Paraprobiotics obtained by six different inactivation processes: impacts on the biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota of Wistar male rats.

This study investigated the effects of feeding paraprobiotics obtained by six processes [heat, ultrasound, high pH, low pH, irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2)] on biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota of Wistar male rats. Daily administration of paraprobiotics did not affect (p ≥ 0.05) the food intake, body weight, glucose and triglycerides levels, expression of antioxidant enzymes or thermal shock proteins in comparison to the control. Bifidobacterium lactis inactivated by irradiation and supercritical CO2 decreased the total cholesterol levels in serum (p < 0.05). Bifidobacterium lactis inactivated by supercritical CO2 increased the albumin and creatinine levels, while decreased the HDL-cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). Clostridiales (45.6-56%), Bacteroidales (31.9-44.2%) and Lactobacillales (3.9-7.8%) corresponded to the major orders in paraprobiotic groups. The properties of paraprobiotics are dependent on the method of inactivation, the intensity of the method employed and on the strain used.

Wheat-durum pasta added of inactivated Bifidobacterium animalis decreases glucose and total cholesterol levels and modulates gut microbiota in healthy rats.

This study investigated the effects of consumption of wheat-durum pasta added of Bifidobacterium animalis inactivated by gamma-irradiation (paraprobiotic) on health and gut microbiota of rats. Twenty-one male rats were divided into three groups as follow: control (Control) receiving standard diet; pasta control (PC) receiving diet containing pasta, and paraprobiotic pasta Bifidobacterium-irradiated (PPBI), receiving paraprobiotic pasta. The serum levels of glucose and total cholesterol were reduced (p < 0.05) in PPBI when compared to the Control (p < 0.05). PPBI showed high abundance (p ˂ 0.05) of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and a lower abundance of Bacteriodes compared to Control and PC. Besides, the PPBI showed high abundance (p ˂ 0.05) of Clostridiales, Lactobacillales; Bifidobacteriales, Bacillales, and Coriobacteriales in comparison to Control. Specific genera such as Bifibacterium, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Allobaculum, and Blautia were more related to PPBI. Findings reveal wheat-durum pasta as a potential vehicle for delivering paraprobiotics B. animalis.

Proteomic of goat milk whey and its bacteriostatic and antitumour potential.

Goat whey is normally discarded in the milk processing industry. However, several studies have addressed its biological properties and possible use in human or animal diet. The present study aimed to analysis the protein profile of goat whey to evaluate its possible oxidant, antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumour, and cytotoxic activities in vitro against human erythrocytes. Goat whey was skimmed, and crude protein extract (CPE) was obtained. Next, protein fractions (F) were obtained using ammonium sulphate precipitation method. The proteins were characterized by SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional electrophoresis and soluble protein measurements. No significant differences were observed in protein profile of CPE, F 30-60% and F 60-90%. The highest protein content was found in F 60-90% (0.41mgP/mL). All samples, except F 0-30% showed bacteriostatic activity against different bacterial strains. Only CPE at a concentration of 1000µg/mL was haemolytic against human erythrocytes. Oxidant activity against erythrocytes was not observed. Antioxidant activity was observed only for CPE. Cytotoxicity against C6 rat glioma cell line that was performed with CPE revealed tumour cell death>70% at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1µg/mL. These results demonstrate at first time that CPE may be used as an antioxidant, bacteriostatic and cytotoxic compound against tumour cells.

Effects of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Supplementation on Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Aerobic Capacity in Semi-Professional Soccer Players.

Nutritional intervention with antioxidants rich foods has been considered a strategy to minimize the effects of overtraining in athletes. This experimental, randomized, and placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of consumption of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) on muscle damage markers, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and aerobic performance in male semi-professional soccer players. Twenty athletes were randomly assigned to groups that received 40 g (two tablespoons) per day of sesame or a placebo during 28 days of regular training (exposed to routine training that includes loads of heavy training in the final half of the season). Before and after intervention, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and aerobic capacity were evaluated. Before intervention, a physiologic imbalance was noted in both groups related to CK and LDH levels. Sesame intake caused a reduction of CK (19%, p < 0.05), LDH (37%, p < 0.05), MDA (55%, p < 0.05) and hs-CRP (53%, p < 0.05) and increased SOD (14%, p < 0.05), vitamin A (25%, p < 0.05), and vitamin E (65%, p < 0.05) in the experimental group. These phenomena were accompanied by increased aerobic capacity (17%, p < 0.05). The placebo group showed an increase in CK (5%, p < 0.05) and no significant change in LDH, SOD or vitamin A. MDA levels decreased (21%, p < 0.05) and vitamin E increased (14%, p < 0.05) in the placebo group, but to a much lesser extent than in the experimental group. These results show that sesame consumption may reduce muscle damage and oxidative stress while improving the aerobic capacity in soccer players.