ABSTRACT
Una entrevista clínica bien desarrollada permite orientar de forma adecuada el diagnóstico. Sin embargo, la psicología cognitiva muestra que las personas cometen errores cuando se encuentran con problemas complejos, tales como los que se enfrentan a la hora de hacer un diagnóstico, especialmente cuando disponen de poco tiempo o de recursos limitados. La principal causa de los fallos en el razonamiento clínico es el uso de «atajos cognitivos». Entre ellos, el cierre prematuro es un factor clave desencadenante de error diagnóstico. Los errores cognitivos son predecibles y, por tanto, es posible aprender estrategias para reducirlos o evitarlos. Conocer las características de los atajos cognitivos, e identificar los que se aplican de forma automática, es el primer paso hacia la prevención de errores o la minimización de sus consecuencias(AU)
A well-developed clinical interview makes it possible to adequately focus the diagnosis. However, cognitive psychology shows that mistakes are made when the persons face complex problems, such as those faced when making a diagnosis, especially if time or resources are limited. The main cause of failures in clinical reasoning is using cognitive shortcuts. Among them, premature closure is a key factor triggering a diagnostic error. Cognitive errors are predictable and thus, it is possible to learn strategies to reduce or avoid them. Knowing the main features of cognitive shortcuts and identifying those automatically used is the first step towards preventing errors or minimizing their consequences(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diagnostic Errors/ethics , Diagnostic Errors/statistics & numerical data , Diagnostic Errors/trends , Physician-Patient Relations , Patient Safety/standards , Diagnostic Errors/legislation & jurisprudence , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & controlABSTRACT
A well-developed clinical interview makes it possible to adequately focus the diagnosis. However, cognitive psychology shows that mistakes are made when the persons face complex problems, such as those faced when making a diagnosis, especially if time or resources are limited. The main cause of failures in clinical reasoning is using "cognitive shortcuts". Among them, premature closure is a key factor triggering a diagnostic error. Cognitive errors are predictable and thus, it is possible to learn strategies to reduce or avoid them. Knowing the main features of cognitive shortcuts and identifying those automatically used is the first step towards preventing errors or minimizing their consequences.
Subject(s)
Cognition , Decision Making , Diagnostic Errors/psychology , Physician-Patient Relations , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control , Humans , UncertaintyABSTRACT
El reconocimiento recíproco es un concepto, surgido del pensamiento filosófico, imprescindible para comprender las actitudes que fundamentan unas relaciones interpersonales pacíficas. Cuando no se da, se establecen relaciones en las que personas o colectivos humanos luchan por ser reconocidos. Excluir a los pacientes de la toma de decisiones concernientes a su salud es no respetar su autonomía y puede hacer que éstos se sientan tratados como objetos, con la consiguiente pérdida de confianza en el profesional. El paciente informado, es decir, con criterio propio y deseos de participar en lo que le concierne, está generando un colectivo de tendencia creciente. El reconocimiento recíproco aplicado a la relación clínica requiere, por una parte, la confianza del paciente en el profesional al que consulta y, por otra, la iniciativa profesional de compartir decisiones con el paciente. Los autores reflexionan sobre el concepto de reconocimiento recíproco, ejemplificando con situaciones posibles en la consulta(AU)
Reciprocal recognition is a philosophical concept that is essential to understand the attitudes that are basic for peaceful personal relationships. When it is not present, relationships in which people struggle for recognition are established. When the patients are excluded from the decision making regarding their health, their autonomy is not respected. This may make the patients feel like they are being treated as objects, with the consequent loss of trust in the doctor. An informed patient, that it, with their own criteria and desires to participate in what concerns them, is generating a group of growing tendencies. Reciprocal recognition applied to the physician-patient relationship need for one hand, the patient's trust in professional consulting and, secondly, the professional's initiative of sharing decisions with patients. The authors reflect on the concept of reciprocal recognition, with scenarios illustrating the consultation(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Decision Making/ethics , Decision Making/physiology , Interpersonal Relations , Referral and Consultation/ethics , Referral and Consultation/trends , Decision Support Techniques , Health Manager , TrustABSTRACT
"Reciprocal recognition" is a philosophical concept that is essential to understand the attitudes that are basic for peaceful personal relationships. When it is not present, relationships in which people struggle for recognition are established. When the patients are excluded from the decision making regarding their health, their autonomy is not respected. This may make the patients feel like they are being treated as objects, with the consequent loss of trust in the doctor. An informed patient, that it, with their own criteria and desires to participate in what concerns them, is generating a group of growing tendencies. Reciprocal recognition applied to the physician-patient relationship need for one hand, the patient's trust in professional consulting and, secondly, the professional's initiative of sharing decisions with patients. The authors reflect on the concept of reciprocal recognition, with scenarios illustrating the consultation.
Subject(s)
Decision Making , Patient Participation , Physician-Patient Relations , Cultural Competency , Humans , Informed Consent , Patient Education as Topic , Personal Autonomy , Social ValuesABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , International Classification of Diseases , Information Management , Primary Health Care , Information Systems , Family PracticeABSTRACT
No disponible
