porém no Brasil encontramos poucos relatos nessa espécie. O objetivo do estudo foi relatar um caso de mastocitoma cutâneo em um felino pelo curto brasileiro, macho, de oito anos, atendido no Setor de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro que apresentava nódulo único, eritematoso, alopécico e ulcerado na região supraorbitária esquerda. O exame citológico revelou a presença de uma grande quantidade de mastócitos neoplásicos bem diferenciados. O animal foi encaminhado para a remoção cirúrgica do nódulo. O resultado histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de mastocitoma. Conclui-se que a citologia é uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico da neoplasia em felinos e que o procedimento cirúrgico é a terapia de eleição.

The mast cell tumor is described as the second most common skin neoplasm in cats, but in Brazil we found few reports in this species. The aim of the study is to report a case of cutaneous mast cell tumor in an eight years, male, short hair Brazilian feline attended at the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro that had a single nodule, erythematosus, alopecic and ulcerated in the left supraorbital region. Cytological examination revealed the presence of a lot of well-differentiated neoplastic mast cells. The animal was taken to the surgical removal of the nodule. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of mast cell tumor. It is concluded that cytology is an important tool for the diagnosis of this neoplasm in cats and that surgery is the preferred therapy.

Esporotricose canina: aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e diagnósticos diferenciais

A esporotricose é uma doença crônica, granulomatosa e geralmente linfocutânea que afeta animais ehomens. A doença em cães foi considerada rara, no entanto, nos últimos anos observou-se um registrocrescente de casos no Brasil, especialmente no Rio de Janeiro. No presente estudo, as características clínicas e o diagnóstico da esporotricose foram analisados em 25 (vinte e cinco) cães e, então, foi realizada acomparação com os principais diagnósticos diferenciais desta doença em um serviço de dermatologia: asneoplasias e as doenças de pele auto-imunes. (AU)

Esporotricose canina: aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e diagnósticos diferenciais

A esporotricose é uma doença crônica, granulomatosa e geralmente linfocutânea que afeta animais ehomens. A doença em cães foi considerada rara, no entanto, nos últimos anos observou-se um registrocrescente de casos no Brasil, especialmente no Rio de Janeiro. No presente estudo, as características clínicas e o diagnóstico da esporotricose foram analisados em 25 (vinte e cinco) cães e, então, foi realizada acomparação com os principais diagnósticos diferenciais desta doença em um serviço de dermatologia: asneoplasias e as doenças de pele auto-imunes.